diff --git a/samples/ControlCatalog/Pages/AcrylicPage.xaml b/samples/ControlCatalog/Pages/AcrylicPage.xaml
index 4fd0933879..1b92271de0 100644
--- a/samples/ControlCatalog/Pages/AcrylicPage.xaml
+++ b/samples/ControlCatalog/Pages/AcrylicPage.xaml
@@ -55,9 +55,10 @@
       </Grid>
     </ExperimentalAcrylicBorder>
 
+    <ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Visible" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Visible" Height="200">
+      
     <UniformGrid x:Name="BordersGrid"
                  HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
-                 MaxWidth="660"
                  Columns="3">
       <UniformGrid.Styles>
         <Style Selector="ExperimentalAcrylicBorder">
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@
       </ExperimentalAcrylicBorder>
 
     </UniformGrid>
+    </ScrollViewer>
 
 
     <ExperimentalAcrylicBorder Width="{Binding #BordersGrid.Bounds.Width}"
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Controls/Utils/RealizedGridElements.cs b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Utils/RealizedGridElements.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17ee76cbd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Utils/RealizedGridElements.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Avalonia.Utilities;
+
+namespace Avalonia.Controls.Utils
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stores the realized element state for a virtualizing panel that arranges its children
+    /// in a stack layout, such as <see cref="VirtualizingUniformGrid"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class RealizedGridElements
+    {
+        private int _firstIndex;
+        private List<Control?>? _elements;
+        private List<Size>? _sizes;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the number of realized elements.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Count => _elements?.Count ?? 0;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the index of the first realized element, or -1 if no elements are realized.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int FirstIndex => _elements?.Count > 0 ? _firstIndex : -1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the index of the last realized element, or -1 if no elements are realized.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int LastIndex => _elements?.Count > 0 ? _firstIndex + _elements.Count - 1 : -1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the elements.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IReadOnlyList<Control?> Elements => _elements ??= new List<Control?>();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the sizes of the elements on the primary axis.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IReadOnlyList<Size> Sizes => _sizes ??= new List<Size>();
+
+        public int RowCount { get; set; }
+        public int ColumnCount { get; set; }
+        public int FirstColumn { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a newly realized element to the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index of the element.</param>
+        /// <param name="element">The element.</param>
+        /// <param name="size">The coordinates of the element.</param>
+        public void Add(int index, Control element, Size size)
+        {
+            if (index < 0)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+
+            _elements ??= new List<Control?>();
+            _sizes ??= new List<Size>();
+
+            if (Count == 0)
+            {
+                _elements.Add(element);
+                _sizes.Add(size);
+                _firstIndex = index;
+            }
+            else if (index == LastIndex + 1)
+            {
+                _elements.Add(element);
+                _sizes.Add(size);
+            }
+            else if (index == FirstIndex - 1)
+            {
+                --_firstIndex;
+                _elements.Insert(0, element);
+                _sizes.Insert(0, size);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new NotSupportedException("Can only add items to the beginning or end of realized elements.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the element at the specified index, if realized.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index in the source collection of the element to get.</param>
+        /// <returns>The element if realized; otherwise null.</returns>
+        public Control? GetElement(int index)
+        {
+            var i = index - FirstIndex;
+            if (i >= 0 && i < _elements?.Count)
+                return _elements[i];
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or estimates the index and start U position of the anchor element for the
+        /// specified viewport.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="viewportStart">The position of the start of the viewport.</param>
+        /// <param name="viewportEnd">The position of the end of the viewport.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemCount">The number of items in the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="estimatedElementSize">The current estimated element size.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A tuple containing:
+        /// - The index of the anchor element, or -1 if an anchor could not be determined
+        /// - The U position of the start of the anchor element, if determined
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method tries to find an existing element in the specified viewport from which
+        /// element realization can start. Failing that it estimates the first element in the
+        /// viewport.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public (int index, Vector coord, Vector lastCoord) GetOrEstimateAnchorElementForViewport(
+            Point viewportStart,
+            Point viewportEnd,
+            int itemCount,
+            ref Size estimatedElementSize)
+        {
+            // We have no elements, nothing to do here.
