A cross-platform UI framework for .NET
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// Color conversion portions of this source file are adapted from the WinUI project
// (https://github.com/microsoft/microsoft-ui-xaml)
// and the Windows Community Toolkit project.
// (https://github.com/CommunityToolkit/WindowsCommunityToolkit)
//
// Licensed to The Avalonia Project under MIT License, courtesy of The .NET Foundation.
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;
#if !BUILDTASK
using Avalonia.Animation.Animators;
#endif
using static Avalonia.Utilities.SpanHelpers;
namespace Avalonia.Media
{
/// <summary>
/// An ARGB color.
/// </summary>
#if !BUILDTASK
public
#endif
readonly struct Color : IEquatable<Color>
{
private const double byteToDouble = 1.0 / 255;
/// <summary>
/// Gets the Alpha component of the color.
/// </summary>
public byte A { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the Red component of the color.
/// </summary>
public byte R { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the Green component of the color.
/// </summary>
public byte G { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the Blue component of the color.
/// </summary>
public byte B { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Color"/> struct.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="a">The alpha component.</param>
/// <param name="r">The red component.</param>
/// <param name="g">The green component.</param>
/// <param name="b">The blue component.</param>
public Color(byte a, byte r, byte g, byte b)
{
A = a;
R = r;
G = g;
B = b;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a <see cref="Color"/> from alpha, red, green and blue components.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="a">The alpha component.</param>
/// <param name="r">The red component.</param>
/// <param name="g">The green component.</param>
/// <param name="b">The blue component.</param>
/// <returns>The color.</returns>
public static Color FromArgb(byte a, byte r, byte g, byte b)
{
return new Color(a, r, g, b);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a <see cref="Color"/> from red, green and blue components.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="r">The red component.</param>
/// <param name="g">The green component.</param>
/// <param name="b">The blue component.</param>
/// <returns>The color.</returns>
public static Color FromRgb(byte r, byte g, byte b)
{
return new Color(0xff, r, g, b);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a <see cref="Color"/> from an integer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">The integer value.</param>
/// <returns>The color.</returns>
public static Color FromUInt32(uint value)
{
return new Color(
(byte)((value >> 24) & 0xff),
(byte)((value >> 16) & 0xff),
(byte)((value >> 8) & 0xff),
(byte)(value & 0xff)
);
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses a color string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="s">The color string.</param>
/// <returns>The <see cref="Color"/>.</returns>
public static Color Parse(string s)
{
if (s is null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(s));
}
if (TryParse(s, out Color color))
{
return color;
}
throw new FormatException($"Invalid color string: '{s}'.");
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses a color string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="s">The color string.</param>
/// <returns>The <see cref="Color"/>.</returns>
public static Color Parse(ReadOnlySpan<char> s)
{
if (TryParse(s, out Color color))
{
return color;
}
throw new FormatException($"Invalid color string: '{s.ToString()}'.");
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses a color string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="s">The color string.</param>
/// <param name="color">The parsed color</param>
/// <returns>The status of the operation.</returns>
public static bool TryParse(string? s, out Color color)
{
color = default;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s))
{
return false;
}
if (s[0] == '#' &&
TryParseHexFormat(s.AsSpan(), out color))
{
return true;
}
// Note: The length checks are also an important optimization.
// The shortest possible CSS format is "rbg(0,0,0)", Length = 10.
if (s.Length >= 10 &&
(s[0] == 'r' || s[0] == 'R') &&
(s[1] == 'g' || s[1] == 'G') &&
(s[2] == 'b' || s[2] == 'B') &&
TryParseCssFormat(s, out color))
{
return true;
}
if (s.Length >= 10 &&
(s[0] == 'h' || s[0] == 'H') &&
(s[1] == 's' || s[1] == 'S') &&
(s[2] == 'l' || s[2] == 'L') &&
HslColor.TryParse(s, out HslColor hslColor))
{
color = hslColor.ToRgb();
return true;
}
if (s.Length >= 10 &&
(s[0] == 'h' || s[0] == 'H') &&
(s[1] == 's' || s[1] == 'S') &&
(s[2] == 'v' || s[2] == 'V') &&
HsvColor.TryParse(s, out HsvColor hsvColor))
{
color = hsvColor.ToRgb();
return true;
}
var knownColor = KnownColors.GetKnownColor(s);
if (knownColor != KnownColor.None)
{
color = knownColor.ToColor();
return true;
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses a color string.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="s">The color string.</param>
/// <param name="color">The parsed color</param>
/// <returns>The status of the operation.</returns>
public static bool TryParse(ReadOnlySpan<char> s, out Color color)
{
if (s.Length == 0)
{
color = default;
return false;
}
if (s[0] == '#' &&
TryParseHexFormat(s, out color))
{
return true;
}
// At this point all parsing uses strings
var str = s.ToString();
// Note: The length checks are also an important optimization.
