Introduced "forced" CSD mode without app opting in (#20976)

* Introduced "forced" CSD mode without app opting in

* C is for Consistency

* api diff

* [X11] Better handling of forced-vs-app-triggeed CSD

* Round WindowDrawnDecorations sizes to be pixel-aligned

api/Avalonia.nupkg.xml

@@ -2395,6 +2395,12 @@
     <Left>baseline/Avalonia/lib/net10.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Left>
     <Right>current/Avalonia/lib/net10.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Right>
   </Suppression>
+  <Suppression>
+    <DiagnosticId>CP0002</DiagnosticId>
+    <Target>M:Avalonia.Controls.Window.ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsChanged(System.Boolean)</Target>
+    <Left>baseline/Avalonia/lib/net10.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Left>
+    <Right>current/Avalonia/lib/net10.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Right>
+  </Suppression>
   <Suppression>
     <DiagnosticId>CP0002</DiagnosticId>
     <Target>M:Avalonia.Controls.Window.get_ExtendClientAreaChromeHints</Target>
@@ -4063,6 +4069,12 @@
     <Left>baseline/Avalonia/lib/net8.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Left>
     <Right>current/Avalonia/lib/net8.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Right>
   </Suppression>
+  <Suppression>
+    <DiagnosticId>CP0002</DiagnosticId>
+    <Target>M:Avalonia.Controls.Window.ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsChanged(System.Boolean)</Target>
+    <Left>baseline/Avalonia/lib/net8.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Left>
+    <Right>current/Avalonia/lib/net8.0/Avalonia.Controls.dll</Right>
+  </Suppression>
   <Suppression>
     <DiagnosticId>CP0002</DiagnosticId>
     <Target>M:Avalonia.Controls.Window.get_ExtendClientAreaChromeHints</Target>

src/Avalonia.Controls/Chrome/WindowDrawnDecorations.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using System;
 using Avalonia.Automation;
 using Avalonia.Controls.Metadata;
 using Avalonia.Controls.Primitives;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
 using Avalonia.LogicalTree;
 using Avalonia.Reactive;
 using Avalonia.Styling;
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ public class WindowDrawnDecorations : StyledElement
     private IDisposable? _windowSubscriptions;
     private Window? _hostWindow;
     private double _titleBarHeightOverride = -1;
+    private double _renderScaling = 1.0;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Raised when any property affecting the effective geometry changes
@@ -145,6 +147,22 @@ public class WindowDrawnDecorations : StyledElement
     /// </summary>
     internal event Action? EffectiveGeometryChanged;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the current render scaling factor used for pixel-aligning
+    /// decoration geometry (title bar height, frame/shadow thickness).
+    /// </summary>
+    internal double RenderScaling
+    {
+        get => _renderScaling;
+        set
+        {
+            if (_renderScaling == value)
+                return;
+            _renderScaling = value;
+            UpdateEffectiveGeometry();
+        }
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets or sets the decorations template.
     /// </summary>
@@ -559,16 +577,19 @@ public class WindowDrawnDecorations : StyledElement
 
     private void UpdateEffectiveGeometry()
     {
+        var scale = _renderScaling;
+
         TitleBarHeight = EnabledParts.HasFlag(DrawnWindowDecorationParts.TitleBar)
-            ? (TitleBarHeightOverride == -1 ? DefaultTitleBarHeight : TitleBarHeightOverride)
+            ? LayoutHelper.RoundLayoutValue(
+                TitleBarHeightOverride == -1 ? DefaultTitleBarHeight : TitleBarHeightOverride, scale)
             : 0;
 
         FrameThickness = EnabledParts.HasFlag(DrawnWindowDecorationParts.Border)
-            ? (FrameThicknessOverride ?? DefaultFrameThickness)
+            ? LayoutHelper.RoundLayoutThickness(FrameThicknessOverride ?? DefaultFrameThickness, scale)
             : default;
 
         ShadowThickness = EnabledParts.HasFlag(DrawnWindowDecorationParts.Shadow)
-            ? (ShadowThicknessOverride ?? DefaultShadowThickness)
+            ? LayoutHelper.RoundLayoutThickness(ShadowThicknessOverride ?? DefaultShadowThickness, scale)
             : default;
 