+            if (itemCount <= 0)
+                return (-1, Vector.Zero, Vector.Zero);
+
+            if (_sizes is not null)
+            {
+                var maxWidth = _sizes.Max(x => x.Width);
+                var maxHeight = _sizes.Max(x => x.Height);
+
+                estimatedElementSize = new Size(maxWidth, maxHeight);
+            }
+
+            var MaxWidth = ColumnCount * estimatedElementSize.Width;
+            var MaxHeight = RowCount * estimatedElementSize.Height;
+
+            var x = Math.Min((int)(Math.Min(viewportStart.X, MaxWidth) / estimatedElementSize.Width), ColumnCount);
+            var y = Math.Min((int)(Math.Min(viewportStart.Y, MaxHeight) / estimatedElementSize.Height), RowCount);
+
+            var lastY = Math.Min((int)(Math.Min(viewportEnd.Y, MaxHeight) / estimatedElementSize.Height), RowCount);
+            var lastX = lastY > 0 ? ColumnCount : Math.Min((int)(Math.Min(viewportEnd.X, MaxWidth) / estimatedElementSize.Width), ColumnCount);
+
+            return (Math.Max(y * ColumnCount + x - FirstColumn, 0), new Vector(x, y), new Vector(lastX, lastY));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the position of the element with the requested index on the primary axis, if realized.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The position of the element, or NaN if the element is not realized.
+        /// </returns>
+        public Vector GetElementCoord(int index)
+        {
+            var div = Math.DivRem(index + FirstColumn, ColumnCount, out int rem);
+
+            return new Vector(rem, div);
+
+        }
+
+        public Vector GetOrEstimateElementU(int index)
+        {
+           return GetElementCoord(index);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the index of the specified element.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="element">The element.</param>
+        /// <returns>The index or -1 if the element is not present in the collection.</returns>
+        public int GetIndex(Control element)
+        {
+            return _elements?.IndexOf(element) is int index && index >= 0 ? index + FirstIndex : -1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the elements in response to items being inserted into the source collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index in the source collection of the insert.</param>
+        /// <param name="count">The number of items inserted.</param>
+        /// <param name="updateElementIndex">A method used to update the element indexes.</param>
+        public void ItemsInserted(int index, int count, Action<Control, int, int> updateElementIndex)
+        {
+            if (index < 0)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+            if (_elements is null || _elements.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            // Get the index within the realized _elements collection.
+            var first = FirstIndex;
+            var realizedIndex = index - first;
+
+            if (realizedIndex < Count)
+            {
+                // The insertion point affects the realized elements. Update the index of the
+                // elements after the insertion point.
+                var elementCount = _elements.Count;
+                var start = Math.Max(realizedIndex, 0);
+                var newIndex = realizedIndex + count;
+
+                for (var i = start; i < elementCount; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (_elements[i] is Control element)
+                        updateElementIndex(element, newIndex - count, newIndex);
+                    ++newIndex;
+                }
+
+                if (realizedIndex < 0)
+                {
+                    // The insertion point was before the first element, update the first index.
+                    _firstIndex += count;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // The insertion point was within the realized elements, insert an empty space
+                    // in _elements and _sizes.
+                    _elements!.InsertMany(realizedIndex, null, count);
+                    _sizes!.InsertMany(realizedIndex, Size.Infinity, count);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the elements in response to items being removed from the source collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index in the source collection of the remove.</param>
+        /// <param name="count">The number of items removed.</param>
+        /// <param name="updateElementIndex">A method used to update the element indexes.</param>
+        /// <param name="recycleElement">A method used to recycle elements.</param>
+        public void ItemsRemoved(
+            int index,
+            int count,
+            Action<Control, int, int> updateElementIndex,
+            Action<Control> recycleElement)
+        {
+            if (index < 0)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
+            if (_elements is null || _elements.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            // Get the removal start and end index within the realized _elements collection.
+            var first = FirstIndex;
+            var last = LastIndex;
+            var startIndex = index - first;
+            var endIndex = (index + count) - first;
+
+            if (endIndex < 0)
+            {
+                // The removed range was before the realized elements. Update the first index and
+                // the indexes of the realized elements.