// The shortest possible CSS format is "rbg(0,0,0)", Length = 10.
if (s.Length >= 10 &&
(s[0] == 'r' || s[0] == 'R') &&
(s[1] == 'g' || s[1] == 'G') &&
(s[2] == 'b' || s[2] == 'B') &&
TryParseCssFormat(str, out color))
{
return true;
}
if (s.Length >= 10 &&
(s[0] == 'h' || s[0] == 'H') &&
(s[1] == 's' || s[1] == 'S') &&
(s[2] == 'l' || s[2] == 'L') &&
HslColor.TryParse(str, out HslColor hslColor))
{
color = hslColor.ToRgb();
return true;
}
if (s.Length >= 10 &&
(s[0] == 'h' || s[0] == 'H') &&
(s[1] == 's' || s[1] == 'S') &&
(s[2] == 'v' || s[2] == 'V') &&
HsvColor.TryParse(str, out HsvColor hsvColor))
{
color = hsvColor.ToRgb();
return true;
}
var knownColor = KnownColors.GetKnownColor(str);
if (knownColor != KnownColor.None)
{
color = knownColor.ToColor();
return true;
}
color = default;
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses the given span of characters representing a hex color value into a new <see cref="Color"/>.
/// </summary>
private static bool TryParseHexFormat(ReadOnlySpan<char> s, out Color color)
{
static bool TryParseCore(ReadOnlySpan<char> input, ref Color color)
{
var alphaComponent = 0u;
if (input.Length == 6)
{
alphaComponent = 0xff000000;
}
else if (input.Length != 8)
{
return false;
}
if (!input.TryParseUInt(NumberStyles.HexNumber, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var parsed))
{
return false;
}
color = FromUInt32(parsed | alphaComponent);
return true;
}
color = default;
ReadOnlySpan<char> input = s.Slice(1);
// Handle shorthand cases like #FFF (RGB) or #FFFF (ARGB).
if (input.Length == 3 || input.Length == 4)
{
var extendedLength = 2 * input.Length;
#if !BUILDTASK
Span<char> extended = stackalloc char[extendedLength];
#else
char[] extended = new char[extendedLength];
#endif
for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)
{
extended[2 * i + 0] = input[i];
extended[2 * i + 1] = input[i];
}
return TryParseCore(extended, ref color);
}
return TryParseCore(input, ref color);
}
/// <summary>
/// Parses the given string representing a CSS color value into a new <see cref="Color"/>.
/// </summary>
private static bool TryParseCssFormat(string? s, out Color color)
{
bool prefixMatched = false;
color = default;
if (s is null)
{
return false;
}
string workingString = s.Trim();
if (workingString.Length == 0 ||
workingString.IndexOf(",", StringComparison.Ordinal) < 0)
{
return false;
}
if (workingString.Length >= 11 &&
workingString.StartsWith("rgba(", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
workingString.EndsWith(")", StringComparison.Ordinal))
{
workingString = workingString.Substring(5, workingString.Length - 6);
prefixMatched = true;
}
if (prefixMatched == false &&
workingString.Length >= 10 &&
workingString.StartsWith("rgb(", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
workingString.EndsWith(")", StringComparison.Ordinal))
{
workingString = workingString.Substring(4, workingString.Length - 5);
prefixMatched = true;
}
if (prefixMatched == false)
{
return false;
}
string[] components = workingString.Split(',');
if (components.Length == 3) // RGB
{
if (InternalTryParseByte(components[0].AsSpan(), out byte red) &&
InternalTryParseByte(components[1].AsSpan(), out byte green) &&
InternalTryParseByte(components[2].AsSpan(), out byte blue))
{
color = new Color(0xFF, red, green, blue);
return true;
}
}
else if (components.Length == 4) // RGBA
{
if (InternalTryParseByte(components[0].AsSpan(), out byte red) &&
InternalTryParseByte(components[1].AsSpan(), out byte green) &&
InternalTryParseByte(components[2].AsSpan(), out byte blue) &&
InternalTryParseDouble(components[3].AsSpan(), out double alpha))
{
color = new Color((byte)Math.Round(alpha * 255.0), red, green, blue);
return true;
}
}
// Local function to specially parse a byte value with an optional percentage sign
bool InternalTryParseByte(ReadOnlySpan<char> inString, out byte outByte)
{
// The percent sign, if it exists, must be at the end of the number
int percentIndex = inString.IndexOf("%".AsSpan(), StringComparison.Ordinal);
if (percentIndex >= 0)
{
var result = inString.Slice(0, percentIndex).TryParseDouble(NumberStyles.Number, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
out double percentage);
outByte = (byte)Math.Round((percentage / 100.0) * 255.0);
return result;
}
else
{
return inString.TryParseByte(NumberStyles.Number, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
out outByte);
}
}
// Local function to specially parse a double value with an optional percentage sign
bool InternalTryParseDouble(ReadOnlySpan<char> inString, out double outDouble)
{
// The percent sign, if it exists, must be at the end of the number
int percentIndex = inString.IndexOf("%".AsSpan(), StringComparison.Ordinal);
if (percentIndex >= 0)
{
var result = inString.Slice(0, percentIndex).TryParseDouble(NumberStyles.Number, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
out double percentage);
outDouble = percentage / 100.0;
return result;
}
else
{
return inString.TryParseDouble(NumberStyles.Number, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
out outDouble);
}
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the string representation of the color.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// The string representation of the color.
