Merge pull request #228 from kekekeks/render-refactor

Render-related changes needed for window multiplexing mode

src/Gtk/Perspex.Cairo/CairoPlatform.cs

@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo
             return new FormattedTextImpl(s_pangoContext, text, fontFamily, fontSize, fontStyle, textAlignment, fontWeight);
         }
 
-        public IRenderer CreateRenderer(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height)
+        public IRenderTarget CreateRenderer(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height)
         {
-            return new Renderer(handle, width, height);
+            return new RenderTarget(handle, width, height);
         }
 
         public IRenderTargetBitmapImpl CreateRenderTargetBitmap(int width, int height)

src/Gtk/Perspex.Cairo/Media/Imaging/RenderTargetBitmapImpl.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 // Licensed under the MIT license. See licence.md file in the project root for full license information.
 
 using System;
+using Perspex.Media;
 using Perspex.Platform;
+using Perspex.Rendering;
 
 namespace Perspex.Cairo.Media.Imaging
 {
@@ -10,10 +12,12 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo.Media.Imaging
 
     public class RenderTargetBitmapImpl : IRenderTargetBitmapImpl
     {
+
+        private readonly RenderTarget _renderTarget;
         public RenderTargetBitmapImpl(Cairo.ImageSurface surface)
         {
             Surface = surface;
-            renderer = new Renderer(Surface);
+            _renderTarget = new RenderTarget(Surface);
         }
 
         public int PixelWidth => Surface.Width;
@@ -22,7 +26,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo.Media.Imaging
 
         public void Dispose()
         {
-            renderer.Dispose();
+            _renderTarget.Dispose();
         }
 
         public Cairo.ImageSurface Surface
@@ -30,15 +34,19 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo.Media.Imaging
             get;
         }
 
-        private Renderer renderer;
-        public void Render(IVisual visual)
+        public void Save(string fileName)
         {
-            renderer.Render(visual, new PlatformHandle(IntPtr.Zero, "RTB"));
+            Surface.WriteToPng(fileName);
         }
 
-        public void Save(string fileName)
+        public IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext()
         {
-            Surface.WriteToPng(fileName);
+            return _renderTarget.CreateDrawingContext();
+        }
+
+        void IRenderTarget.Resize(int width, int height)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
         }
     }
 }

src/Gtk/Perspex.Cairo/Media/TileBrushes.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using Perspex.Cairo.Media.Imaging;
 using Perspex.Layout;
 using Perspex.Media;
 using Perspex.Platform;
+using Perspex.Rendering;
 
 namespace Perspex.Cairo.Media
 {
@@ -110,12 +111,12 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo.Media
                     scale,
                     translate,
                     out drawRect);
-                var renderer = new Renderer(intermediate);
+                var renderer = new RenderTarget(intermediate);
 
                 context.Rectangle(drawRect.ToCairo());
                 context.Clip();
                 context.Transform(transform.ToCairo());
-                renderer.Render(visual, new PlatformHandle(IntPtr.Zero, "RTB"), transform, drawRect);
+                renderer.Render(visual, transform, drawRect);
 
                 var result = new SurfacePattern(intermediate);
 

src/Gtk/Perspex.Cairo/Perspex.Cairo.csproj

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     <Compile Include="Media\RadialGradientBrushImpl.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Media\TileBrushes.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="Renderer.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="RenderTarget.cs" />
     <Compile Include="CairoExtensions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Media\StreamGeometryContextImpl.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Media\StreamGeometryImpl.cs" />

src/Gtk/Perspex.Cairo/Renderer.cs → src/Gtk/Perspex.Cairo/RenderTarget.cs

@@ -13,24 +13,26 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo
     using global::Cairo;
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// A cairo renderer.
+    /// A cairo render target.
     /// </summary>
-    public class Renderer : RendererBase
+    public class RenderTarget : IRenderTarget
     {
+        private readonly IPlatformHandle _handle;
         private readonly Surface _surface;
         private Gdk.Window _window;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Renderer"/> class.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenderTarget"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="handle">The window handle.</param>
         /// <param name="width">The width of the window.</param>
         /// <param name="height">The height of the window.</param>
-        public Renderer(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height)
+        public RenderTarget(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height)
         {
+            _handle = handle;
         }
 