+                _firstIndex -= count;
+
+                var newIndex = _firstIndex;
+                for (var i = 0; i < _elements.Count; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (_elements[i] is Control element)
+                        updateElementIndex(element, newIndex - count, newIndex);
+                    ++newIndex;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (startIndex < _elements.Count)
+            {
+                // Recycle and remove the affected elements.
+                var start = Math.Max(startIndex, 0);
+                var end = Math.Min(endIndex, _elements.Count);
+
+                for (var i = start; i < end; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (_elements[i] is Control element)
+                    {
+                        _elements[i] = null;
+                        recycleElement(element);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _elements.RemoveRange(start, end - start);
+                _sizes!.RemoveRange(start, end - start);
+
+                // If the remove started before and ended within our realized elements, then our new
+                // first index will be the index where the remove started. Mark StartU as unstable
+                // because we can't rely on it now to estimate element heights.
+                if (startIndex <= 0 && end < last)
+                {
+                    _firstIndex = first = index;
+                }
+
+                // Update the indexes of the elements after the removed range.
+                end = _elements.Count;
+                var newIndex = first + start;
+                for (var i = start; i < end; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (_elements[i] is Control element)
+                        updateElementIndex(element, newIndex + count, newIndex);
+                    ++newIndex;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Recycles all elements in response to the source collection being reset.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="recycleElement">A method used to recycle elements.</param>
+        public void ItemsReset(Action<Control> recycleElement)
+        {
+            if (_elements is null || _elements.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < _elements.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (_elements[i] is Control e)
+                {
+                    _elements[i] = null;
+                    recycleElement(e);
+                }
+            }
+            _elements?.Clear();
+            _sizes?.Clear();
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Recycles elements before a specific index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index in the source collection of new first element.</param>
+        /// <param name="recycleElement">A method used to recycle elements.</param>
+        public void RecycleElementsBefore(int index, Action<Control, int> recycleElement)
+        {
+            if (index <= FirstIndex || _elements is null || _elements.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            if (index > LastIndex)
+            {
+                RecycleAllElements(recycleElement);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var endIndex = index - FirstIndex;
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < endIndex; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (_elements[i] is Control e)
+                    {
+                        _elements[i] = null;
+                        recycleElement(e, i + FirstIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _elements.RemoveRange(0, endIndex);
+                _sizes!.RemoveRange(0, endIndex);
+                _firstIndex = index;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Recycles elements after a specific index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index in the source collection of new last element.</param>
+        /// <param name="recycleElement">A method used to recycle elements.</param>
+        public void RecycleElementsAfter(int index, Action<Control, int> recycleElement)
+        {
+            if (index >= LastIndex || _elements is null || _elements.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            if (index < FirstIndex)
+            {
+                RecycleAllElements(recycleElement);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var startIndex = (index + 1) - FirstIndex;
+                var count = _elements.Count;
+
+                for (var i = startIndex; i < count; ++i)
+                {
+                    if (_elements[i] is Control e)
+                    {
+                        _elements[i] = null;
+                        recycleElement(e, i + FirstIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _elements.RemoveRange(startIndex, _elements.Count - startIndex);
+                _sizes!.RemoveRange(startIndex, _sizes.Count - startIndex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void RecycleElement(int index, Action<Control, int> recycleElement)
+        {
+            if (index >= LastIndex || _elements is null || _elements.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            var startIndex = index - FirstIndex;
+            var count = 1;
+
+            for (var i = startIndex; i < count; ++i)
+            {
+                if (_elements[i] is Control e)
+                {
+                    _elements[i] = null;
+                    recycleElement(e, i + FirstIndex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            _elements.RemoveRange(startIndex, 1);
+            _sizes!.RemoveRange(startIndex, 1);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Recycles all realized elements.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="recycleElement">A method used to recycle elements.</param>
+        public void RecycleAllElements(Action<Control, int> recycleElement)
+        {
+            if (_elements is null || _elements.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < _elements.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (_elements[i] is Control e)
