A cross-platform UI framework for .NET
You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
 
 
 

1165 lines
52 KiB

// Copyright © 2003-2004, Luc Maisonobe
// 2015 - Alexey Rozanov <thehdotx@gmail.com> - Adaptations for Avalonia and oval center computations
// 2022 - Alexey Rozanov <thehdotx@gmail.com> - Fix for arcs sometimes drawn in inverted order.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
// or without modification, are permitted provided that
// the following conditions are met:
//
// Redistributions of source code must retain the
// above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
// the following disclaimer.
// Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the
// above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
// the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// Neither the names of spaceroots.org, spaceroots.com
// nor the names of their contributors may be used to
// endorse or promote products derived from this
// software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
// CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
// THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
// DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
// USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
// HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
// IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
// NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
// USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// C#/WPF/Avalonia adaptation by Alexey Rozanov <thehdotx@gmail.com>, 2015.
// I do not mind if anyone would find this adaptation useful, but
// please retain the above disclaimer made by the original class
// author Luc Maisonobe. He worked really hard on this subject, so
// please respect him by at least keeping the above disclaimer intact
// if you use his code.
//
// Commented out some unused values calculations.
// These are not supposed to be removed from the source code,
// as these may be helpful for debugging.
//
// Adapted from http://www.spaceroots.org/documents/ellipse/EllipticalArc.java
using System;
namespace Avalonia.Media
{
static class PreciseEllipticArcHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// This class represents an elliptical arc on a 2D plane.
///
/// This class is adapted for use with WPF StreamGeometryContext, and needs to be created explicitly
/// for each particular arc.
///
/// Some helpers
///
/// It can handle ellipses which are not aligned with the x and y reference axes of the plane,
/// as well as their parts.
///
/// Another improvement is that this class can handle degenerated cases like for example very
/// flat ellipses(semi-minor axis much smaller than semi-major axis) and drawing of very small
/// parts of such ellipses at very high magnification scales.This imply monitoring the drawing
/// approximation error for extremely small values.Such cases occur for example while drawing
/// orbits of comets near the perihelion.
///
/// When the arc does not cover the complete ellipse, the lines joining the center of the
/// ellipse to the endpoints can optionally be included or not in the outline, hence allowing
/// to use it for pie-charts rendering. If these lines are not included, the curve is not
/// naturally closed.
/// </summary>
public sealed class EllipticalArc
{
private const double TwoPi = 2 * Math.PI;
/// <summary>
/// Coefficients for error estimation while using quadratic Bezier curves for approximation,
/// 0 ≤ b/a ≤ 0.25
/// </summary>
private static readonly double[][][] Coeffs2Low = {
new[]
{
new[] {3.92478, -13.5822, -0.233377, 0.0128206},
new[] {-1.08814, 0.859987, 3.62265E-4, 2.29036E-4},
new[] {-0.942512, 0.390456, 0.0080909, 0.00723895},
new[] {-0.736228, 0.20998, 0.0129867, 0.0103456}
},
new[]
{
new[] {-0.395018, 6.82464, 0.0995293, 0.0122198},
new[] {-0.545608, 0.0774863, 0.0267327, 0.0132482},
new[] {0.0534754, -0.0884167, 0.012595, 0.0343396},
new[] {0.209052, -0.0599987, -0.00723897, 0.00789976}
}
};
/// <summary>
/// Coefficients for error estimation while using quadratic Bezier curves for approximation,
/// 0.25 ≤ b/a ≤ 1
/// </summary>
private static readonly double[][][] Coeffs2High = {
new[]
{
new[] {0.0863805, -11.5595, -2.68765, 0.181224},
new[] {0.242856, -1.81073, 1.56876, 1.68544},
new[] {0.233337, -0.455621, 0.222856, 0.403469},
new[] {0.0612978, -0.104879, 0.0446799, 0.00867312}
},
new[]
{
new[] {0.028973, 6.68407, 0.171472, 0.0211706},
new[] {0.0307674, -0.0517815, 0.0216803, -0.0749348},
new[] {-0.0471179, 0.1288, -0.0781702, 2.0},
new[] {-0.0309683, 0.0531557, -0.0227191, 0.0434511}
}
};
/// <summary>
/// Safety factor to convert the "best" error approximation into a "max bound" error
/// </summary>
private static readonly double[] Safety2 = { 0.02, 2.83, 0.125, 0.01 };
/// <summary>
/// Coefficients for error estimation while using cubic Bezier curves for approximation,
/// 0.25 ≤ b/a ≤ 1
/// </summary>
private static readonly double[][][] Coeffs3Low = {
new[]
{
new[] {3.85268, -21.229, -0.330434, 0.0127842},
new[] {-1.61486, 0.706564, 0.225945, 0.263682},
new[] {-0.910164, 0.388383, 0.00551445, 0.00671814},
