diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/IResourceHost.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/IResourceHost.cs
index 286f0e36ef..361e3562ec 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/IResourceHost.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/IResourceHost.cs
@@ -29,4 +29,12 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         /// </remarks>
         void NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e);
     }
+
+    // TODO12: merge with IResourceHost
+    internal interface IResourceHost2 : IResourceHost
+    {
+        event EventHandler<ResourcesChangedToken> ResourcesChanged2;
+
+        void NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken token);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceDictionary.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceDictionary.cs
index ded0a815a5..e0944a5708 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceDictionary.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceDictionary.cs
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             set
             {
                 Inner[key] = value;
-                Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);            
-
+                RaiseResourcesChanged();
             }
         }
 
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         public void Add(object key, object? value)
         {
             Inner.Add(key, value);
-            Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+            RaiseResourcesChanged();
         }
 
         public void AddDeferred(object key, Func<IServiceProvider?, object?> factory)
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             }
             finally
             {
-                Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);            
+                RaiseResourcesChanged();
             }
         }
         
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             if (_inner?.Count > 0)
             {
                 _inner.Clear();
-                Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+                RaiseResourcesChanged();
             }
         }
 
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         {
             if (_inner?.Remove(key) == true)
             {
-                Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+                RaiseResourcesChanged();
                 return true;
             }
 
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         {
             if ((_inner as ICollection<KeyValuePair<object, object?>>)?.Remove(item) == true)
             {
-                Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+                RaiseResourcesChanged();
                 return true;
             }
 
@@ -359,7 +358,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
             if (hasResources)
             {
-                owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+                owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
             }
         }
 
@@ -386,7 +385,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
             if (hasResources)
             {
-                owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+                owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceNodeExtensions.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceNodeExtensions.cs
index f1a4a90864..36cc00d245 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceNodeExtensions.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceNodeExtensions.cs
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
             protected override void Initialize()
             {
-                _target.ResourcesChanged += ResourcesChanged;
+                _target.SubscribeToResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (_target is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost)
                 {
                     themeVariantHost.ActualThemeVariantChanged += ActualThemeVariantChanged;
@@ -167,7 +168,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
             protected override void Deinitialize()
             {
-                _target.ResourcesChanged -= ResourcesChanged;
+                _target.UnsubscribeFromResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (_target is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost)
                 {
                     themeVariantHost.ActualThemeVariantChanged -= ActualThemeVariantChanged;
@@ -184,6 +186,11 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
                 PublishNext(GetValue());
             }
 
+            private void ResourcesChanged2(object? sender, ResourcesChangedToken token)
+            {
+                PublishNext(GetValue());
+            }
+
             private void ActualThemeVariantChanged(object? sender, EventArgs e)
             {
                 PublishNext(GetValue());
@@ -223,10 +230,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
                 _target.OwnerChanged += OwnerChanged;
                 _owner = _target.Owner;
 
-                if (_owner is not null)
-                {
-                    _owner.ResourcesChanged += ResourcesChanged;
-                }
+                _owner?.SubscribeToResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (_overrideThemeVariant is null && _owner is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost)
                 {
                     themeVariantHost.ActualThemeVariantChanged += ActualThemeVariantChanged;
@@ -237,10 +242,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
             {
                 _target.OwnerChanged -= OwnerChanged;
 
-                if (_owner is not null)
-                {
-                    _owner.ResourcesChanged -= ResourcesChanged;
-                }
+                _owner?.UnsubscribeFromResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (_overrideThemeVariant is null && _owner is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost)
                 {
                     themeVariantHost.ActualThemeVariantChanged -= ActualThemeVariantChanged;
@@ -267,10 +270,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
             private void OwnerChanged(object? sender, EventArgs e)
             {
-                if (_owner is not null)
-                {
-                    _owner.ResourcesChanged -= ResourcesChanged;
-                }
+                _owner?.UnsubscribeFromResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (_overrideThemeVariant is null && _owner is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost)
                 {
                     themeVariantHost.ActualThemeVariantChanged -= ActualThemeVariantChanged;
@@ -278,10 +279,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
                 _owner = _target.Owner;
 
-                if (_owner is not null)
-                {
-                    _owner.ResourcesChanged += ResourcesChanged;
-                }
+                _owner?.SubscribeToResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (_overrideThemeVariant is null && _owner is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost2)
                 {
                     themeVariantHost2.ActualThemeVariantChanged += ActualThemeVariantChanged;
@@ -300,6 +299,11 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
                 PublishNext();
             }
 