-        public Renderer(ImageSurface surface)
+        public RenderTarget(ImageSurface surface)
         {
             _surface = surface;
         }
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="width">The new width.</param>
         /// <param name="height">The new height.</param>
-        public override void Resize(int width, int height)
+        public  void Resize(int width, int height)
         {
             // Don't need to do anything here.
         }
@@ -49,33 +51,26 @@ namespace Perspex.Cairo
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a cairo surface that targets a platform-specific resource.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="handle">The platform-specific handle.</param>
         /// <returns>A surface wrapped in an <see cref="IDrawingContext"/>.</returns>
-        protected override IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext(IPlatformHandle handle)
+        public IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext()
         {
-            switch (handle.HandleDescriptor)
+            if(_surface != null)
+                return new DrawingContext(_surface);
+
+            switch (_handle.HandleDescriptor)
             {
-                case "RTB":
-                    return new DrawingContext(_surface);
                 case "GdkWindow":
                     if (_window == null)
-                        _window = new Gdk.Window(handle.Handle);
+                        _window = new Gdk.Window(_handle.Handle);
 
                     return new DrawingContext(_window);
                 default:
                     throw new NotSupportedException(string.Format(
                         "Don't know how to create a Cairo renderer from a '{0}' handle",
-                        handle.HandleDescriptor));
+                        _handle.HandleDescriptor));
             }
         }
-
-        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
-        private static extern IntPtr GetDC(IntPtr hwnd);
-
-        public override void Dispose()
-        {
-			if (_surface != null)
-		        _surface.Dispose();
-        }
+        
+        public void Dispose() => _surface?.Dispose();
     }
 }

src/Gtk/Perspex.Gtk/WindowImpl.cs

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Gtk
 
         public Action<RawInputEventArgs> Input { get; set; }
 
-        public Action<Rect, IPlatformHandle> Paint { get; set; }
+        public Action<Rect> Paint { get; set; }
 
         public Action<Size> Resized { get; set; }
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Gtk
 
         protected override bool OnExposeEvent(EventExpose evnt)
         {
-            Paint(evnt.Area.ToPerspex(), GetHandle(evnt.Window));
+            Paint(evnt.Area.ToPerspex());
             return true;
         }
 

src/Perspex.Application/Application.cs

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace Perspex
                 .Bind<IKeyboardNavigationHandler>().ToTransient<KeyboardNavigationHandler>()
                 .Bind<IStyler>().ToConstant(_styler)
                 .Bind<ILayoutManager>().ToTransient<LayoutManager>()
-                .Bind<IRenderManager>().ToTransient<RenderManager>();
+                .Bind<IRenderQueueManager>().ToTransient<RenderQueueManager>();
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Perspex.Controls/Perspex.Controls.csproj

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
     </Compile>
     <Compile Include="DockPanel.cs" />
     <Compile Include="HotkeyManager.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Platform\ITopLevelRenderer.cs" />
     <Compile Include="SystemDialog.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Generators\ITreeItemContainerGenerator.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Generators\ItemContainers.cs" />

src/Perspex.Controls/Platform/ITopLevelImpl.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Platform
 
         Action<RawInputEventArgs> Input { get; set; }
 
-        Action<Rect, IPlatformHandle> Paint { get; set; }
+        Action<Rect> Paint { get; set; }
 
         Action<Size> Resized { get; set; }
 

src/Perspex.Controls/Platform/ITopLevelRenderer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Perspex.Platform;
+using Perspex.Rendering;
+
+namespace Perspex.Controls.Platform
+{
+    public interface ITopLevelRenderer
+    {
+        void Attach(TopLevel topLevel);
+    }
+
+
+    class DefaultTopLevelRenderer : ITopLevelRenderer
+    {
+
+        public void Attach(TopLevel topLevel)
+        {
+            var resources = new List<IDisposable>();
+            var initialClientSize = topLevel.PlatformImpl.ClientSize;
+
+
+            var queueManager = ((IRenderRoot)topLevel).RenderQueueManager;
+
+            if (queueManager == null)
+                return;
+
+            var platformRender = PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<IPlatformRenderInterface>();
+            if(platformRender == null)
+                return;
+
+            var viewport = platformRender
+                .CreateRenderer(topLevel.PlatformImpl.Handle, initialClientSize.Width, initialClientSize.Height);
+            resources.Add(viewport);
+
+
+            resources.Add(topLevel.GetObservable(TopLevel.ClientSizeProperty).Subscribe(clientSize =>
+            {
+                viewport.Resize((int) clientSize.Width, (int) clientSize.Height);
+            }));
+            resources.Add(queueManager.RenderNeeded.Subscribe(_
+                => topLevel.PlatformImpl.Invalidate(new Rect(topLevel.ClientSize))));
+
+            topLevel.PlatformImpl.Paint = rect =>
+            {
+                viewport.Render(topLevel);
+                queueManager.RenderFinished();
+            };
+
+            topLevel.Closed += delegate
+            {
+                foreach (var disposable in resources)
+                    disposable.Dispose();
+                resources.Clear();
+            };
+
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Perspex.Controls/TopLevel.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Reactive.Disposables;
 using System.Reactive.Linq;
+using Perspex.Controls.Platform;
 using Perspex.Controls.Primitives;
 using Perspex.Input;
 using Perspex.Input.Raw;
@@ -43,8 +44,8 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls
         public static readonly PerspexProperty<IInputElement> PointerOverElementProperty =
             PerspexProperty.Register<TopLevel, IInputElement>(nameof(IInputRoot.PointerOverElement));
 