new[] {-0.630184, 0.192402, 0.0098871, 0.0102527}
},
new[]
{
new[] {-0.162211, 9.94329, 0.13723, 0.0124084},
new[] {-0.253135, 0.00187735, 0.0230286, 0.01264},
new[] {-0.0695069, -0.0437594, 0.0120636, 0.0163087},
new[] {-0.0328856, -0.00926032, -0.00173573, 0.00527385}
}
};
/// <summary>
/// Coefficients for error estimation while using cubic Bezier curves for approximation,
/// 0.25 ≤ b/a ≤ 1
/// </summary>
private static readonly double[][][] Coeffs3High = {
new[]
{
new[] {0.0899116, -19.2349, -4.11711, 0.183362},
new[] {0.138148, -1.45804, 1.32044, 1.38474},
new[] {0.230903, -0.450262, 0.219963, 0.414038},
new[] {0.0590565, -0.101062, 0.0430592, 0.0204699}
},
new[]
{
new[] {0.0164649, 9.89394, 0.0919496, 0.00760802},
new[] {0.0191603, -0.0322058, 0.0134667, -0.0825018},
new[] {0.0156192, -0.017535, 0.00326508, -0.228157},
new[] {-0.0236752, 0.0405821, -0.0173086, 0.176187}
}
};
/// <summary>
/// Safety factor to convert the "best" error approximation into a "max bound" error
/// </summary>
private static readonly double[] Safety3 = { 0.0010, 4.98, 0.207, 0.0067 };
/// <summary>
/// Abscissa of the center of the ellipse
/// </summary>
internal double Cx;
/// <summary>
/// Ordinate of the center of the ellipse
/// </summary>
internal double Cy;
/// <summary>
/// Semi-major axis
/// </summary>
internal double A;
/// <summary>
/// Semi-minor axis
/// </summary>
internal double B;
/// <summary>
/// Orientation of the major axis with respect to the x axis
/// </summary>
internal double Theta;
/// <summary>
/// Pre-calculated cosine value for the major-axis-to-X orientation (Theta)
/// </summary>
private readonly double _cosTheta;
/// <summary>
/// Pre-calculated sine value for the major-axis-to-X orientation (Theta)
/// </summary>
private readonly double _sinTheta;
/// <summary>
/// Start angle of the arc
/// </summary>
internal double Eta1;
/// <summary>
/// End angle of the arc
/// </summary>
internal double Eta2;
/// <summary>
/// Abscissa of the start point
/// </summary>
internal double X1;
/// <summary>
/// Ordinate of the start point
/// </summary>
internal double Y1;
/// <summary>
/// Abscissa of the end point
/// </summary>
internal double X2;
/// <summary>
/// Ordinate of the end point
/// </summary>
internal double Y2;
/// <summary>
/// Abscissa of the first focus
/// </summary>
internal double FirstFocusX;
/// <summary>
/// Ordinate of the first focus
/// </summary>
internal double FirstFocusY;
/// <summary>
/// Abscissa of the second focus
/// </summary>
internal double SecondFocusX;
/// <summary>
/// Ordinate of the second focus
/// </summary>
internal double SecondFocusY;
/// <summary>
/// Abscissa of the leftmost point of the arc
/// </summary>
private double _xLeft;
/// <summary>
/// Ordinate of the highest point of the arc
/// </summary>
private double _yUp;
/// <summary>
/// Horizontal width of the arc
/// </summary>
private double _width;
/// <summary>
/// Vertical height of the arc
/// </summary>
private double _height;
/// <summary>
/// Indicator for center to endpoints line inclusion
/// </summary>
internal bool IsPieSlice;
/// <summary>
/// Maximal degree for Bezier curve approximation
/// </summary>
private int _maxDegree;
/// <summary>
/// Default flatness for Bezier curve approximation
/// </summary>
private double _defaultFlatness;
/// <summary>
/// Indicator for semi-major axis significance (compared to semi-minor one).
/// Computed by dividing the (A-B) difference by the value of A.
/// This indicator is used for an early escape in intersection test
/// </summary>
internal double F;
/// <summary>
/// Indicator used for an early escape in intersection test
/// </summary>
internal double E2;
/// <summary>
/// Indicator used for an early escape in intersection test
/// </summary>
internal double G;
/// <summary>
/// Indicator used for an early escape in intersection test
/// </summary>
internal double G2;
public bool DrawInOppositeDirection { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Builds an elliptical arc composed of the full unit circle around (0,0)
/// </summary>
public EllipticalArc()
{
Cx = 0;
Cy = 0;
A = 1;
B = 1;
Theta = 0;
Eta1 = 0;
Eta2 = TwoPi;
_cosTheta = 1;
_sinTheta = 0;
IsPieSlice = false;
_maxDegree = 3;
_defaultFlatness = 0.5;
ComputeFocii();
ComputeEndPoints();
ComputeBounds();
ComputeDerivedFlatnessParameters();
}
/// <summary>
/// Builds an elliptical arc from its canonical geometrical elements
/// </summary>
/// <param name="center">Center of the ellipse</param>
/// <param name="a">Semi-major axis</param>
/// <param name="b">Semi-minor axis</param>
/// <param name="theta">Orientation of the major axis with respect to the x axis</param>
/// <param name="lambda1">Start angle of the arc</param>
/// <param name="lambda2">End angle of the arc</param>
/// <param name="isPieSlice">If true, the lines between the center of the ellipse
/// and the endpoints are part of the shape (it is pie slice like)</param>
public EllipticalArc(Point center, double a, double b, double theta, double lambda1, double lambda2,
bool isPieSlice) : this(center.X, center.Y, a, b, theta, lambda1,