         EffectiveGeometryChanged?.Invoke();

src/Avalonia.Controls/PresentationSource/PresentationSource.RenderRoot.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Avalonia.Input;
 using System;
 using Avalonia.Layout;
 using Avalonia.Rendering;
@@ -7,7 +8,6 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls;
 
 internal partial class PresentationSource
 {
-    private readonly Func<Size> _clientSizeProvider;
     public CompositingRenderer Renderer { get; }
     IRenderer IPresentationSource.Renderer => Renderer;
     Visual IPresentationSource.RootVisual => RootVisual;
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ internal partial class PresentationSource
     public IHitTester? HitTesterOverride { get; set; }
     
     public double RenderScaling { get; private set; } = 1.0;
-
-    public Size ClientSize => _clientSizeProvider();
+    public Size ClientSize => PlatformImpl?.ClientSize ?? default;
     
     public void SceneInvalidated(object? sender, SceneInvalidatedEventArgs sceneInvalidatedEventArgs)
     {

src/Avalonia.Controls/PresentationSource/PresentationSource.cs

@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@ internal partial class PresentationSource : IPresentationSource, IInputRoot, IDi
 
     public PresentationSource(InputElement rootVisual, InputElement defaultFocusVisual,
         ITopLevelImpl platformImpl,
-        IAvaloniaDependencyResolver dependencyResolver, Func<Size> clientSizeProvider)
+        IAvaloniaDependencyResolver dependencyResolver)
     {
-        _clientSizeProvider = clientSizeProvider;
-
         PlatformImpl = platformImpl;
 
 

src/Avalonia.Controls/TopLevel.cs

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             LogicalChildren.Add(hostVisual);
 
             _source = new PresentationSource(hostVisual, this,
-                impl, dependencyResolver, () => ClientSize);
+                impl, dependencyResolver);
             _source.Renderer.SceneInvalidated += SceneInvalidated;
 
             _scaling = LayoutHelper.ValidateScaling(impl.RenderScaling);

src/Avalonia.Controls/TopLevelHost.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using Avalonia.Automation.Peers;
 using Avalonia.Controls.Chrome;
 using Avalonia.Input;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
 using Avalonia.LogicalTree;
 using Avalonia.Reactive;
 
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls;
 /// </summary>
 internal partial class TopLevelHost : Control
 {
+    private Thickness _decorationInset;
+
     static TopLevelHost()
     {
         KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigationProperty.OverrideDefaultValue<TopLevelHost>(KeyboardNavigationMode.Cycle);
@@ -25,5 +28,89 @@ internal partial class TopLevelHost : Control
         VisualChildren.Add(tl);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets or sets the decoration inset applied to the TopLevel child in forced decoration mode.
+    /// When non-zero, the TopLevel is measured and arranged within the inset area while
+    /// decoration layers use the full available size.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal Thickness DecorationInset
+    {
+        get => _decorationInset;
+        set
+        {
+            if (_decorationInset == value)
+                return;
+            _decorationInset = value;
+            InvalidateMeasure();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size availableSize)
+    {
+        var inset = _decorationInset;
+        var hasInset = inset != default;
+        var desiredSize = default(Size);
+
+        foreach (var child in VisualChildren)
+        {
+            if (child is Layoutable l)
+            {
+                if (hasInset && ReferenceEquals(child, _topLevel))
+                {
+                    // In forced mode, measure the TopLevel with reduced size
+                    var contentSize = new Size(
+                        Math.Max(0, availableSize.Width - inset.Left - inset.Right),
+                        Math.Max(0, availableSize.Height - inset.Top - inset.Bottom));
+                    l.Measure(contentSize);
+
+                    // Add inset back so TopLevelHost's desired size represents the full frame.
+                    // This ensures ArrangeOverride receives the full frame size and can correctly
+                    // position the TopLevel within the inset area.
+                    desiredSize = new Size(
+                        Math.Max(desiredSize.Width, l.DesiredSize.Width + inset.Left + inset.Right),
+                        Math.Max(desiredSize.Height, l.DesiredSize.Height + inset.Top + inset.Bottom));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    l.Measure(availableSize);
+
+                    desiredSize = new Size(
+                        Math.Max(desiredSize.Width, l.DesiredSize.Width),
+                        Math.Max(desiredSize.Height, l.DesiredSize.Height));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return desiredSize;
+    }
+
+    protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
+    {
+        var inset = _decorationInset;
+        var hasInset = inset != default;
+
+        foreach (var child in VisualChildren)
+        {
+            if (child is Layoutable l)
+            {
+                if (hasInset && ReferenceEquals(child, _topLevel))
+                {
+                    // In forced mode, arrange the TopLevel within the inset area
+                    var contentSize = new Size(
+                        Math.Max(0, finalSize.Width - inset.Left - inset.Right),
+                        Math.Max(0, finalSize.Height - inset.Top - inset.Bottom));
+                    
+                    l.Arrange(new Rect(inset.Left, inset.Top, contentSize.Width, contentSize.Height));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    l.Arrange(new Rect(finalSize));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return finalSize;
+    }
+
     protected override bool BypassFlowDirectionPolicies => true;
 }