+                {
+                    _elements[i] = null;
+                    recycleElement(e, i + FirstIndex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            _elements?.Clear();
+            _sizes?.Clear();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resets the element list and prepares it for reuse.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void ResetForReuse()
+        {
+            _elements?.Clear();
+            _sizes?.Clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Controls/VirtualizingUniformGrid.cs b/src/Avalonia.Controls/VirtualizingUniformGrid.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..828afbc262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Controls/VirtualizingUniformGrid.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.Specialized;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection.Emit;
+using Avalonia.Controls.Utils;
+using Avalonia.Input;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Utilities;
+using Avalonia.VisualTree;
+
+namespace Avalonia.Controls
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A <see cref="VirtualizingPanel"/> with uniform column and row sizes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class VirtualizingUniformGrid : VirtualizingPanel
+    {
+        private static readonly Rect s_invalidViewport = new(double.PositiveInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, 0, 0);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Defines the <see cref="Rows"/> property.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static readonly StyledProperty<int> RowsProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<VirtualizingUniformGrid, int>(nameof(Rows));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Defines the <see cref="Columns"/> property.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static readonly StyledProperty<int> ColumnsProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<VirtualizingUniformGrid, int>(nameof(Columns));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Defines the <see cref="FirstColumn"/> property.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static readonly StyledProperty<int> FirstColumnProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<VirtualizingUniformGrid, int>(nameof(FirstColumn));
+
+        private static readonly AttachedProperty<object?> RecycleKeyProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.RegisterAttached<VirtualizingStackPanel, Control, object?>("RecycleKey");
+
+        private readonly Action<Control, int> _recycleElement;
+        private readonly Action<Control> _recycleElementOnItemRemoved;
+        private readonly Action<Control, int, int> _updateElementIndex;
+        private int _rows;
+        private int _columns;
+        private int _scrollToIndex = -1;
+        private Control? _scrollToElement;
+        private bool _isInLayout;
+        private bool _isWaitingForViewportUpdate;
+        private RealizedGridElements? _measureElements;
+        private RealizedGridElements? _realizedElements;
+        private ScrollViewer? _scrollViewer;
+        private Rect _viewport = s_invalidViewport;
+        private Dictionary<object, Stack<Control>>? _recyclePool;
+        private Control? _unrealizedFocusedElement;
+        private int _unrealizedFocusedIndex = -1;
+        private object s_itemIsItsOwnContainer = new object();
+        private Size _lastEstimatedElementSize = new Size(25, 25);
+        private MeasureViewport _measuredViewport;
+
+        static VirtualizingUniformGrid()
+        {
+            AffectsMeasure<VirtualizingUniformGrid>(RowsProperty, ColumnsProperty, FirstColumnProperty);
+        }
+
+        public VirtualizingUniformGrid()
+        {
+            _recycleElement = RecycleElement;
+            _recycleElementOnItemRemoved = RecycleElementOnItemRemoved;
+            _updateElementIndex = UpdateElementIndex;
+            EffectiveViewportChanged += OnEffectiveViewportChanged;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies the row count. If set to 0, row count will be calculated automatically.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Rows
+        {
+            get => GetValue(RowsProperty);
+            set => SetValue(RowsProperty, value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies the column count. If set to 0, column count will be calculated automatically.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Columns
+        {
+            get => GetValue(ColumnsProperty);
+            set => SetValue(ColumnsProperty, value);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Specifies, for the first row, the column where the items should start.
+        /// </summary>
+        public int FirstColumn
+        {
+            get => GetValue(FirstColumnProperty);
+            set => SetValue(FirstColumnProperty, value);
+        }
+
+        protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size availableSize)
+        {
+            UpdateRowsAndColumns();
+
+            var items = Items;
+
+            if (items.Count == 0)
+                return default;
+
+            // If we're bringing an item into view, ignore any layout passes until we receive a new
+            // effective viewport.
+            if (_isWaitingForViewportUpdate)
+                return DesiredSize;
+
+            _isInLayout = true;
+
+            try
+            {
+                _realizedElements ??= new();
+                _measureElements ??= new();
+
+                var viewport = CalculateMeasureViewport(items);
+
+                if (_viewport.Size == default)
+                    return DesiredSize;
+
+
+                if (viewport.viewportIsDisjunct)
+                    _realizedElements.RecycleAllElements(_recycleElement);
+
+                RealizeElements(items, availableSize, ref viewport);
+
+                // Now swap the measureElements and realizedElements collection.