+            private void ResourcesChanged2(object? sender, ResourcesChangedToken token)
+            {
+                PublishNext();
+            }
+
             private object? GetValue()
             {
                 var theme = _overrideThemeVariant ?? (_target.Owner as IThemeVariantHost)?.ActualThemeVariant; 
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceProvider.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceProvider.cs
index 0760191d1e..f0ab42a4a8 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceProvider.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourceProvider.cs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceProvider : AvaloniaObject, IResourceProvider
 
     protected void RaiseResourcesChanged()
     {
-        Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+        Owner?.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceProvider : AvaloniaObject, IResourceProvider
     {
         if (HasResources)
         {
-            owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+            owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
         }
     }
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceProvider : AvaloniaObject, IResourceProvider
     {
         if (HasResources)
         {
-            owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+            owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedEventArgs.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedEventArgs.cs
index ee2ece8a26..a60c95a2e0 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedEventArgs.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedEventArgs.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Avalonia.Controls
 {
+    // TODO12: change this to be a struct, remove ResourcesChangedToken
     public class ResourcesChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
     {
         public static new readonly ResourcesChangedEventArgs Empty = new ResourcesChangedEventArgs();
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedHelper.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedHelper.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ad121ad3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System;
+using Avalonia.LogicalTree;
+
+namespace Avalonia.Controls;
+
+internal static class ResourcesChangedHelper
+{
+    internal static void NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(this IResourceHost host, ResourcesChangedToken token)
+    {
+        if (host is IResourceHost2 host2)
+            host2.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(token);
+        else
+            host.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+    }
+
+    internal static void NotifyResourcesChanged(this ILogical logical, ResourcesChangedToken token)
+    {
+        if (logical is StyledElement styledElement)
+            styledElement.NotifyResourcesChanged(token);
+        else
+            logical.NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+    }
+
+    internal static void SubscribeToResourcesChanged(
+        this IResourceHost host,
+        EventHandler<ResourcesChangedEventArgs> handler,
+        EventHandler<ResourcesChangedToken> handler2)
+    {
+        if (host is IResourceHost2 host2)
+            host2.ResourcesChanged2 += handler2;
+        else
+            host.ResourcesChanged += handler;
+    }
+
+    internal static void UnsubscribeFromResourcesChanged(
+        this IResourceHost host,
+        EventHandler<ResourcesChangedEventArgs> handler,
+        EventHandler<ResourcesChangedToken> handler2)
+    {
+        if (host is IResourceHost2 host2)
+            host2.ResourcesChanged2 -= handler2;
+        else
+            host.ResourcesChanged -= handler;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedToken.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedToken.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8de692e729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Controls/ResourcesChangedToken.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Avalonia.Controls;
+
+internal record struct ResourcesChangedToken(int SequenceNumber)
+{
+    private static int s_lastSequenceNumber;
+
+    public static ResourcesChangedToken Create()
+        => new(Interlocked.Increment(ref s_lastSequenceNumber));
+}
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/StyledElement.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/StyledElement.cs
index 3e57a1a959..3d4a4efb92 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/StyledElement.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/StyledElement.cs
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ namespace Avalonia
         IDataContextProvider, 
         ILogical,
         IThemeVariantHost,
+        IResourceHost2,
         IStyleHost,
         ISetLogicalParent,
         ISetInheritanceParent,
@@ -93,6 +94,8 @@ namespace Avalonia
         private AvaloniaObject? _templatedParent;
         private bool _dataContextUpdating;
         private ControlTheme? _implicitTheme;
+        private EventHandler<ResourcesChangedToken>? _resourcesChanged2;
+        private ResourcesChangedToken _lastResourcesChangedToken;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes static members of the <see cref="StyledElement"/> class.
@@ -147,6 +150,12 @@ namespace Avalonia
         /// </summary>
         public event EventHandler<ResourcesChangedEventArgs>? ResourcesChanged;
 
+        event EventHandler<ResourcesChangedToken>? IResourceHost2.ResourcesChanged2
+        {
+            add => _resourcesChanged2 += value;
+            remove => _resourcesChanged2 -= value;
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public event EventHandler? ActualThemeVariantChanged;
         
@@ -427,10 +436,15 @@ namespace Avalonia
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        void ILogical.NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e) => NotifyResourcesChanged(e);
+        void ILogical.NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
+            => NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        void IResourceHost.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e) => NotifyResourcesChanged(e);
+        void IResourceHost.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
+            => NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
+
+        void IResourceHost2.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken token)
+            => NotifyResourcesChanged(token);
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public bool TryGetResource(object key, ThemeVariant? theme, out object? value)
@@ -485,7 +499,7 @@ namespace Avalonia
                     // non-rooted control beacuse it's unlikely that dynamic resources need to be 
                     // correct until the control is added to the tree, and it causes a *lot* of
                     // notifications.
-                    NotifyResourcesChanged();
+                    NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
                 }
 