src/Avalonia.Controls/Window.cs

@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         private Thickness _offScreenMargin;
         private bool _canHandleResized = false;
         private Size _arrangeBounds;
+        private bool _isForcedDecorationMode;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Defines the <see cref="SizeToContent"/> property.
@@ -249,7 +250,11 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             impl.WindowStateChanged = HandleWindowStateChanged;
             _maxPlatformClientSize = PlatformImpl?.MaxAutoSizeHint ?? default(Size);
             impl.ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsChanged = ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsChanged;
-            this.GetObservable(ClientSizeProperty).Skip(1).Subscribe(x => PlatformImpl?.Resize(x, WindowResizeReason.Application));
+            this.GetObservable(ClientSizeProperty).Skip(1).Subscribe(x =>
+            {
+                ResizePlatformImpl(x, WindowResizeReason.Application);
+            });
+            ScalingChanged += OnScalingChangedUpdateDecorations;
 
             CreatePlatformImplBinding(TitleProperty, title => PlatformImpl!.SetTitle(title));
             CreatePlatformImplBinding(IconProperty, SetEffectiveIcon);
@@ -668,7 +673,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             UpdateDrawnDecorationParts();
         }
 
-        protected virtual void ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsChanged(bool isExtended)
+        private void ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsChanged(bool isExtended)
         {
             IsExtendedIntoWindowDecorations = isExtended;
             OffScreenMargin = PlatformImpl?.OffScreenMargin ?? default;
@@ -679,6 +684,10 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         private void UpdateDrawnDecorations()
         {
             var parts = ComputeDecorationParts();
+            
+            // Detect forced mode: platform needs managed decorations but app hasn't opted in
+            _isForcedDecorationMode = parts != null && !IsExtendedIntoWindowDecorations;
+
             TopLevelHost.UpdateDrawnDecorations(parts, WindowState);
 
             if (parts != null)
@@ -687,6 +696,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
                 var decorations = TopLevelHost.Decorations;
                 if (decorations != null)
                 {
+                    decorations.RenderScaling = RenderScaling;
+
                     var hint = ExtendClientAreaTitleBarHeightHint;
                     if (hint >= 0)
                         decorations.TitleBarHeightOverride = hint;
@@ -696,6 +707,13 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             UpdateDrawnDecorationMargins();
         }
 
+        private void OnScalingChangedUpdateDecorations(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var decorations = TopLevelHost.Decorations;
+            if (decorations != null)
+                decorations.RenderScaling = RenderScaling;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Updates decoration parts based on current window state without
         /// re-creating the decorations instance.
@@ -753,7 +771,9 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             var decorations = TopLevelHost.Decorations;
             if (decorations == null)
             {
+                // Only use platform margins if drawn decorations are not active
                 WindowDecorationMargin = PlatformImpl?.ExtendedMargins ?? default;
+                TopLevelHost.DecorationInset = default;
                 return;
             }
 