lambda2, isPieSlice)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Builds an elliptical arc from its canonical geometrical elements
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cx">Abscissa of the center of the ellipse</param>
/// <param name="cy">Ordinate of the center of the ellipse</param>
/// <param name="a">Semi-major axis</param>
/// <param name="b">Semi-minor axis</param>
/// <param name="theta">Orientation of the major axis with respect to the x axis</param>
/// <param name="lambda1">Start angle of the arc</param>
/// <param name="lambda2">End angle of the arc</param>
/// <param name="isPieSlice">If true, the lines between the center of the ellipse
/// and the endpoints are part of the shape (it is pie slice like)</param>
public EllipticalArc(double cx, double cy, double a, double b, double theta, double lambda1, double lambda2,
bool isPieSlice)
{
Cx = cx;
Cy = cy;
A = a;
B = b;
Theta = theta;
IsPieSlice = isPieSlice;
Eta1 = Math.Atan2(Math.Sin(lambda1) / b, Math.Cos(lambda1) / a);
Eta2 = Math.Atan2(Math.Sin(lambda2) / b, Math.Cos(lambda2) / a);
_cosTheta = Math.Cos(theta);
_sinTheta = Math.Sin(theta);
_maxDegree = 3;
_defaultFlatness = 0.5; // half a pixel
Eta2 -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((Eta2 - Eta1) / TwoPi); //make sure we have eta1 <= eta2 <= eta1 + 2 PI
// the preceding correction fails if we have exactly eta2-eta1 == 2*PI
// it reduces the interval to zero length
if (lambda2 - lambda1 > Math.PI && Eta2 - Eta1 < Math.PI)
{
Eta2 += TwoPi;
}
ComputeFocii();
ComputeEndPoints();
ComputeBounds();
ComputeDerivedFlatnessParameters();
}
/// <summary>
/// Build a full ellipse from its canonical geometrical elements
/// </summary>
/// <param name="center">Center of the ellipse</param>
/// <param name="a">Semi-major axis</param>
/// <param name="b">Semi-minor axis</param>
/// <param name="theta">Orientation of the major axis with respect to the x axis</param>
public EllipticalArc(Point center, double a, double b, double theta) : this(center.X, center.Y, a, b, theta)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Build a full ellipse from its canonical geometrical elements
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cx">Abscissa of the center of the ellipse</param>
/// <param name="cy">Ordinate of the center of the ellipse</param>
/// <param name="a">Semi-major axis</param>
/// <param name="b">Semi-minor axis</param>
/// <param name="theta">Orientation of the major axis with respect to the x axis</param>
public EllipticalArc(double cx, double cy, double a, double b, double theta)
{
Cx = cx;
Cy = cy;
A = a;
B = b;
Theta = theta;
IsPieSlice = false;
Eta1 = 0;
Eta2 = TwoPi;
_cosTheta = Math.Cos(theta);
_sinTheta = Math.Sin(theta);
_maxDegree = 3;
_defaultFlatness = 0.5; //half a pixel
ComputeFocii();
ComputeEndPoints();
ComputeBounds();
ComputeDerivedFlatnessParameters();
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the maximal degree allowed for Bezier curve approximation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="maxDegree">Maximal allowed degree (must be between 1 and 3)</param>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if maxDegree is not between 1 and 3</exception>
public void SetMaxDegree(int maxDegree)
{
if (maxDegree < 1 || maxDegree > 3)
{
throw new ArgumentException(@"maxDegree must be between 1 and 3", nameof(maxDegree));
}
_maxDegree = maxDegree;
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the default flatness for Bezier curve approximation
/// </summary>
/// <param name="defaultFlatness">default flatness (must be greater than 1e-10)</param>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if defaultFlatness is lower than 1e-10</exception>
public void SetDefaultFlatness(double defaultFlatness)
{
if (defaultFlatness < 1.0E-10)
{
throw new ArgumentException(@"defaultFlatness must be greater than 1.0e-10", nameof(defaultFlatness));
}
_defaultFlatness = defaultFlatness;
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the locations of the focii
/// </summary>
private void ComputeFocii()
{
double d = Math.Sqrt(A * A - B * B);
double dx = d * _cosTheta;
double dy = d * _sinTheta;
FirstFocusX = Cx - dx;
FirstFocusY = Cy - dy;
SecondFocusX = Cx + dx;
SecondFocusY = Cy + dy;
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the locations of the endpoints
/// </summary>
private void ComputeEndPoints()
{
double aCosEta1 = A * Math.Cos(Eta1);
double bSinEta1 = B * Math.Sin(Eta1);
X1 = Cx + aCosEta1 * _cosTheta - bSinEta1 * _sinTheta;
Y1 = Cy + aCosEta1 * _sinTheta + bSinEta1 * _cosTheta;
double aCosEta2 = A * Math.Cos(Eta2);
double bSinEta2 = B * Math.Sin(Eta2);
X2 = Cx + aCosEta2 * _cosTheta - bSinEta2 * _sinTheta;
Y2 = Cy + aCosEta2 * _sinTheta + bSinEta2 * _cosTheta;
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the bounding box
/// </summary>
private void ComputeBounds()
{
double bOnA = B / A;
double etaXMin;
double etaXMax;
double etaYMin;
double etaYMax;
if (Math.Abs(_sinTheta) < 0.1)
{
double tanTheta = _sinTheta / _cosTheta;
if (_cosTheta < 0)
{
etaXMin = -Math.Atan(tanTheta * bOnA);
etaXMax = etaXMin + Math.PI;
etaYMin = 0.5 * Math.PI - Math.Atan(tanTheta / bOnA);
etaYMax = etaYMin + Math.PI;