                 RaisePropertyChanged(ParentProperty, old, Parent);
@@ -538,8 +552,8 @@ namespace Avalonia
         /// <summary>
         /// Notifies child controls that a change has been made to resources that apply to them.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="e">The event args.</param>
-        internal virtual void NotifyChildResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
+        /// <param name="token">The change token.</param>
+        internal virtual void NotifyChildResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken token)
         {
             if (_logicalChildren is object)
             {
@@ -547,11 +561,9 @@ namespace Avalonia
 
                 if (count > 0)
                 {
-                    e ??= ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty;
-
                     for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                     {
-                        _logicalChildren[i].NotifyResourcesChanged(e);
+                        _logicalChildren[i].NotifyResourcesChanged(token);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -880,7 +892,7 @@ namespace Avalonia
 
                 ReevaluateImplicitTheme();
                 ApplyStyling();
-                NotifyResourcesChanged(propagate: false);
+                NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create(), propagate: false);
 
                 OnAttachedToLogicalTree(e);
                 AttachedToLogicalTree?.Invoke(this, e);
@@ -983,20 +995,24 @@ namespace Avalonia
             }
         }
 
-        private void NotifyResourcesChanged(
-            ResourcesChangedEventArgs? e = null,
+        internal void NotifyResourcesChanged(
+            ResourcesChangedToken token,
             bool propagate = true)
         {
-            if (ResourcesChanged is object)
+            // We already got a notification for this element, ignore.
+            if (token.Equals(_lastResourcesChangedToken))
             {
-                e ??= ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty;
-                ResourcesChanged(this, e);
+                return;
             }
 
+            _lastResourcesChangedToken = token;
+
+            _resourcesChanged2?.Invoke(this, token);
+            ResourcesChanged?.Invoke(this, ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+
             if (propagate)
             {
-                e ??= ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty;
-                NotifyChildResourcesChanged(e);
+                NotifyChildResourcesChanged(token);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Styling/StyleBase.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Styling/StyleBase.cs
index bc3457cb48..3b12fda731 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Styling/StyleBase.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Styling/StyleBase.cs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Styling
 
                     if (hadResources || _resources.HasResources)
                     {
-                        Owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+                        Owner.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/IWeakEventSubscriber.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/IWeakEventSubscriber.cs
index 6cf8c605a7..309146b7f1 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/IWeakEventSubscriber.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/IWeakEventSubscriber.cs
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ namespace Avalonia.Utilities;
 /// Defines a listener to a event subscribed vis the <see cref="WeakEvent{TTarget, TEventArgs}"/>.
 /// </summary>
 /// <typeparam name="TEventArgs">The type of the event arguments.</typeparam>
-public interface IWeakEventSubscriber<in TEventArgs> where TEventArgs : EventArgs
+public interface IWeakEventSubscriber<in TEventArgs>
 {
     void OnEvent(object? sender, WeakEvent ev, TEventArgs e);
 }
 
-public sealed class WeakEventSubscriber<TEventArgs> : IWeakEventSubscriber<TEventArgs> where TEventArgs : EventArgs 
+public sealed class WeakEventSubscriber<TEventArgs> : IWeakEventSubscriber<TEventArgs>
 {
     public event Action<object?, WeakEvent, TEventArgs>? Event;
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public sealed class WeakEventSubscriber<TEventArgs> : IWeakEventSubscriber<TEven
     }
 }
 