+                (_measureElements, _realizedElements) = (_realizedElements, _measureElements);
+                _measureElements.ResetForReuse();
+
+                _measuredViewport = viewport;
+
+                return CalculateDesiredSize();
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                _isInLayout = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Size CalculateDesiredSize()
+        {
+            return new Size(_lastEstimatedElementSize.Width * _columns, _lastEstimatedElementSize.Height * _rows);
+        }
+
+        private Rect EstimateViewport()
+        {
+            var c = this.GetVisualParent();
+            var viewport = new Rect();
+
+            if (c is null)
+            {
+                return viewport;
+            }
+
+            while (c is not null)
+            {
+                if ((c.Bounds.Width != 0 || c.Bounds.Height != 0) &&
+                    c.TransformToVisual(this) is Matrix transform)
+                {
+                    viewport = new Rect(0, 0, c.Bounds.Width, c.Bounds.Height)
+                        .TransformToAABB(transform);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                c = c?.GetVisualParent();
+            }
+
+
+            return viewport;
+        }
+
+        protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
+        {
+            var div = Math.DivRem(_measuredViewport.anchorIndex + FirstColumn, _columns, out var rem);
+            var x = rem;
+            var y = div;
+
+            var width = finalSize.Width / _columns;
+            var height = finalSize.Height / _rows;
+
+            for (var i = _measuredViewport.anchorIndex; i < Children.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (i > _measuredViewport.lastIndex)
+                    break;
+
+                var child = Children[i];
+                if (!child.IsVisible)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                child.Arrange(new Rect(x * width, y * height, width, height));
+
+                x++;
+
+                if (x >= _columns)
+                {
+                    x = 0;
+                    y++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return finalSize;
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateRowsAndColumns()
+        {
+            _rows = Rows;
+            _columns = Columns;
+
+            if (FirstColumn >= Columns)
+            {
+                SetCurrentValue(FirstColumnProperty, 0);
+            }
+
+            var itemCount = FirstColumn + Items.Count;
+
+            if (_rows == 0)
+            {
+                if (_columns == 0)
+                {
+                    _rows = _columns = (int)Math.Ceiling(Math.Sqrt(itemCount));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _rows = Math.DivRem(itemCount, _columns, out int rem);
+
+                    if (rem != 0)
+                    {
+                        _rows++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if (_columns == 0)
+            {
+                _columns = Math.DivRem(itemCount, _rows, out int rem);
+
+                if (rem != 0)
+                {
+                    _columns++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (_realizedElements != null)
+            {
+                _realizedElements.RowCount = _rows;
+                _realizedElements.ColumnCount = _columns;
+                _realizedElements.FirstColumn = FirstColumn;
+            }
+
+            if (_measureElements != null)
+            {
+                _measureElements.RowCount = _rows;
+                _measureElements.ColumnCount = _columns;
+                _measureElements.FirstColumn = FirstColumn;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnUnrealizedFocusedElementLostFocus(object? sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        private void OnEffectiveViewportChanged(object? sender, EffectiveViewportChangedEventArgs e)
+        {
+            var oldViewportStart = new Point(_viewport.Top, _viewport.Left);
+            var oldViewportEnd = new Point(_viewport.Bottom, _viewport.Right);
+
+            _viewport = e.EffectiveViewport.Intersect(new(Bounds.Size));
+            _isWaitingForViewportUpdate = false;
+
+            var newViewportStart = new Point(_viewport.Top, _viewport.Left);
+            var newViewportEnd = new Point(_viewport.Bottom, _viewport.Right);
+
+            if (!MathUtilities.AreClose(oldViewportStart.X, newViewportStart.X) ||
+                !MathUtilities.AreClose(oldViewportEnd.X, newViewportEnd.X) || 
+                !MathUtilities.AreClose(oldViewportStart.Y, newViewportStart.Y) ||
+                !MathUtilities.AreClose(oldViewportEnd.Y, newViewportEnd.Y))
+            {
+                InvalidateMeasure();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void RealizeElements(
+            IReadOnlyList<object?> items,
+            Size availableSize,
+            ref MeasureViewport viewport)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_measureElements is not null);
+            Debug.Assert(_realizedElements is not null);
+            Debug.Assert(items.Count > 0);
+
+            var index = viewport.anchorIndex;
+            var lastIndex = index;
+
+            // Start at the anchor element and move forwards, realizing elements.