}
else
{
etaXMax = -Math.Atan(tanTheta * bOnA);
etaXMin = etaXMax - Math.PI;
etaYMax = 0.5 * Math.PI - Math.Atan(tanTheta / bOnA);
etaYMin = etaYMax - Math.PI;
}
}
else
{
double invTanTheta = _cosTheta / _sinTheta;
if (_sinTheta < 0)
{
etaXMax = 0.5 * Math.PI + Math.Atan(invTanTheta / bOnA);
etaXMin = etaXMax - Math.PI;
etaYMin = Math.Atan(invTanTheta * bOnA);
etaYMax = etaYMin + Math.PI;
}
else
{
etaXMin = 0.5 * Math.PI + Math.Atan(invTanTheta / bOnA);
etaXMax = etaXMin + Math.PI;
etaYMax = Math.Atan(invTanTheta * bOnA);
etaYMin = etaYMax - Math.PI;
}
}
etaXMin -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((etaXMin - Eta1) / TwoPi);
etaYMin -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((etaYMin - Eta1) / TwoPi);
etaXMax -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((etaXMax - Eta1) / TwoPi);
etaYMax -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((etaYMax - Eta1) / TwoPi);
_xLeft = etaXMin <= Eta2
? Cx + A * Math.Cos(etaXMin) * _cosTheta - B * Math.Sin(etaXMin) * _sinTheta
: Math.Min(X1, X2);
_yUp = etaYMin <= Eta2 ? Cy + A * Math.Cos(etaYMin) * _sinTheta + B * Math.Sin(etaYMin) * _cosTheta : Math.Min(Y1, Y2);
_width = (etaXMax <= Eta2
? Cx + A * Math.Cos(etaXMax) * _cosTheta - B * Math.Sin(etaXMax) * _sinTheta
: Math.Max(X1, X2)) - _xLeft;
_height = (etaYMax <= Eta2
? Cy + A * Math.Cos(etaYMax) * _sinTheta + B * Math.Sin(etaYMax) * _cosTheta
: Math.Max(Y1, Y2)) - _yUp;
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the flatness parameters used in intersection tests
/// </summary>
private void ComputeDerivedFlatnessParameters()
{
F = (A - B) / A;
E2 = F * (2.0 - F);
G = 1.0 - F;
G2 = G * G;
}
/// <summary>
/// Computes the value of a rational function.
/// This method handles rational functions where the numerator is quadratic
/// and the denominator is linear
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x">Abscissa for which the value should be computed</param>
/// <param name="c">Coefficients array of the rational function</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static double RationalFunction(double x, double[] c)
{
return (x * (x * c[0] + c[1]) + c[2]) / (x + c[3]);
}
/// <summary>
/// Estimate the approximation error for a sub-arc of the instance
/// </summary>
/// <param name="degree">Degree of the Bezier curve to use (1, 2 or 3)</param>
/// <param name="etaA">Start angle of the sub-arc</param>
/// <param name="etaB">End angle of the sub-arc</param>
/// <returns>Upper bound of the approximation error between the Bezier curve and the real ellipse</returns>
public double EstimateError(int degree, double etaA, double etaB)
{
if (degree < 1 || degree > _maxDegree)
throw new ArgumentException($"degree should be between {1} and {_maxDegree}", nameof(degree));
double eta = 0.5 * (etaA + etaB);
if (degree < 2)
{
//start point
double aCosEtaA = A * Math.Cos(etaA);
double bSinEtaA = B * Math.Sin(etaA);
double xA = Cx + aCosEtaA * _cosTheta - bSinEtaA * _sinTheta;
double yA = Cy + aCosEtaA * _sinTheta + bSinEtaA * _cosTheta;
//end point
double aCosEtaB = A * Math.Cos(etaB);
double bSinEtaB = B * Math.Sin(etaB);
double xB = Cx + aCosEtaB * _cosTheta - bSinEtaB * _sinTheta;
double yB = Cy + aCosEtaB * _sinTheta + bSinEtaB * _cosTheta;
//maximal error point
double aCosEta = A * Math.Cos(eta);
double bSinEta = B * Math.Sin(eta);
double x = Cx + aCosEta * _cosTheta - bSinEta * _sinTheta;
double y = Cy + aCosEta * _sinTheta + bSinEta * _cosTheta;
double dx = xB - xA;
double dy = yB - yA;
return Math.Abs(x * dy - y * dx + xB * yA - xA * yB) / Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
}
else
{
double x = B / A;
double dEta = etaB - etaA;
double cos2 = Math.Cos(2 * eta);
double cos4 = Math.Cos(4 * eta);
double cos6 = Math.Cos(6 * eta);
// select the right coefficients set according to degree and b/a
double[][][] coeffs;
double[] safety;
if (degree == 2)
{
coeffs = x < 0.25 ? Coeffs2Low : Coeffs2High;
safety = Safety2;
}
else
{
coeffs = x < 0.25 ? Coeffs3Low : Coeffs3High;
safety = Safety3;
}
double c0 = RationalFunction(x, coeffs[0][0]) + cos2 * RationalFunction(x, coeffs[0][1]) +
cos4 * RationalFunction(x, coeffs[0][2]) + cos6 * RationalFunction(x,
coeffs[0][3]);
double c1 = RationalFunction(x, coeffs[1][0]) + cos2 * RationalFunction(x, coeffs[1][1]) +
cos4 * RationalFunction(x, coeffs[1][2]) + cos6 * RationalFunction(x,
coeffs[1][3]);
return RationalFunction(x, safety) * A * Math.Exp(c0 + c1 * dEta);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get the elliptical arc point for a given angular parameter
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lambda">Angular parameter for which point is desired</param>
/// <returns>The desired elliptical arc point location</returns>
public Point PointAt(double lambda)
{
double eta = Math.Atan2(Math.Sin(lambda) / B, Math.Cos(lambda) / A);
double aCosEta = A * Math.Cos(eta);
double bSinEta = B * Math.Sin(eta);
Point p = new Point(Cx + aCosEta * _cosTheta - bSinEta * _sinTheta, Cy + aCosEta * _sinTheta + bSinEta * _cosTheta);
return p;
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if the specified coordinates are inside the closed shape formed by this arc.