-public sealed class TargetWeakEventSubscriber<TTarget, TEventArgs> : IWeakEventSubscriber<TEventArgs> where TEventArgs : EventArgs
+public sealed class TargetWeakEventSubscriber<TTarget, TEventArgs> : IWeakEventSubscriber<TEventArgs>
 {
     private readonly TTarget _target;
     private readonly Action<TTarget, object?, WeakEvent, TEventArgs> _dispatchFunc;
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/WeakEvent.cs b/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/WeakEvent.cs
index a8e6e6191f..bc7cd04568 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/WeakEvent.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Base/Utilities/WeakEvent.cs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Utilities;
 /// <summary>
 /// Manages subscriptions to events using weak listeners.
 /// </summary>
-public sealed class WeakEvent<TSender, TEventArgs> : WeakEvent where TEventArgs : EventArgs where TSender : class
+public sealed class WeakEvent<TSender, TEventArgs> : WeakEvent where TSender : class
 {
     private readonly Func<TSender, EventHandler<TEventArgs>, Action> _subscribe;
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public class WeakEvent
 {
     public static WeakEvent<TSender, TEventArgs> Register<TSender, TEventArgs>(
         Action<TSender, EventHandler<TEventArgs>> subscribe,
-        Action<TSender, EventHandler<TEventArgs>> unsubscribe) where TSender : class where TEventArgs : EventArgs
+        Action<TSender, EventHandler<TEventArgs>> unsubscribe) where TSender : class
     {
         return new WeakEvent<TSender, TEventArgs>(subscribe, unsubscribe);
     }
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Controls/Application.cs b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Application.cs
index e48711efdb..1af3f20c2e 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Controls/Application.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Application.cs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace Avalonia
     /// method.
     /// - Tracks the lifetime of the application.
     /// </remarks>
-    public class Application : AvaloniaObject, IDataContextProvider, IGlobalDataTemplates, IGlobalStyles, IThemeVariantHost, IApplicationPlatformEvents, IOptionalFeatureProvider
+    public class Application : AvaloniaObject, IDataContextProvider, IGlobalDataTemplates, IGlobalStyles, IThemeVariantHost, IResourceHost2, IApplicationPlatformEvents, IOptionalFeatureProvider
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// The application-global data templates.
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ namespace Avalonia
 
         private Styles? _styles;
         private IResourceDictionary? _resources;
-        private bool _notifyingResourcesChanged;
         private Action<IReadOnlyList<IStyle>>? _stylesAdded;
         private Action<IReadOnlyList<IStyle>>? _stylesRemoved;
         private IApplicationLifetime? _applicationLifetime;
         private bool _setupCompleted;
+        private EventHandler<ResourcesChangedToken>? _resourcesChanged2;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Defines the <see cref="DataContext"/> property.
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ namespace Avalonia
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public event EventHandler<ResourcesChangedEventArgs>? ResourcesChanged;
 
+        event EventHandler<ResourcesChangedToken>? IResourceHost2.ResourcesChanged2
+        {
+            add => _resourcesChanged2 += value;
+            remove => _resourcesChanged2 -= value;
+        }
+
         [Obsolete("Use Application.Current.TryGetFeature<IActivatableLifetime>() instead.")]
         public event EventHandler<UrlOpenedEventArgs>? UrlsOpened;
 
@@ -233,9 +239,16 @@ namespace Avalonia
 
         void IResourceHost.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
         {
+            _resourcesChanged2?.Invoke(this, ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
             ResourcesChanged?.Invoke(this, e);
         }
 
+        void IResourceHost2.NotifyHostedResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken token)
+        {
+            _resourcesChanged2?.Invoke(this, token);
+            ResourcesChanged?.Invoke(this, ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
+        }
+
         void IStyleHost.StylesAdded(IReadOnlyList<IStyle> styles)
         {
             _stylesAdded?.Invoke(styles);
@@ -292,29 +305,6 @@ namespace Avalonia
             UrlsOpened?.Invoke(this, new UrlOpenedEventArgs (urls));
         }
 
-        private void NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
-        {
-            if (_notifyingResourcesChanged)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            try
-            {
-                _notifyingResourcesChanged = true;
-                ResourcesChanged?.Invoke(this, ResourcesChangedEventArgs.Empty);
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                _notifyingResourcesChanged = false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        private void ThisResourcesChanged(object sender, ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
-        {
-            NotifyResourcesChanged(e);
-        }
-
         private string? _name;
         /// <summary>
         /// Defines Name property
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/TemplatedControl.cs b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/TemplatedControl.cs
index 12b631aeb1..b6bf9be866 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/TemplatedControl.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/TemplatedControl.cs
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls.Primitives
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
-        internal sealed override void NotifyChildResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
+        internal sealed override void NotifyChildResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken token)
         {
             var count = VisualChildren.Count;
 
@@ -356,11 +356,11 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls.Primitives
             {
                 if (VisualChildren[i] is ILogical logical)
                 {
-                    logical.NotifyResourcesChanged(e);
+                    logical.NotifyResourcesChanged(token);
                 }
             }
 
-            base.NotifyChildResourcesChanged(e);
+            base.NotifyChildResourcesChanged(token);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/VisualLayerManager.cs b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/VisualLayerManager.cs
index 889662f02c..2e1b9a59fb 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/VisualLayerManager.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Controls/Primitives/VisualLayerManager.cs
@@ -118,12 +118,12 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls.Primitives
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
-        internal override void NotifyChildResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedEventArgs e)
+        internal override void NotifyChildResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken token)
         {
             foreach (var l in _layers)
-                ((ILogical)l).NotifyResourcesChanged(e);
+                l.NotifyResourcesChanged(token);
 