-        private readonly IRenderManager _renderManager;
-        private readonly IRenderer _renderer;
+        private readonly IRenderQueueManager _renderQueueManager;
+        private readonly IRenderTarget _renderTarget;
         private readonly IInputManager _inputManager;
         private readonly IAccessKeyHandler _accessKeyHandler;
         private readonly IKeyboardNavigationHandler _keyboardNavigationHandler;
@@ -92,21 +93,21 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls
             _inputManager = TryGetService<IInputManager>(dependencyResolver);
             _keyboardNavigationHandler = TryGetService<IKeyboardNavigationHandler>(dependencyResolver);
             LayoutManager = TryGetService<ILayoutManager>(dependencyResolver);
-            _renderManager = TryGetService<IRenderManager>(dependencyResolver);
+            _renderQueueManager = TryGetService<IRenderQueueManager>(dependencyResolver);
+            (TryGetService<ITopLevelRenderer>(dependencyResolver) ?? new DefaultTopLevelRenderer()).Attach(this);
 
             PlatformImpl.SetInputRoot(this);
             PlatformImpl.Activated = HandleActivated;
             PlatformImpl.Deactivated = HandleDeactivated;
             PlatformImpl.Closed = HandleClosed;
             PlatformImpl.Input = HandleInput;
-            PlatformImpl.Paint = HandlePaint;
             PlatformImpl.Resized = HandleResized;
 
             Size clientSize = ClientSize = PlatformImpl.ClientSize;
 
             if (renderInterface != null)
             {
-                _renderer = renderInterface.CreateRenderer(PlatformImpl.Handle, clientSize.Width, clientSize.Height);
+                _renderTarget = renderInterface.CreateRenderer(PlatformImpl.Handle, clientSize.Width, clientSize.Height);
             }
 
             if (LayoutManager != null)
@@ -116,11 +117,6 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls
                 LayoutManager.LayoutCompleted.Subscribe(_ => HandleLayoutCompleted());
             }
 
-            if (_renderManager != null)
-            {
-                _renderManager.RenderNeeded.Subscribe(_ => HandleRenderNeeded());
-            }
-
             if (_keyboardNavigationHandler != null)
             {
                 _keyboardNavigationHandler.SetOwner(this);
@@ -188,16 +184,11 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls
         {
             get;
         }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the window renderer.
-        /// </summary>
-        IRenderer IRenderRoot.Renderer => _renderer;
-
+        
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the window render manager.
         /// </summary>
-        IRenderManager IRenderRoot.RenderManager => _renderManager;
+        IRenderQueueManager IRenderRoot.RenderQueueManager => _renderQueueManager;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the access key handler for the window.
@@ -297,7 +288,6 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls
             }
 
             ClientSize = clientSize;
-            _renderer.Resize((int)clientSize.Width, (int)clientSize.Height);
             LayoutManager.ExecuteLayoutPass();
             PlatformImpl.Invalidate(new Rect(clientSize));
         }
@@ -389,28 +379,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls
         /// </summary>
         private void HandleLayoutCompleted()
         {
-            _renderManager?.InvalidateRender(this);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Handles a render request from <see cref="RenderManager.RenderNeeded"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        private void HandleRenderNeeded()
-        {
-            Dispatcher.UIThread.InvokeAsync(
-                () => PlatformImpl.Invalidate(new Rect(ClientSize)),
-                DispatcherPriority.Render);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Handles a paint request from <see cref="ITopLevelImpl.Paint"/>.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="rect">The rectangle to paint.</param>
-        /// <param name="handle">An optional platform-specific handle.</param>
-        private void HandlePaint(Rect rect, IPlatformHandle handle)
-        {
-            _renderer.Render(this, handle);
-            _renderManager.RenderFinished();
+            _renderQueueManager?.InvalidateRender(this);
         }
     }
 }