/// If this is not a pie, then a shape derived by adding a closing chord is considered.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x">Abscissa of the test point</param>
/// <param name="y">Ordinate of the test point</param>
/// <returns>True if the specified coordinates are inside the closed shape of this arc</returns>
public bool Contains(double x, double y)
{
// position relative to the focii
double dx1 = x - FirstFocusX;
double dy1 = y - FirstFocusY;
double dx2 = x - SecondFocusX;
double dy2 = y - SecondFocusY;
if (dx1 * dx1 + dy1 * dy1 + dx2 * dx2 + dy2 * dy2 > 4 * A * A)
{
// the point is outside of the ellipse
return false;
}
if (IsPieSlice)
{
// check the location of the test point with respect to the
// angular sector counted from the center of the ellipse
double dxC = x - Cx;
double dyC = y - Cy;
double u = dxC * _cosTheta + dyC * _sinTheta;
double v = dyC * _cosTheta - dxC * _sinTheta;
double eta = Math.Atan2(v / B, u / A);
eta -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((eta - Eta1) / TwoPi);
return eta <= Eta2;
}
// check the location of the test point with respect to the
// chord joining the start and end points
double dx = X2 - X1;
double dy = Y2 - Y1;
return x * dy - y * dx + X2 * Y1 - X1 * Y2 >= 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if a line segment intersects the arc
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xA">abscissa of the first point of the line segment</param>
/// <param name="yA">ordinate of the first point of the line segment</param>
/// <param name="xB">abscissa of the second point of the line segment</param>
/// <param name="yB">ordinate of the second point of the line segment</param>
/// <returns>true if the two line segments intersect</returns>
private bool IntersectArc(double xA, double yA, double xB, double yB)
{
double dx = xA - xB;
double dy = yA - yB;
double l = Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
if (l < 1.0E-10 * A)
{
// too small line segment, we consider it doesn't intersect anything
return false;
}
double cz = (dx * _cosTheta + dy * _sinTheta) / l;
double sz = (dy * _cosTheta - dx * _sinTheta) / l;
// express position of the first point in canonical frame
dx = xA - Cx;
dy = yA - Cy;
double u = dx * _cosTheta + dy * _sinTheta;
double v = dy * _cosTheta - dx * _sinTheta;
double u2 = u * u;
double v2 = v * v;
double g2U2Ma2 = G2 * (u2 - A * A);
//double g2U2Ma2Mv2 = g2U2Ma2 - v2;
double g2U2Ma2Pv2 = g2U2Ma2 + v2;
// compute intersections with the ellipse along the line
// as the roots of a 2nd degree polynom : c0 k^2 - 2 c1 k + c2 = 0
double c0 = 1.0 - E2 * cz * cz;
double c1 = G2 * u * cz + v * sz;
double c2 = g2U2Ma2Pv2;
double c12 = c1 * c1;
double c0C2 = c0 * c2;
if (c12 < c0C2)
{
// the line does not intersect the ellipse at all
return false;
}
double k = c1 >= 0 ? (c1 + Math.Sqrt(c12 - c0C2)) / c0 : c2 / (c1 - Math.Sqrt(c12 - c0C2));
if (k >= 0 && k <= l)
{
double uIntersect = u - k * cz;
double vIntersect = v - k * sz;
double eta = Math.Atan2(vIntersect / B, uIntersect / A);
eta -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((eta - Eta1) / TwoPi);
if (eta <= Eta2)
{
return true;
}
}
k = c2 / (k * c0);
if (k >= 0 && k <= l)
{
double uIntersect = u - k * cz;
double vIntersect = v - k * sz;
double eta = Math.Atan2(vIntersect / B, uIntersect / A);
eta -= TwoPi * Math.Floor((eta - Eta1) / TwoPi);
if (eta <= Eta2)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if two line segments intersect
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x1">Abscissa of the first point of the first line segment</param>
/// <param name="y1">Ordinate of the first point of the first line segment</param>
/// <param name="x2">Abscissa of the second point of the first line segment</param>
/// <param name="y2">Ordinate of the second point of the first line segment</param>
/// <param name="xA">Abscissa of the first point of the second line segment</param>
/// <param name="yA">Ordinate of the first point of the second line segment</param>