-            base.NotifyChildResourcesChanged(e);
+            base.NotifyChildResourcesChanged(token);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
diff --git a/src/Avalonia.Controls/TopLevel.cs b/src/Avalonia.Controls/TopLevel.cs
index 3a71b32685..71e56e7d78 100644
--- a/src/Avalonia.Controls/TopLevel.cs
+++ b/src/Avalonia.Controls/TopLevel.cs
@@ -121,6 +121,12 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
                 (s, h) => s.ResourcesChanged -= h
             );
 
+        private static readonly WeakEvent<IResourceHost2, ResourcesChangedToken>
+            ResourcesChanged2WeakEvent = WeakEvent.Register<IResourceHost2, ResourcesChangedToken>(
+                (s, h) => s.ResourcesChanged2 += h,
+                (s, h) => s.ResourcesChanged2 -= h
+            );
+
         private readonly IInputManager? _inputManager;
         private readonly IToolTipService? _tooltipService;
         private readonly IAccessKeyHandler? _accessKeyHandler;
@@ -137,6 +143,7 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
         private ILayoutManager? _layoutManager;
         private Border? _transparencyFallbackBorder;
         private TargetWeakEventSubscriber<TopLevel, ResourcesChangedEventArgs>? _resourcesChangesSubscriber;
+        private TargetWeakEventSubscriber<TopLevel, ResourcesChangedToken>? _resourcesChangesSubscriber2;
         private IStorageProvider? _storageProvider;
         private Screens? _screens;
         private LayoutDiagnosticBridge? _layoutDiagnosticBridge;
@@ -257,12 +264,24 @@ namespace Avalonia.Controls
 
             ClientSize = impl.ClientSize;
 
-            if (((IStyleHost)this).StylingParent is IResourceHost applicationResources)
+            var stylingParent = ((IStyleHost)this).StylingParent;
+
+            if (stylingParent is IResourceHost2 applicationResources2)
+            {
+                _resourcesChangesSubscriber2 = new TargetWeakEventSubscriber<TopLevel, ResourcesChangedToken>(
+                    this, static (target, _, _, token) =>
+                    {
+                        target.NotifyResourcesChanged(token);
+                    });
+
+                ResourcesChanged2WeakEvent.Subscribe(applicationResources2, _resourcesChangesSubscriber2);
+            }
+            else if (stylingParent is IResourceHost applicationResources)
             {
                 _resourcesChangesSubscriber = new TargetWeakEventSubscriber<TopLevel, ResourcesChangedEventArgs>(
-                    this, static (target, _, _, e) =>
+                    this, static (target, _, _, _) =>
                     {
-                        ((ILogical)target).NotifyResourcesChanged(e);
+                        target.NotifyResourcesChanged(ResourcesChangedToken.Create());
                     });
 
                 ResourcesChangedWeakEvent.Subscribe(applicationResources, _resourcesChangesSubscriber);
diff --git a/src/Markup/Avalonia.Markup.Xaml/Data/DynamicResourceExpression.cs b/src/Markup/Avalonia.Markup.Xaml/Data/DynamicResourceExpression.cs
index 438c140395..e65282b36b 100644
--- a/src/Markup/Avalonia.Markup.Xaml/Data/DynamicResourceExpression.cs
+++ b/src/Markup/Avalonia.Markup.Xaml/Data/DynamicResourceExpression.cs
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Markup.Xaml.MarkupExtensions
 
         private void ResourcesChanged(object? sender, ResourcesChangedEventArgs e) => PublishValue();
 
+        private void ResourcesChanged2(object? sender, ResourcesChangedToken token) => PublishValue();
+
         private void ActualThemeVariantChanged(object? sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             if (!IsRunning)
@@ -132,8 +134,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Markup.Xaml.MarkupExtensions
         {
             if (host is not null)
             {
-                host.ResourcesChanged += ResourcesChanged;
-                
+                host.SubscribeToResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (!_overrideThemeVariant && _host is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost)
                 {
                     _themeVariant = themeVariantHost.ActualThemeVariant;
@@ -146,7 +148,8 @@ namespace Avalonia.Markup.Xaml.MarkupExtensions
         {
             if (host is not null)
             {
-                host.ResourcesChanged -= ResourcesChanged;
+                host.UnsubscribeFromResourcesChanged(ResourcesChanged, ResourcesChanged2);
+
                 if (!_overrideThemeVariant && _host is IThemeVariantHost themeVariantHost)
                     themeVariantHost.ActualThemeVariantChanged -= ActualThemeVariantChanged;
             }