@@ -764,11 +784,25 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
                 ? decorations.FrameThickness : default;
             var shadow = parts.HasFlag(Chrome.DrawnWindowDecorationParts.Shadow)
                 ? decorations.ShadowThickness : default;
-            WindowDecorationMargin = new Thickness(
+            var margin = new Thickness(
                 frame.Left + shadow.Left,
                 titleBarHeight + frame.Top + shadow.Top,
                 frame.Right + shadow.Right,
                 frame.Bottom + shadow.Bottom);
+
+            if (_isForcedDecorationMode)
+            {
+                // In forced mode, app is unaware of decorations.
+                // TopLevelHost insets the Window child; WindowDecorationMargin stays zero.
+                WindowDecorationMargin = default;
+                TopLevelHost.DecorationInset = margin;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // In extended mode, app handles the margin itself.
+                WindowDecorationMargin = margin;
+                TopLevelHost.DecorationInset = default;
+            }
         }
 
         private void OnTitleBarHeightHintChanged()
@@ -933,6 +967,15 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
                 // Enable drawn decorations before layout so margins are computed
                 UpdateDrawnDecorations();
                 
+                // In forced mode, adjust ClientSize to reflect usable content area
+                if (_isForcedDecorationMode)
+                {
+                    var inset = TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+                    ClientSize = new Size(
+                        Math.Max(0, ClientSize.Width - inset.Left - inset.Right),
+                        Math.Max(0, ClientSize.Height - inset.Top - inset.Bottom));
+                }
+                
                 _shown = true;
                 IsVisible = true;
 
@@ -978,10 +1021,18 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
                 DesktopScalingOverride = null;
 
-                if (clientSizeChanged || ClientSize != PlatformImpl?.ClientSize)
+                // In forced mode, compare against adjusted platform size
+                var platformClientSize = PlatformImpl?.ClientSize ?? default;
+                var comparableClientSize = _isForcedDecorationMode
+                    ? new Size(
+                        Math.Max(0, platformClientSize.Width - TopLevelHost.DecorationInset.Left - TopLevelHost.DecorationInset.Right),
+                        Math.Max(0, platformClientSize.Height - TopLevelHost.DecorationInset.Top - TopLevelHost.DecorationInset.Bottom))
+                    : platformClientSize;
+
+                if (clientSizeChanged || ClientSize != comparableClientSize)
                 {
                     // Previously it was called before ExecuteInitialLayoutPass
-                    PlatformImpl?.Resize(ClientSize, WindowResizeReason.Layout);
+                    ResizePlatformImpl(ClientSize, WindowResizeReason.Layout);
 
                     // we do not want PlatformImpl?.Resize to trigger HandleResized yet because it will set Width and Height.
                     // So perform some important actions from HandleResized
@@ -1037,6 +1088,22 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             }
         }
 
+        private void ResizePlatformImpl(Size size, WindowResizeReason reason)
+        {
+            // In forced mode, add decoration inset so platform gets full frame size
+            if (_isForcedDecorationMode)
+            {
+                var inset = TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+                size = new Size(
+                    size.Width + inset.Left + inset.Right,
+                    size.Height + inset.Top + inset.Bottom);
+                if (PlatformImpl?.ClientSize != size)
+                    PlatformImpl?.Resize(size, reason);
+            }
+            else
+                PlatformImpl?.Resize(size, reason);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Shows the window as a dialog.
         /// </summary>
@@ -1272,6 +1339,14 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         {
             var sizeToContent = SizeToContent;
             var clientSize = ClientSize;
+            if (_isForcedDecorationMode)
+            {
+                clientSize = PlatformImpl?.ClientSize ?? clientSize;
+                var inset = TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+                clientSize = new Size(
+                    Math.Max(0, clientSize.Width - inset.Left - inset.Right),
+                    Math.Max(0, clientSize.Height - inset.Top - inset.Bottom));
+            }
             var maxAutoSize = PlatformImpl?.MaxAutoSizeHint ?? Size.Infinity;
             var useAutoWidth = sizeToContent.HasAllFlags(SizeToContent.Width);
             var useAutoHeight = sizeToContent.HasAllFlags(SizeToContent.Height);
@@ -1332,7 +1407,9 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         {
             _arrangeBounds = size;
             if (_canHandleResized)
-                PlatformImpl?.Resize(size, WindowResizeReason.Layout);
+            {
+                ResizePlatformImpl(size, WindowResizeReason.Layout);
+            }
             return ClientSize;
         }
 