+            do
+            {
+                if (!IsIndexVisible(index, viewport.anchorCoord, viewport.endCoord))
+                {
+                    _realizedElements.RecycleElement(index, _recycleElement);
+                    ++index;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var e = GetOrCreateElement(items, index);
+                e.Measure(availableSize);
+
+                var size = new Size(e.DesiredSize.Width, e.DesiredSize.Height);
+
+                _measureElements!.Add(index, e, size);
+
+                _lastEstimatedElementSize = size;
+
+                lastIndex = index;
+                ++index;
+            } while (index < items.Count);
+
+            // Store the last index for the desired size calculation.
+            viewport.lastIndex = lastIndex;
+
+            // We can now recycle elements before the first element.
+            _realizedElements.RecycleElementsBefore(viewport.anchorIndex, _recycleElement);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsIndexVisible(int index, Vector start, Vector end)
+        {
+            var div = Math.DivRem(index, _columns, out var rem);
+            var coord = new Vector(rem, div);
+
+            return coord.X >= start.X && coord.Y >= start.Y &&
+                coord.X <= end.X && coord.Y <= end.Y;
+        }
+
+        private MeasureViewport CalculateMeasureViewport(IReadOnlyList<object?> items)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_realizedElements is not null);
+
+            // If the control has not yet been laid out then the effective viewport won't have been set.
+            // Try to work it out from an ancestor control.
+            var viewport = _viewport != s_invalidViewport ? _viewport : EstimateViewport();
+
+            // Get the viewport in the orientation direction.
+            var viewportStart = new Point(viewport.X, viewport.Y);
+            var viewportEnd = new Point(viewport.Right, viewport.Bottom);
+
+            // Get or estimate the anchor element from which to start realization.
+            var itemCount = items?.Count ?? 0;
+            var (anchorIndex, anchor, end) = _realizedElements.GetOrEstimateAnchorElementForViewport(
+                viewportStart,
+                viewportEnd,
+                itemCount,
+                ref _lastEstimatedElementSize);
+
+            // Check if the anchor element is not within the currently realized elements.
+            var disjunct = anchorIndex < _realizedElements.FirstIndex ||
+                anchorIndex > _realizedElements.LastIndex;
+
+            return new MeasureViewport
+            {
+                anchorIndex = anchorIndex,
+                anchorCoord = anchor,
+                viewportStart = viewportStart,
+                viewportEnd = viewportEnd,
+                viewportIsDisjunct = disjunct,
+                endCoord = end,
+            };
+        }
+
+        private Control GetOrCreateElement(IReadOnlyList<object?> items, int index)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ItemContainerGenerator is not null);
+
+            var e = GetRealizedElement(index);
+
+            if (e is null)
+            {
+                var item = items[index];
+                var generator = ItemContainerGenerator!;
+
+                if (generator.NeedsContainer(item, index, out var recycleKey))
+                {
+                    e = GetRecycledElement(item, index, recycleKey) ??