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Media/Imaging/RenderTargetBitmap.cs

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 using System;
 using Perspex.Platform;
+using Perspex.Rendering;
 
 namespace Perspex.Media.Imaging
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// A bitmap that holds the rendering of a <see cref="IVisual"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    public class RenderTargetBitmap : Bitmap, IDisposable
+    public class RenderTargetBitmap : Bitmap, IDisposable, IRenderTarget
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenderTargetBitmap"/> class.
@@ -26,18 +27,6 @@ namespace Perspex.Media.Imaging
         /// </summary>
         public new IRenderTargetBitmapImpl PlatformImpl => (IRenderTargetBitmapImpl)base.PlatformImpl;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Renders an <see cref="IVisual"/> into the bitmap.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// Before calling this method, ensure that <paramref name="visual"/> has been measured.
-        /// </remarks>
-        public void Render(IVisual visual)
-        {
-            PlatformImpl.Render(visual);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Disposes of the bitmap.
         /// </summary>
@@ -57,5 +46,12 @@ namespace Perspex.Media.Imaging
             IPlatformRenderInterface factory = PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<IPlatformRenderInterface>();
             return factory.CreateRenderTargetBitmap(width, height);
         }
+
+        public IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext() => PlatformImpl.CreateDrawingContext();
+
+        void IRenderTarget.Resize(int width, int height)
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
     }
 }

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Perspex.SceneGraph.csproj

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
     <Compile Include="Platform\IBitmapImpl.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Platform\IGeometryImpl.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Platform\IPlatformRenderInterface.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="Platform\IRenderer.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Platform\IRenderTarget.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Platform\IRenderTargetBitmapImpl.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Platform\IStreamGeometryContextImpl.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Platform\IStreamGeometryImpl.cs" />
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@
     <Compile Include="RelativeRect.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Rect.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Rendering\IRenderRoot.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="Rendering\IRenderManager.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Rendering\IRenderQueueManager.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Rendering\RendererBase.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="Rendering\RenderManager.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Rendering\RenderQueueManager.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Size.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Thickness.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Vector.cs" />

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Platform/IPlatformRenderInterface.cs

@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ namespace Perspex.Platform
         /// <param name="handle">The platform handle for the renderer.</param>
         /// <param name="width">The initial width of the render.</param>
         /// <param name="height">The initial height of the render.</param>
-        /// <returns>An <see cref="IRenderer"/>.</returns>
-        IRenderer CreateRenderer(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height);
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="IRenderTarget"/>.</returns>
+        IRenderTarget CreateRenderer(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a render target bitmap implementation.

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Platform/IRenderTarget.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright (c) The Perspex Project. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See licence.md file in the project root for full license information.
+
+using System;
+using Perspex.Media;
+
+namespace Perspex.Platform
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Defines a render target
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// The interface used for obtaining drawing context from surfaces you can render on.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public interface IRenderTarget : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an <see cref="IDrawingContext"/> for a rendering session.
+        /// </summary>
+        IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resizes the rendered viewport.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="width">The new width.</param>
+        /// <param name="height">The new height.</param>
+        void Resize(int width, int height);
+    }
+}

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Platform/IRenderTargetBitmapImpl.cs

@@ -9,15 +9,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Platform
     /// Defines the platform-specific interface for a
     /// <see cref="Perspex.Media.Imaging.RenderTargetBitmap"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    public interface IRenderTargetBitmapImpl : IBitmapImpl, IDisposable
+    public interface IRenderTargetBitmapImpl : IBitmapImpl, IRenderTarget
     {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Renders an <see cref="IVisual"/> into the bitmap.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// Before calling this method, ensure that <paramref name="visual"/> has been measured.
-        /// </remarks>
-        void Render(IVisual visual);
     }
 }