@@ -1350,6 +1427,16 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         internal override void HandleResized(Size clientSize, WindowResizeReason reason)
         {
+            // In forced decoration mode, the platform's clientSize includes decoration area.
+            // Subtract the decoration inset so Window.ClientSize reflects the usable content area.
+            if (_isForcedDecorationMode)
+            {
+                var inset = TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+                clientSize = new Size(
+                    Math.Max(0, clientSize.Width - inset.Left - inset.Right),
+                    Math.Max(0, clientSize.Height - inset.Top - inset.Bottom));
+            }
+
             if (_canHandleResized && (ClientSize != clientSize || double.IsNaN(Width) || double.IsNaN(Height)))
             {
                 var sizeToContent = SizeToContent;

src/Avalonia.Controls/WindowBase.cs

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         {
             var constraint = ArrangeSetBounds(finalRect.Size);
             var arrangeSize = ArrangeOverride(constraint);
-            Bounds = new Rect(arrangeSize);
+            Bounds = new Rect(finalRect.Position, arrangeSize);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Avalonia.X11/X11Platform.cs

@@ -482,13 +482,32 @@ namespace Avalonia
             , Message = "Experimental, used mostly for testing"
             #endif
             )]
-        public bool? EnableDrawnDecorations
-        {
-            get => EnableDrawnDecorationsInternal;
-            set => EnableDrawnDecorationsInternal = value;
-        }
+        public bool? EnableDrawnDecorations { get; set; }
+        
+        internal bool EnableDrawnDecorationsInternal =>
+#pragma warning disable AVALONIA_X11_CSD
+            EnableDrawnDecorations == true || ForceDrawnDecorationsInternal;
+#pragma warning restore AVALONIA_X11_CSD
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Forces client-side drawn window decorations on X11 for all windows,
+        /// even when the app has not opted in via ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsHint.
+        /// In this mode, Window.ClientSize reflects the usable content area
+        /// (platform client size minus decoration margins) and the app is unaware
+        /// of the decorations.
+        /// Implies EnableDrawnDecorations = true.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Experimental("AVALONIA_X11_FORCE_CSD"
+            #if NET10_0_OR_GREATER
+            , Message = "Experimental, used mostly for testing"
+            #endif
+            )]
+        public bool ForceDrawnDecorations { get; set; }
 
-        internal bool? EnableDrawnDecorationsInternal { get; set; }
+#pragma warning disable AVALONIA_X11_FORCE_CSD
+        internal bool ForceDrawnDecorationsInternal => ForceDrawnDecorations;
+#pragma warning restore AVALONIA_X11_FORCE_CSD
 
         /// <summary>
         /// If Avalonia is in control of a run loop, we propagate exceptions by stopping the run loop frame

src/Avalonia.X11/X11Window.cs

@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.X11
                 mouse.Position = mouse.Position / RenderScaling;
                 
                 // Chrome hit-test for drawn decorations
-                if (_extendClientAreaToDecorations 
+                if (UseManagedDecorations
                     && mouse.Type == RawPointerEventType.LeftButtonDown
                     && _inputRoot is { } inputRoot)
                 {
@@ -1187,8 +1187,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.X11
 
         private void UpdateEffectiveSystemDecorations()
         {
-            // When extending client area, always hide WM decorations (we draw our own)
-            var effective = _extendClientAreaToDecorations
+            // When extending client area or forcing drawn decorations, always hide WM decorations (we draw our own)
+            var effective = UseManagedDecorations
                 ? WindowDecorations.None
                 : (_requestedWindowDecorations == WindowDecorations.Full
                     ? WindowDecorations.Full
@@ -1509,17 +1509,18 @@ namespace Avalonia.X11
             }
         }
 