+                        CreateElement(item, index, recycleKey);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    e = GetItemAsOwnContainer(item, index);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return e;
+        }
+
+        private Control? GetRealizedElement(int index)
+        {
+            if (_scrollToIndex == index)
+                return _scrollToElement;
+            return _realizedElements?.GetElement(index);
+        }
+
+        private Control GetItemAsOwnContainer(object? item, int index)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ItemContainerGenerator is not null);
+
+            var controlItem = (Control)item!;
+            var generator = ItemContainerGenerator!;
+
+            if (!controlItem.IsSet(RecycleKeyProperty))
+            {
+                generator.PrepareItemContainer(controlItem, controlItem, index);
+                AddInternalChild(controlItem);
+                controlItem.SetValue(RecycleKeyProperty, s_itemIsItsOwnContainer);
+                generator.ItemContainerPrepared(controlItem, item, index);
+            }
+
+            controlItem.IsVisible = true;
+            return controlItem;
+        }
+
+        private Control? GetRecycledElement(object? item, int index, object? recycleKey)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ItemContainerGenerator is not null);
+
+            if (recycleKey is null)
+                return null;
+
+            var generator = ItemContainerGenerator!;
+
+            if (_unrealizedFocusedIndex == index && _unrealizedFocusedElement is not null)
+            {
+                var element = _unrealizedFocusedElement;
+                _unrealizedFocusedElement.LostFocus -= OnUnrealizedFocusedElementLostFocus;
+                _unrealizedFocusedElement = null;
+                _unrealizedFocusedIndex = -1;
+                return element;
+            }
+
+            if (_recyclePool?.TryGetValue(recycleKey, out var recyclePool) == true && recyclePool.Count > 0)
+            {
+                var recycled = recyclePool.Pop();
+                recycled.IsVisible = true;
+                generator.PrepareItemContainer(recycled, item, index);
+                generator.ItemContainerPrepared(recycled, item, index);
+                return recycled;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Control CreateElement(object? item, int index, object? recycleKey)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ItemContainerGenerator is not null);
+
+            var generator = ItemContainerGenerator!;
+            var container = generator.CreateContainer(item, index, recycleKey);
+
+            container.SetValue(RecycleKeyProperty, recycleKey);
+            generator.PrepareItemContainer(container, item, index);
+            AddInternalChild(container);
+            generator.ItemContainerPrepared(container, item, index);
+
+            return container;
+        }
+
+        private void RecycleElement(Control element, int index)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ItemContainerGenerator is not null);
+
+            _scrollViewer?.UnregisterAnchorCandidate(element);
+
+            var recycleKey = element.GetValue(RecycleKeyProperty);
+            Debug.Assert(recycleKey is not null);
+
+            if (recycleKey == s_itemIsItsOwnContainer)
+            {
+                element.IsVisible = false;
+            }
+            else if (element.IsKeyboardFocusWithin)
+            {
+                _unrealizedFocusedElement = element;
+                _unrealizedFocusedIndex = index;
+                _unrealizedFocusedElement.LostFocus += OnUnrealizedFocusedElementLostFocus;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ItemContainerGenerator!.ClearItemContainer(element);
+                PushToRecyclePool(recycleKey, element);
+                element.IsVisible = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void RecycleElementOnItemRemoved(Control element)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ItemContainerGenerator is not null);
+
+            var recycleKey = element.GetValue(RecycleKeyProperty);
+            Debug.Assert(recycleKey is not null);
+
+            if (recycleKey == s_itemIsItsOwnContainer)
+            {
+                RemoveInternalChild(element);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ItemContainerGenerator!.ClearItemContainer(element);
+                PushToRecyclePool(recycleKey, element);
+                element.IsVisible = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void PushToRecyclePool(object recycleKey, Control element)
+        {
+            _recyclePool ??= new();
+
+            if (!_recyclePool.TryGetValue(recycleKey, out var pool))
+            {
+                pool = new();
+                _recyclePool.Add(recycleKey, pool);
+            }
+
+            pool.Push(element);
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnItemsChanged(IReadOnlyList<object?> items, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
+        {
+            InvalidateMeasure();
+
+            if (_realizedElements is null)
+                return;
+
+            switch (e.Action)
+            {
+                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
+                    _realizedElements.ItemsInserted(e.NewStartingIndex, e.NewItems!.Count, _updateElementIndex);
+                    break;
+                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
+                    _realizedElements.ItemsRemoved(e.OldStartingIndex, e.OldItems!.Count, _updateElementIndex, _recycleElementOnItemRemoved);
+                    break;
+                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace:
+                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Move:
+                    _realizedElements.ItemsRemoved(e.OldStartingIndex, e.OldItems!.Count, _updateElementIndex, _recycleElementOnItemRemoved);
+                    _realizedElements.ItemsInserted(e.NewStartingIndex, e.NewItems!.Count, _updateElementIndex);
+                    break;
+                case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset:
+                    _realizedElements.ItemsReset(_recycleElementOnItemRemoved);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateElementIndex(Control element, int oldIndex, int newIndex)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(ItemContainerGenerator is not null);
+
+            ItemContainerGenerator.ItemContainerIndexChanged(element, oldIndex, newIndex);
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnAttachedToVisualTree(VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+        {
+            base.OnAttachedToVisualTree(e);
+            _scrollViewer = this.FindAncestorOfType<ScrollViewer>();
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnDetachedFromVisualTree(VisualTreeAttachmentEventArgs e)
+        {
+            base.OnDetachedFromVisualTree(e);
+            _scrollViewer = null;
+        }
+
+        protected internal override Control? ScrollIntoView(int index)
+        {
+            var items = Items;
+
+            if (_isInLayout || index < 0 || index >= items.Count || _realizedElements is null)
+                return null;
+
+            if (GetRealizedElement(index) is Control element)
+            {
+                element.BringIntoView();
+                return element;
+            }
+            else if (this.GetVisualRoot() is ILayoutRoot root)
+            {
+                // Create and measure the element to be brought into view. Store it in a field so that
+                // it can be re-used in the layout pass.