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Platform/IRenderer.cs

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) The Perspex Project. All rights reserved.
-// Licensed under the MIT license. See licence.md file in the project root for full license information.
-
-using System;
-
-namespace Perspex.Platform
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Defines a renderer.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <remarks>
-    /// The interface used to render <see cref="IVisual"/>s. You will usually want to inherit from
-    /// <see cref="Perspex.Rendering.RendererBase"/> rather than implementing the whole interface
-    /// as RenderBase has a default implementation for the non-platform specific parts of a
-    /// renderer.
-    /// </remarks>
-    public interface IRenderer : IDisposable
-    {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the number of times <see cref="Render"/> has been called.
-        /// </summary>
-        int RenderCount { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Renders the specified visual.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
-        /// <param name="handle">An optional platform-specific handle.</param>
-        void Render(IVisual visual, IPlatformHandle handle);
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Resizes the rendered viewport.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="width">The new width.</param>
-        /// <param name="height">The new height.</param>
-        void Resize(int width, int height);
-    }
-}

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Rendering/IRenderManager.cs → src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Rendering/IRenderQueueManager.cs

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ using System.Reactive;
 namespace Perspex.Rendering
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Defines the interface for a <see cref="RenderManager"/>.
+    /// Defines the interface for a <see cref="RenderQueueManager"/>.
     /// </summary>
-    public interface IRenderManager
+    public interface IRenderQueueManager
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets an observable that is fired whenever a render is required.

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Rendering/IRenderRoot.cs

@@ -10,15 +10,10 @@ namespace Perspex.Rendering
     /// </summary>
     public interface IRenderRoot
     {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the renderer for the tree.
-        /// </summary>
-        IRenderer Renderer { get; }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the render manager which schedules renders.
         /// </summary>
-        IRenderManager RenderManager { get; }
+        IRenderQueueManager RenderQueueManager { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Translates a point to screen co-ordinates.

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Rendering/RenderManager.cs → src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Rendering/RenderQueueManager.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Rendering
     /// <summary>
     /// Schedules the rendering of a tree.
     /// </summary>
-    public class RenderManager : IRenderManager
+    public class RenderQueueManager : IRenderQueueManager
     {
         private readonly Subject<Unit> _renderNeeded = new Subject<Unit>();
 

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Rendering/RendererBase.cs

@@ -12,63 +12,73 @@ namespace Perspex.Rendering
     /// Base class for standard renderers.
     /// </summary>
     /// <remarks>
-    /// This class provides implements the platform-independent parts of <see cref="IRenderer"/>.
+    /// This class provides implements the platform-independent parts of <see cref="IRenderTarget"/>.
     /// </remarks>
-    public abstract class RendererBase : IRenderer
+    public static class RendererMixin
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the number of times <see cref="Render(IVisual, IPlatformHandle)"/> has been called.
+        /// Renders the specified visual.
         /// </summary>
-        public int RenderCount
+        /// <param name="renderTarget">IRenderer instance</param>
+        /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
+        public static void Render(this IRenderTarget renderTarget, IVisual visual)
         {
-            get;
-            private set;
+            using (var ctx = renderTarget.CreateDrawingContext())
+                ctx.Render(visual);
         }
 
-        public abstract void Dispose();
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Renders the specified visual.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="renderTarget">IRenderer instance</param>
         /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
-        /// <param name="handle">An optional platform-specific handle.</param>
-        public virtual void Render(IVisual visual, IPlatformHandle handle)
+        /// <param name="translation">The current translation.</param>
+        /// <param name="transform">The current transform.</param>
+        public static void Render(this IRenderTarget renderTarget, IVisual visual, Matrix translation, Matrix transform)
         {
-            Render(visual, handle, Matrix.Identity);
-            ++RenderCount;
+            using (var ctx = renderTarget.CreateDrawingContext())
+                ctx.Render(visual, translation, transform);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Renders the specified visual with the specified transform and clip.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="renderTarget">IRenderer instance</param>
         /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
-        /// <param name="handle">An optional platform-specific handle.</param>
         /// <param name="transform">The transform.</param>
         /// <param name="clip">An optional clip rectangle.</param>
-        public virtual void Render(IVisual visual, IPlatformHandle handle, Matrix transform, Rect? clip = null)
+        public static void Render(this IRenderTarget renderTarget, IVisual visual, Matrix transform, Rect? clip = null)
         {
-            using (var context = CreateDrawingContext(handle))
-            using (clip.HasValue ? context.PushClip(clip.Value) : null)
-            {
-                Render(visual, context, Matrix.Identity, transform);
-            }
+            using (var context = renderTarget.CreateDrawingContext())
+                context.Render(visual, transform, clip);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Resizes the rendered viewport.
+        /// Renders the specified visual.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="width">The new width.</param>
-        /// <param name="height">The new height.</param>
-        public abstract void Resize(int width, int height);
+        /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
+        /// 
+        /// <param name="context">The drawing context.</param>
+        public static void Render(this IDrawingContext context, IVisual visual)
+        {
+            context.Render(visual, Matrix.Identity);
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// When overriden by a derived class creates an <see cref="IDrawingContext"/> for a
-        /// rendering session.
+        /// Renders the specified visual with the specified transform and clip.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="handle">The handle to use to create the context.</param>
-        /// <returns>An <see cref="IDrawingContext"/>.</returns>
-        protected abstract IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext(IPlatformHandle handle);
-
+        /// <param name="visual">The visual to render.</param>
+        /// <param name="context">The drawing context.</param>
+        /// <param name="transform">The transform.</param>
+        /// <param name="clip">An optional clip rectangle.</param>
+        public static void Render(this IDrawingContext context, IVisual visual, Matrix transform, Rect? clip = null)
+        {
+            using (clip.HasValue ? context.PushClip(clip.Value) : null)
+            {
+                context.Render(visual, Matrix.Identity, transform);
+            }
+        }
+        
         /// <summary>
         /// Renders the specified visual.
         /// </summary>
@@ -76,7 +86,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Rendering
         /// <param name="context">The drawing context.</param>
         /// <param name="translation">The current translation.</param>
         /// <param name="transform">The current transform.</param>
-        protected virtual void Render(IVisual visual, IDrawingContext context, Matrix translation, Matrix transform)
+        public static void Render(this IDrawingContext context, IVisual visual, Matrix translation, Matrix transform)
         {
             var opacity = visual.Opacity;
 