-        private bool _extendClientAreaToDecorations;
+        private bool _extendingClientAreaToDecorations;
+        private bool UseManagedDecorations => _extendingClientAreaToDecorations || _platform.Options.ForceDrawnDecorationsInternal;
 
         public void SetExtendClientAreaToDecorationsHint(bool extendIntoClientAreaHint)
         {
-            if (_platform.Options.EnableDrawnDecorationsInternal != true)
+            if (!_platform.Options.EnableDrawnDecorationsInternal)
                 return;
 
-            if (_extendClientAreaToDecorations == extendIntoClientAreaHint)
+            if (_extendingClientAreaToDecorations == extendIntoClientAreaHint)
                 return;
 
-            _extendClientAreaToDecorations = extendIntoClientAreaHint;
+            _extendingClientAreaToDecorations = extendIntoClientAreaHint;
             UpdateEffectiveSystemDecorations();
 
             IsClientAreaExtendedToDecorations = extendIntoClientAreaHint;
@@ -1606,10 +1607,10 @@ namespace Avalonia.X11
 
         public AcrylicPlatformCompensationLevels AcrylicCompensationLevels { get; } = new AcrylicPlatformCompensationLevels(1, 0.8, 0.8);
 
-        public bool NeedsManagedDecorations => _extendClientAreaToDecorations;
+        public bool NeedsManagedDecorations => UseManagedDecorations;
 
         public PlatformRequestedDrawnDecoration RequestedDrawnDecorations =>
-            _extendClientAreaToDecorations
+            UseManagedDecorations
                 ? PlatformRequestedDrawnDecoration.Border
                   | PlatformRequestedDrawnDecoration.ResizeGrips
                   | PlatformRequestedDrawnDecoration.TitleBar

src/Windows/Avalonia.Win32/WindowImpl.cs

@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Win32
         {
             if (!_shown)
             {
+                ExtendClientAreaToDecorationsChanged?.Invoke(_isClientAreaExtended);
                 return;
             }
 

tests/Avalonia.Controls.UnitTests/WindowTests.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Reactive.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Avalonia.Controls.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Media;
 using Avalonia.Platform;
 using Avalonia.Threading;
@@ -1164,6 +1165,236 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls.UnitTests
             }
         }
 