/// <param name="xB">Abscissa of the second point of the second line segment</param>
/// <param name="yB">Ordinate of the second point of the second line segment</param>
/// <returns>true if the two line segments intersect</returns>
private static bool Intersect(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double xA, double yA, double xB,
double yB)
{
// elements of the equation of the (1, 2) line segment
double dx12 = x2 - x1;
double dy12 = y2 - y1;
double k12 = x2 * y1 - x1 * y2;
// elements of the equation of the (A, B) line segment
double dxAb = xB - xA;
double dyAb = yB - yA;
double kAb = xB * yA - xA * yB;
// compute relative positions of endpoints versus line segments
double pAvs12 = xA * dy12 - yA * dx12 + k12;
double pBvs12 = xB * dy12 - yB * dx12 + k12;
double p1VsAb = x1 * dyAb - y1 * dxAb + kAb;
double p2VsAb = x2 * dyAb - y2 * dxAb + kAb;
return pAvs12 * pBvs12 <= 0 && p1VsAb * p2VsAb <= 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if a line segment intersects the outline
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xA">Abscissa of the first point of the line segment</param>
/// <param name="yA">Ordinate of the first point of the line segment</param>
/// <param name="xB">Abscissa of the second point of the line segment</param>
/// <param name="yB">Ordinate of the second point of the line segment</param>
/// <returns>true if the two line segments intersect</returns>
private bool IntersectOutline(double xA, double yA, double xB, double yB)
{
if (IntersectArc(xA, yA, xB, yB))
{
return true;
}
if (IsPieSlice)
{
return Intersect(Cx, Cy, X1, Y1, xA, yA, xB, yB) || Intersect(Cx, Cy, X2, Y2, xA, yA, xB, yB);
}
return Intersect(X1, Y1, X2, Y2, xA, yA, xB, yB);
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if the interior of a closed path derived from this arc entirely contains the specified rectangular area.
/// The closed path is derived with respect to the IsPieSlice value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x">Abscissa of the upper-left corner of the test rectangle</param>
/// <param name="y">Ordinate of the upper-left corner of the test rectangle</param>
/// <param name="w">Width of the test rectangle</param>
/// <param name="h">Height of the test rectangle</param>
/// <returns>true if the interior of a closed path derived from this arc entirely contains the specified rectangular area; false otherwise</returns>
public bool Contains(double x, double y, double w, double h)
{
double xPlusW = x + w;
double yPlusH = y + h;
return Contains(x, y) && Contains(xPlusW, y) && Contains(x, yPlusH) && Contains(xPlusW, yPlusH) &&
!IntersectOutline(x, y, xPlusW, y) && !IntersectOutline(xPlusW,
y, xPlusW, yPlusH) && !IntersectOutline(xPlusW, yPlusH, x, yPlusH) &&
!IntersectOutline(x, yPlusH, x, y);
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if a specified Point2D is inside the boundary of a closed path derived from this arc.
/// The closed path is derived with respect to the IsPieSlice value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p">Test point</param>
/// <returns>true if the specified point is inside a closed path derived from this arc</returns>
public bool Contains(Point p)
{
return Contains(p.X, p.Y);
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if the interior of a closed path derived from this arc entirely contains the specified Rectangle2D.
/// The closed path is derived with respect to the IsPieSlice value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="r">Test rectangle</param>
/// <returns>True if the interior of a closed path derived from this arc entirely contains the specified Rectangle2D; false otherwise</returns>
public bool Contains(Rect r)
{
return Contains(r.X, r.Y, r.Width, r.Height);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns an integer Rectangle that completely encloses the closed path derived from this arc.
/// The closed path is derived with respect to the IsPieSlice value.