@@ -108,7 +118,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Rendering
 
                     foreach (var child in visual.VisualChildren.OrderBy(x => x.ZIndex))
                     {
-                        Render(child, context, translation, transform);
+                        context.Render(child, translation, transform);
                     }
                 }
             }

src/Perspex.SceneGraph/Visual.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Perspex
     /// </summary>
     /// <remarks>
     /// The <see cref="Visual"/> class acts as a node in the Perspex scene graph and holds
-    /// all the information needed for an <see cref="IRenderer"/> to render the control.
+    /// all the information needed for an <see cref="IRenderTarget"/> to render the control.
     /// To traverse the scene graph (aka Visual Tree), use the extension methods defined
     /// in <see cref="VisualExtensions"/>.
     /// </remarks>
@@ -222,9 +222,9 @@ namespace Perspex
                 .OfType<IRenderRoot>()
                 .FirstOrDefault();
 
-            if (root != null && root.RenderManager != null)
+            if (root != null && root.RenderQueueManager != null)
             {
-                root.RenderManager.InvalidateRender(this);
+                root.RenderQueueManager.InvalidateRender(this);
             }
         }
 

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Direct2D1Platform.cs

@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1
             return new FormattedTextImpl(text, fontFamily, fontSize, fontStyle, textAlignment, fontWeight);
         }
 
-        public IRenderer CreateRenderer(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height)
+        public IRenderTarget CreateRenderer(IPlatformHandle handle, double width, double height)
         {
             if (handle.HandleDescriptor == "HWND")
             {
-                return new Renderer(handle.Handle, width, height);
+                return new RenderTarget(handle.Handle, width, height);
             }
             else
             {

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Media/DrawingContext.cs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
         /// <summary>
         /// The Direct2D1 render target.
         /// </summary>
-        private readonly RenderTarget _renderTarget;
+        private readonly SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget _renderTarget;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The DirectWrite factory.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
         /// <param name="renderTarget">The render target to draw to.</param>
         /// <param name="directWriteFactory">The DirectWrite factory.</param>
         public DrawingContext(
-            RenderTarget renderTarget,
+            SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget renderTarget,
             SharpDX.DirectWrite.Factory directWriteFactory)
         {
             _renderTarget = renderTarget;

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Media/ImageBrushImpl.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
     {
         public ImageBrushImpl(
             ImageBrush brush,
-            RenderTarget target,
+            SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget target,
             Size targetSize)
         {
             if (brush.Source == null)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
 
         private BitmapBrush CreateDirectBrush(
             ImageBrush brush,
-            RenderTarget target,
+            SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget target,
             Bitmap image, 
             Rect sourceRect, 
             Rect destinationRect)

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Media/Imaging/RenderTargetBitmapImpl.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 // Licensed under the MIT license. See licence.md file in the project root for full license information.
 