+                _scrollToElement = GetOrCreateElement(items, index);
+                _scrollToElement.Measure(Size.Infinity);
+                _scrollToIndex = index;
+
+                // Get the expected position of the elment and put it in place.
+                var anchor = _realizedElements.GetOrEstimateElementU(index);
+                var rect = new Rect(anchor.X, anchor.Y, _scrollToElement.DesiredSize.Width, _scrollToElement.DesiredSize.Height);
+                _scrollToElement.Arrange(rect);
+
+                // If the item being brought into view was added since the last layout pass then
+                // our bounds won't be updated, so any containing scroll viewers will not have an
+                // updated extent. Do a layout pass to ensure that the containing scroll viewers
+                // will be able to scroll the new item into view.
+                if (!Bounds.Contains(rect) && !_viewport.Contains(rect))
+                {
+                    _isWaitingForViewportUpdate = true;
+                    root.LayoutManager.ExecuteLayoutPass();
+                    _isWaitingForViewportUpdate = false;
+                }
+
+                // Try to bring the item into view.
+                _scrollToElement.BringIntoView();
+
+                // If the viewport does not contain the item to scroll to, set _isWaitingForViewportUpdate:
+                // this should cause the following chain of events:
+                // - Measure is first done with the old viewport (which will be a no-op, see MeasureOverride)
+                // - The viewport is then updated by the layout system which invalidates our measure
+                // - Measure is then done with the new viewport.
+                _isWaitingForViewportUpdate = !_viewport.Contains(rect);
+                root.LayoutManager.ExecuteLayoutPass();
+
+                // If for some reason the layout system didn't give us a new viewport during the layout, we
+                // need to do another layout pass as the one that took place was a no-op.
+                if (_isWaitingForViewportUpdate)
+                {
+                    _isWaitingForViewportUpdate = false;
+                    InvalidateMeasure();
+                    root.LayoutManager.ExecuteLayoutPass();
+                }
+
+                var result = _scrollToElement;
+                _scrollToElement = null;
+                _scrollToIndex = -1;
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected internal override Control? ContainerFromIndex(int index)
+        {
+            if (index < 0 || index >= Items.Count)
+                return null;
+            if (_realizedElements?.GetElement(index) is { } realized)
+                return realized;
+            if (Items[index] is Control c && c.GetValue(RecycleKeyProperty) == s_itemIsItsOwnContainer)
+                return c;
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected internal override int IndexFromContainer(Control container) => _realizedElements?.GetIndex(container) ?? -1;
+
+        protected internal override IEnumerable<Control>? GetRealizedContainers()
+        {
+            return _realizedElements?.Elements.Where(x => x is not null)!;
+        }
+
+        protected override IInputElement? GetControl(NavigationDirection direction, IInputElement? from, bool wrap)
+        {
+            var count = Items.Count;
+
+            if (count == 0 || from is not Control fromControl)
+                return null;
+            var fromIndex = from != null ? IndexFromContainer(fromControl) : -1;
+            var toIndex = fromIndex;
+            // implement
+            return ScrollIntoView(toIndex);
+        }
+
+        private struct MeasureViewport
+        {
+            public int anchorIndex;
+            public Vector anchorCoord;
+            public Point viewportStart;
+            public Point viewportEnd;
+            public int lastIndex;
+            public bool viewportIsDisjunct;
+            public Vector endCoord;
+        }
+    }
+}