+        public class ForcedDecorationSizingTests : ScopedTestBase
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Creates a mock IWindowImpl that simulates forced CSD mode:
+            /// NeedsManagedDecorations = true, RequestedDrawnDecorations includes TitleBar + Border,
+            /// but IsClientAreaExtendedToDecorations = false.
+            /// </summary>
+            private static Mock<IWindowImpl> CreateForcedCsdWindowMock(
+                double initialWidth = 800, double initialHeight = 600)
+            {
+                var windowImpl = MockWindowingPlatform.CreateWindowMock(initialWidth, initialHeight);
+
+                windowImpl.Setup(x => x.NeedsManagedDecorations).Returns(true);
+                windowImpl.Setup(x => x.RequestedDrawnDecorations).Returns(
+                    PlatformRequestedDrawnDecoration.TitleBar | PlatformRequestedDrawnDecoration.Border);
+
+                return windowImpl;
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void ClientSize_Should_Exclude_Decoration_Inset()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.Manual,
+                    };
+
+                    // Verify mock setup
+                    Assert.True(windowImpl.Object.NeedsManagedDecorations);
+                    
+                    target.Show();
+
+                    var host = target.TopLevelHost;
+                    var decorations = host.Decorations;
+
+                    // Debug: verify decorations were created
+                    Assert.NotNull(decorations);
+                    Assert.True(decorations!.TitleBarHeight > 0, 
+                        $"TitleBarHeight was {decorations.TitleBarHeight}");
+                    
+                    var inset = host.DecorationInset;
+                    Assert.NotEqual(default, inset);
+
+                    var expectedClientSize = new Size(
+                        800 - inset.Left - inset.Right,
+                        600 - inset.Top - inset.Bottom);
+                    Assert.Equal(expectedClientSize, target.ClientSize);
+                }
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void WindowDecorationMargin_Should_Be_Zero_In_Forced_Mode()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.Manual,
+                    };
+
+                    target.Show();
+
+                    Assert.Equal(default(Thickness), target.WindowDecorationMargin);
+                }
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void HandleResized_Should_Subtract_Inset_From_Platform_Size()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.Manual,
+                    };
+
+                    target.Show();
+
+                    var inset = target.TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+
+                    // Simulate a platform resize (e.g. user resize)
+                    target.PlatformImpl!.Resized!.Invoke(new Size(1000, 700), WindowResizeReason.User);
+
+                    var expectedClientSize = new Size(
+                        1000 - inset.Left - inset.Right,
+                        700 - inset.Top - inset.Bottom);
+                    Assert.Equal(expectedClientSize, target.ClientSize);
+                }
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void Setting_Width_Should_Resize_WindowImpl_With_Inset_Added()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        Width = 400,
+                        Height = 300,
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.Manual,
+                    };
+
+                    target.Show();
+
+                    var inset = target.TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+
+                    target.Width = 500;
+                    target.LayoutManager.ExecuteLayoutPass();
+
+                    // Platform should receive full frame size (content + inset)
+                    var expectedPlatformSize = new Size(
+                        500 + inset.Left + inset.Right,
+                        300 + inset.Top + inset.Bottom);
+                    windowImpl.Verify(x => x.Resize(expectedPlatformSize, WindowResizeReason.Layout));
+                }
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void Child_Should_Be_Measured_With_Content_Size()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var child = new ChildControl();
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        Width = 400,
+                        Height = 300,
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.Manual,
+                        Content = child,
+                    };
+
+                    target.Show();
+
+                    Assert.Equal(1, child.MeasureSizes.Count);
+                    Assert.Equal(new Size(400, 300), child.MeasureSizes[0]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void Width_Height_Should_Not_Be_NaN_After_Show()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.Manual,
+                    };
+
+                    target.Show();
+
+                    Assert.False(double.IsNaN(target.Width));
+                    Assert.False(double.IsNaN(target.Height));
+
+                    var inset = target.TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+                    Assert.Equal(800 - inset.Left - inset.Right, target.Width);
+                    Assert.Equal(600 - inset.Top - inset.Bottom, target.Height);
+                }
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void SizeToContent_Should_Work_In_Forced_Mode()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var child = new Canvas
+                    {
+                        Width = 400,
+                        Height = 300,
+                    };
+
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.WidthAndHeight,
+                        Content = child,
+                    };
+
+                    target.Show();
+
+                    Assert.Equal(400, target.Width);
+                    Assert.Equal(300, target.Height);
+                    Assert.Equal(SizeToContent.WidthAndHeight, target.SizeToContent);
+                }
+            }
+
+            [Fact]
+            public void User_Resize_Should_Reset_SizeToContent()
+            {
+                using (UnitTestApplication.Start(TestServices.StyledWindow))
+                {
+                    var windowImpl = CreateForcedCsdWindowMock();
+                    var child = new Canvas
+                    {
+                        Width = 400,
+                        Height = 300,
+                    };
+
+                    var target = new Window(windowImpl.Object)
+                    {
+                        SizeToContent = SizeToContent.WidthAndHeight,
+                        Content = child,
+                    };
+
+                    target.Show();
+                    Assert.Equal(400, target.Width);
+                    Assert.Equal(300, target.Height);
+
+                    var inset = target.TopLevelHost.DecorationInset;
+                    // Platform fires resize with full frame size
+                    var newPlatformWidth = 500 + inset.Left + inset.Right;
+                    var newPlatformHeight = 300 + inset.Top + inset.Bottom;
+                    windowImpl.Object.Resized?.Invoke(
+                        new Size(newPlatformWidth, newPlatformHeight),
+                        WindowResizeReason.User);
+
+                    Assert.Equal(500, target.Width);
+                    Assert.Equal(300, target.Height);
+                    Assert.Equal(SizeToContent.Height, target.SizeToContent);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         private static Mock<IWindowImpl> CreateImpl()
         {
             var screen1 = new MockScreen(1.75, new PixelRect(new PixelSize(1920, 1080)), new PixelRect(new PixelSize(1920, 966)), true);