 using System;
+using Perspex.Media;
 using Perspex.Platform;
+using Perspex.Rendering;
 using SharpDX.Direct2D1;
 using SharpDX.WIC;
 
@@ -36,10 +38,11 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
             // TODO:
         }
 
-        public void Render(IVisual visual)
+        public IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext() => new RenderTarget(_target).CreateDrawingContext();
+
+        void IRenderTarget.Resize(int width, int height)
         {
-            Renderer renderer = new Renderer(_target);
-            renderer.Render(visual, null);
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
         }
     }
 }

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Media/PerspexTextRenderer.cs

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
     {
         private readonly DrawingContext _context;
 
-        private readonly RenderTarget _renderTarget;
+        private readonly SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget _renderTarget;
 
         private readonly Brush _foreground;
 
         public PerspexTextRenderer(
             DrawingContext context,
-            RenderTarget target,
+            SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget target,
             Brush foreground)
         {
             _context = context;

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Media/VisualBrushImpl.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System;
 using Perspex.Layout;
 using Perspex.Media;
+using Perspex.Rendering;
 using SharpDX.Direct2D1;
 
 namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
     {
         public VisualBrushImpl(
             VisualBrush brush,
-            RenderTarget target,
+            SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget target,
             Size targetSize)
         {
             var visual = brush.Visual;
@@ -50,9 +51,9 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1.Media
                     scale,
                     translate,
                     out drawRect);
-                var renderer = new Renderer(intermediate);
+                var renderer = new RenderTarget(intermediate);
 
-                renderer.Render(visual, null, transform, drawRect);
+                renderer.Render(visual, transform, drawRect);
 
                 this.PlatformBrush = new BitmapBrush(
                     target,

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Perspex.Direct2D1.csproj

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
     <Compile Include="Media\FormattedTextImpl.cs" />
     <Compile Include="PrimitiveExtensions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="Renderer.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="RenderTarget.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="app.config" />

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/PrimitiveExtensions.cs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1
         /// <param name="pen">The pen to convert.</param>
         /// <param name="target">The render target.</param>
         /// <returns>The Direct2D brush.</returns>
-        public static StrokeStyle ToDirect2DStrokeStyle(this Perspex.Media.Pen pen, RenderTarget target)
+        public static StrokeStyle ToDirect2DStrokeStyle(this Perspex.Media.Pen pen, SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget target)
         {
             if (pen.DashStyle != null)
             {

src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/Renderer.cs → src/Windows/Perspex.Direct2D1/RenderTarget.cs

@@ -12,20 +12,20 @@ using DwFactory = SharpDX.DirectWrite.Factory;
 
 namespace Perspex.Direct2D1
 {
-    public class Renderer : RendererBase
+    public class RenderTarget : IRenderTarget
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// The render target.
         /// </summary>
-        private readonly RenderTarget _renderTarget;
+        private readonly SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget _renderTarget;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Renderer"/> class.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenderTarget"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="hwnd">The window handle.</param>
         /// <param name="width">The width of the window.</param>
         /// <param name="height">The height of the window.</param>
-        public Renderer(IntPtr hwnd, double width, double height)
+        public RenderTarget(IntPtr hwnd, double width, double height)
         {
             Direct2DFactory = PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<Factory>();
             DirectWriteFactory = PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<DwFactory>();
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Renderer"/> class.
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenderTarget"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="renderTarget">The render target.</param>
-        public Renderer(RenderTarget renderTarget)
+        public RenderTarget(SharpDX.Direct2D1.RenderTarget renderTarget)
         {
             Direct2DFactory = PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<Factory>();
             DirectWriteFactory = PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<DwFactory>();
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="width">The new width.</param>
         /// <param name="height">The new height.</param>
-        public override void Resize(int width, int height)
+        public void Resize(int width, int height)
         {
             WindowRenderTarget window = _renderTarget as WindowRenderTarget;
 
@@ -94,14 +94,13 @@ namespace Perspex.Direct2D1
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a drawing context for a rendering session.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="handle">The platform handle. Unused.</param>
         /// <returns>An <see cref="IDrawingContext"/>.</returns>
-        protected override IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext(IPlatformHandle handle)
+        public IDrawingContext CreateDrawingContext()
         {
             return new DrawingContext(_renderTarget, DirectWriteFactory);
         }
 