/// </summary>
public Rect GetBounds()
{
return new Rect(_xLeft, _yUp, _width, _height);
}
/// <summary>
/// Builds the arc outline using given StreamGeometryContext and default (max) Bezier curve degree and acceptable error of half a pixel (0.5)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">A StreamGeometryContext to output the path commands to</param>
public void BuildArc(StreamGeometryContext path)
{
BuildArc(path, _maxDegree, _defaultFlatness, true);
}
/// <summary>
/// Builds the arc outline using given StreamGeometryContext
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">A StreamGeometryContext to output the path commands to</param>
/// <param name="degree">degree of the Bezier curve to use</param>
/// <param name="threshold">acceptable error</param>
/// <param name="openNewFigure">if true, a new figure will be started in the specified StreamGeometryContext</param>
public void BuildArc(StreamGeometryContext path, int degree, double threshold, bool openNewFigure)
{
if (degree < 1 || degree > _maxDegree)
throw new ArgumentException($"degree should be between {1} and {_maxDegree}", nameof(degree));
// find the number of Bezier curves needed
bool found = false;
int n = 1;
double dEta;
double etaB;
while (!found && n < 1024)
{
dEta = (Eta2 - Eta1) / n;
if (dEta <= 0.5 * Math.PI)
{
etaB = Eta1;
found = true;
for (int i = 0; found && i < n; ++i)
{
double etaA = etaB;
etaB += dEta;
found = EstimateError(degree, etaA, etaB) <= threshold;
}
}
n = n << 1;
}
if (!DrawInOppositeDirection)
{
dEta = (Eta2 - Eta1) / n;
etaB = Eta1;
}
else
{
dEta = (Eta1 - Eta2) / n;
etaB = Eta2;
}
double cosEtaB = Math.Cos(etaB);
double sinEtaB = Math.Sin(etaB);
double aCosEtaB = A * cosEtaB;
double bSinEtaB = B * sinEtaB;
double aSinEtaB = A * sinEtaB;
double bCosEtaB = B * cosEtaB;
double xB = Cx + aCosEtaB * _cosTheta - bSinEtaB * _sinTheta;
double yB = Cy + aCosEtaB * _sinTheta + bSinEtaB * _cosTheta;
double xBDot = -aSinEtaB * _cosTheta - bCosEtaB * _sinTheta;
double yBDot = -aSinEtaB * _sinTheta + bCosEtaB * _cosTheta;
/*
This controls the drawing in case of pies
if (openNewFigure)
{
if (IsPieSlice)
{
path.BeginFigure(new Point(Cx, Cy), false, false);
path.LineTo(new Point(xB, yB), true, true);
}
else
{
path.BeginFigure(new Point(xB, yB), false, false);
}
}
else
{
//path.LineTo(new Point(xB, yB), true, true);
}
*/
//otherwise we're supposed to be already at the (xB,yB)
double t = Math.Tan(0.5 * dEta);
double alpha = Math.Sin(dEta) * (Math.Sqrt(4 + 3 * t * t) - 1) / 3;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
//double etaA = etaB;
double xA = xB;
double yA = yB;
double xADot = xBDot;
double yADot = yBDot;
etaB += dEta;
cosEtaB = Math.Cos(etaB);
sinEtaB = Math.Sin(etaB);
aCosEtaB = A * cosEtaB;
bSinEtaB = B * sinEtaB;
aSinEtaB = A * sinEtaB;
bCosEtaB = B * cosEtaB;
xB = Cx + aCosEtaB * _cosTheta - bSinEtaB * _sinTheta;
yB = Cy + aCosEtaB * _sinTheta + bSinEtaB * _cosTheta;
xBDot = -aSinEtaB * _cosTheta - bCosEtaB * _sinTheta;
yBDot = -aSinEtaB * _sinTheta + bCosEtaB * _cosTheta;
if (degree == 1)
{
path.LineTo(new Point(xB, yB));
}
else if (degree == 2)
{
double k = (yBDot * (xB - xA) - xBDot * (yB - yA)) / (xADot * yBDot - yADot * xBDot);
path.QuadraticBezierTo(new Point(xA + k * xADot, yA + k * yADot), new Point(xB, yB));
}
else
{
path.CubicBezierTo(
new Point(xA + alpha * xADot, yA + alpha * yADot),
new Point(xB - alpha * xBDot, yB - alpha * yBDot),
new Point(xB, yB)
);
}
}
if (IsPieSlice)
{
path.LineTo(new Point(Cx, Cy));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates the angle between two vectors
/// </summary>
/// <param name="v1">Vector V1</param>
/// <param name="v2">Vector V2</param>
/// <returns>The signed angle between v2 and v1</returns>
static double GetAngle(Vector v1, Vector v2)
{
var scalar = v1 * v2;
return Math.Atan2(v1.X * v2.Y - v2.X * v1.Y, scalar);
}
/// <summary>
/// Simple matrix used for rotate transforms.