-        public override void Dispose()
+        public void Dispose()
         {
             _renderTarget.Dispose();
         }

src/Windows/Perspex.Win32/WindowImpl.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Win32
 
         public Action<RawInputEventArgs> Input { get; set; }
 
-        public Action<Rect, IPlatformHandle> Paint { get; set; }
+        public Action<Rect> Paint { get; set; }
 
         public Action<Size> Resized { get; set; }
 
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Win32
                         {
                             UnmanagedMethods.RECT r;
                             UnmanagedMethods.GetUpdateRect(_hwnd, out r, false);
-                            Paint(new Rect(r.left, r.top, r.right - r.left, r.bottom - r.top), Handle);
+                            Paint(new Rect(r.left, r.top, r.right - r.left, r.bottom - r.top));
                             UnmanagedMethods.EndPaint(_hwnd, ref ps);
                         }
                     }

tests/Perspex.Controls.UnitTests/ControlTests.cs

@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls.UnitTests
                 get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
             }
 
-            public IRenderer Renderer
+            public IRenderTarget RenderTarget
             {
                 get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
             }
 
-            public IRenderManager RenderManager
+            public IRenderQueueManager RenderQueueManager
             {
                 get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
             }

tests/Perspex.Controls.UnitTests/TestRoot.cs

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls.UnitTests
 
         public ILayoutManager LayoutManager => new Mock<ILayoutManager>().Object;
 
-        public IRenderer Renderer
+        public IRenderTarget RenderTarget
         {
             get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
         }
 
-        public IRenderManager RenderManager
+        public IRenderQueueManager RenderQueueManager
         {
             get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
         }

tests/Perspex.Controls.UnitTests/TopLevelTests.cs

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls.UnitTests
                 var target = new TestTopLevel(impl.Object);
                 completed.OnNext(Unit.Default);
 
-                var renderManagerMock = Mock.Get(PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<IRenderManager>());
+                var renderManagerMock = Mock.Get(PerspexLocator.Current.GetService<IRenderQueueManager>());
                 renderManagerMock.Verify(x => x.InvalidateRender(target));
             }
         }
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls.UnitTests
             var globalStyles = new Mock<IGlobalStyles>();
             var layoutManager = fixture.Create<ILayoutManager>();
             var renderInterface = fixture.Create<IPlatformRenderInterface>();
-            var renderManager = fixture.Create<IRenderManager>();
+            var renderManager = fixture.Create<IRenderQueueManager>();
             var windowImpl = new Mock<IWindowImpl>();
             var theme = new Styles();
 
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Controls.UnitTests
                 .Bind<ILayoutManager>().ToConstant(layoutManager)
                 .Bind<IPlatformRenderInterface>().ToConstant(renderInterface)
                 .Bind<IPlatformThreadingInterface>().ToConstant(new Mock<IPlatformThreadingInterface>().Object)
-                .Bind<IRenderManager>().ToConstant(renderManager)
+                .Bind<IRenderQueueManager>().ToConstant(renderManager)
                 .Bind<IStyler>().ToConstant(new Styler());
         }
 

tests/Perspex.Layout.UnitTests/FullLayoutTests.cs

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Layout.UnitTests
             var formattedText = fixture.Create<IFormattedTextImpl>();
             var globalStyles = new Mock<IGlobalStyles>();
             var renderInterface = fixture.Create<IPlatformRenderInterface>();
-            var renderManager = fixture.Create<IRenderManager>();
+            var renderManager = fixture.Create<IRenderQueueManager>();
             var theme = new DefaultTheme();
             var windowImpl = new Mock<IWindowImpl>();
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ namespace Perspex.Layout.UnitTests
                 .Bind<ILayoutManager>().ToConstant(new LayoutManager())
                 .Bind<IPlatformRenderInterface>().ToConstant(renderInterface)
                 .Bind<IPlatformThreadingInterface>().ToConstant(new Mock<IPlatformThreadingInterface>().Object)
-                .Bind<IRenderManager>().ToConstant(renderManager)
+                .Bind<IRenderQueueManager>().ToConstant(renderManager)
                 .Bind<IStyler>().ToConstant(new Styler())
                 .Bind<IWindowImpl>().ToConstant(windowImpl.Object);
         }

tests/Perspex.SceneGraph.UnitTests/TestRoot.cs

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ namespace Perspex.SceneGraph.UnitTests
 {
     public class TestRoot : TestVisual, IRenderRoot
     {
-        public IRenderer Renderer
+        public IRenderTarget RenderTarget
         {
             get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
         }
 
-        public IRenderManager RenderManager
+        public IRenderQueueManager RenderQueueManager
         {
             get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
         }