/// At some point I did not trust the WPF Matrix struct, and wrote my own simple one -_-
/// This is supposed to be replaced with proper WPF Matrices everywhere
/// </summary>
private readonly struct SimpleMatrix
{
private readonly double _a, _b, _c, _d;
public SimpleMatrix(double a, double b, double c, double d)
{
_a = a;
_b = b;
_c = c;
_d = d;
}
public static Point operator *(SimpleMatrix m, Point p)
{
return new Point(m._a * p.X + m._b * p.Y, m._c * p.X + m._d * p.Y);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// ArcTo Helper for StreamGeometryContext
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">Target path</param>
/// <param name="p1">Start point</param>
/// <param name="p2">End point</param>
/// <param name="size">Ellipse radii</param>
/// <param name="theta">Ellipse theta (angle measured from the abscissa)</param>
/// <param name="isLargeArc">Large Arc Indicator</param>
/// <param name="clockwise">Clockwise direction flag</param>
public static void BuildArc(StreamGeometryContext path, Point p1, Point p2, Size size, double theta, bool isLargeArc, bool clockwise)
{
// var orthogonalizer = new RotateTransform(-theta);
var orth = new SimpleMatrix(Math.Cos(theta), Math.Sin(theta), -Math.Sin(theta), Math.Cos(theta));
var rest = new SimpleMatrix(Math.Cos(theta), -Math.Sin(theta), Math.Sin(theta), Math.Cos(theta));
// var restorer = orthogonalizer.Inverse;
// if(restorer == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Can't get a restorer!");
Point p1S = orth * (new Point((p1.X - p2.X) / 2, (p1.Y - p2.Y) / 2));
double rx = size.Width;
double ry = size.Height;
double rx2 = rx * rx;
double ry2 = ry * ry;
double y1S2 = p1S.Y * p1S.Y;
double x1S2 = p1S.X * p1S.X;
double numerator = rx2*ry2 - rx2*y1S2 - ry2*x1S2;
double denominator = rx2*y1S2 + ry2*x1S2;
if (Math.Abs(denominator) < 1e-8)
{
path.LineTo(p2);
return;
}
if ((numerator / denominator) < 0)
{
double lambda = x1S2/rx2 + y1S2/ry2;
double lambdaSqrt = Math.Sqrt(lambda);
if (lambda > 1)
{
rx *= lambdaSqrt;
ry *= lambdaSqrt;
rx2 = rx*rx;
ry2 = ry*ry;
numerator = rx2 * ry2 - rx2 * y1S2 - ry2 * x1S2;
if (numerator < 0)
numerator = 0;
denominator = rx2 * y1S2 + ry2 * x1S2;
}
}
double multiplier = Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(numerator / denominator));
Point mulVec = new Point(rx * p1S.Y / ry, -ry * p1S.X / rx);
int sign = (clockwise != isLargeArc) ? 1 : -1;
Point cs = new Point(mulVec.X * multiplier * sign, mulVec.Y * multiplier * sign);
Vector translation = new Vector((p1.X + p2.X) / 2, (p1.Y + p2.Y) / 2);
Point c = rest * (cs) + translation;
// See "https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/implnote.html#ArcConversionEndpointToCenter" to understand
// how the ellipse center is calculated
// from here, W3C recommendations from the above link make less sense than Darth Vader pouring
// some sea water in a water filter while standing in the water confused
// Therefore, we are on our own with our task of finding out lambda1 and lambda2
// matching our points p1 and p2.
// Fortunately it is not so difficult now, when we already know the ellipse centre.
// We eliminate the offset, making our ellipse zero-centered, then we eliminate the theta,
// making its Y and X axes the same as global axes. Then we can easily get our angles using
// good old school formula for angles between vectors.
// We should remember that this class expects true angles, and not the t-values for ellipse equation.
// To understand how t-values are obtained, one should see Etas calculation in the constructor code.
var p1NoOffset = orth * (p1-c);
var p2NoOffset = orth * (p2-c);
// if the arc is drawn clockwise, we swap start and end points
var revisedP1 = clockwise ? p1NoOffset : p2NoOffset;
var revisedP2 = clockwise ? p2NoOffset : p1NoOffset;
var thetaStart = GetAngle(new Vector(1, 0), revisedP1);
var thetaEnd = GetAngle(new Vector(1, 0), revisedP2);
// Uncomment this to draw a pie
// path.LineTo(c, true, true);
// path.LineTo(clockwise ? p1 : p2, true,true);
var arc = new EllipticalArc(c.X, c.Y, rx, ry, theta, thetaStart, thetaEnd, false);
double ManhattanDistance(Point p1, Point p2) => Math.Abs(p1.X - p2.X) + Math.Abs(p1.Y - p2.Y);
if (ManhattanDistance(p2, new Point(arc.X2, arc.Y2)) > ManhattanDistance(p2, new Point(arc.X1, arc.Y1)))
{
arc.DrawInOppositeDirection = true;
}
arc.BuildArc(path, arc._maxDegree, arc._defaultFlatness, false);
//path.LineTo(p2);
//uncomment this to draw a pie
//path.LineTo(c, true, true);
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if the interior of the closed path derived from this arc intersects the interior of a specified rectangular area.
/// The closed path is derived with respect to the IsPieSlice value.
/// </summary>
public bool Intersects(double x, double y, double w, double h)
{
double xPlusW = x + w;
double yPlusH = y + h;
return Contains(x, y) || Contains(xPlusW, y) || Contains(x, yPlusH) || Contains(xPlusW, yPlusH) ||
IntersectOutline(x, y, xPlusW, y) || IntersectOutline(xPlusW,
y, xPlusW, yPlusH) || IntersectOutline(xPlusW, yPlusH, x, yPlusH) ||
IntersectOutline(x, yPlusH, x, y);
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if the interior of the closed path derived from this arc intersects the interior of a specified rectangular area.
/// The closed path is derived with respect to the IsPieSlice value.
/// </summary>
public bool Intersects(Rect r)
{
return Intersects(r.X, r.Y, r.Width, r.Height);
}
}
public static void ArcTo(StreamGeometryContext streamGeometryContextImpl, Point currentPoint, Point point, Size size, double rotationAngle, bool isLargeArc, SweepDirection sweepDirection)
{
EllipticalArc.BuildArc(streamGeometryContextImpl, currentPoint, point, size, rotationAngle*(Math.PI/180),
isLargeArc,
sweepDirection == SweepDirection.Clockwise);
}
}
}