/// </returns>
public override string ToString()
{
uint rgb = ToUInt32();
return KnownColors.GetKnownColorName(rgb) ?? $"#{rgb.ToString("x8", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)}";
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the integer representation of the color.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// The integer representation of the color.
/// </returns>
public uint ToUInt32()
{
return ((uint)A << 24) | ((uint)R << 16) | ((uint)G << 8) | (uint)B;
}
/// <inheritdoc cref="Color.ToUInt32"/>
[Obsolete("Use Color.ToUInt32() instead."), EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
public uint ToUint32()
{
return ToUInt32();
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the HSL color model equivalent of this RGB color.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The HSL equivalent color.</returns>
public HslColor ToHsl()
{
return Color.ToHsl(R, G, B, A);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the HSV color model equivalent of this RGB color.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The HSV equivalent color.</returns>
public HsvColor ToHsv()
{
return Color.ToHsv(R, G, B, A);
}
/// <inheritdoc/>
public bool Equals(Color other)
{
return A == other.A && R == other.R && G == other.G && B == other.B;
}
/// <inheritdoc/>
public override bool Equals(object? obj)
{
return obj is Color other && Equals(other);
}
/// <inheritdoc/>
public override int GetHashCode()
{
unchecked
{
int hashCode = A.GetHashCode();
hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ R.GetHashCode();
hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ G.GetHashCode();
hashCode = (hashCode * 397) ^ B.GetHashCode();
return hashCode;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the given RGBA color component values to their HSL color equivalent.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="red">The Red component in the RGB color model.</param>
/// <param name="green">The Green component in the RGB color model.</param>
/// <param name="blue">The Blue component in the RGB color model.</param>
/// <param name="alpha">The Alpha component.</param>
/// <returns>A new <see cref="HslColor"/> equivalent to the given RGBA values.</returns>
public static HslColor ToHsl(
byte red,
byte green,
byte blue,
byte alpha = 0xFF)
{
// Normalize RGBA components into the 0..1 range
return Color.ToHsl(
(byteToDouble * red),
(byteToDouble * green),
(byteToDouble * blue),
(byteToDouble * alpha));
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the given RGBA color component values to their HSL color equivalent.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Warning: No bounds checks or clamping is done on the input component values.
/// This method is for internal-use only and the caller must ensure bounds.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="r">The Red component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <param name="g">The Green component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <param name="b">The Blue component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <param name="a">The Alpha component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <returns>A new <see cref="HslColor"/> equivalent to the given RGBA values.</returns>
internal static HslColor ToHsl(
double r,
double g,
double b,
double a = 1.0)
{
// Note: Conversion code is originally based on ColorHelper in the Windows Community Toolkit (licensed MIT)
// https://github.com/CommunityToolkit/WindowsCommunityToolkit/blob/main/Microsoft.Toolkit.Uwp/Helpers/ColorHelper.cs
// It has been modified.
double max = r >= g ? (r >= b ? r : b) : (g >= b ? g : b);
double min = r <= g ? (r <= b ? r : b) : (g <= b ? g : b);
double chroma = max - min;
double h1;
if (chroma == 0)
{
h1 = 0;
}
else if (max == r)
{
// The % operator doesn't do proper modulo on negative
// numbers, so we'll add 6 before using it
h1 = (((g - b) / chroma) + 6) % 6;
}
else if (max == g)
{
h1 = 2 + ((b - r) / chroma);
}
else
{
h1 = 4 + ((r - g) / chroma);
}
double lightness = 0.5 * (max + min);
double saturation = chroma == 0 ? 0 : chroma / (1 - Math.Abs((2 * lightness) - 1));
return new HslColor(a, 60 * h1, saturation, lightness, clampValues: false);
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the given RGBA color component values to their HSV color equivalent.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="red">The Red component in the RGB color model.</param>
/// <param name="green">The Green component in the RGB color model.</param>
/// <param name="blue">The Blue component in the RGB color model.</param>
/// <param name="alpha">The Alpha component.</param>
/// <returns>A new <see cref="HsvColor"/> equivalent to the given RGBA values.</returns>
public static HsvColor ToHsv(
byte red,
byte green,
byte blue,
byte alpha = 0xFF)
{
// Normalize RGBA components into the 0..1 range
return Color.ToHsv(
(byteToDouble * red),
(byteToDouble * green),
(byteToDouble * blue),
(byteToDouble * alpha));
}
/// <summary>
/// Converts the given RGBA color component values to their HSV color equivalent.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Warning: No bounds checks or clamping is done on the input component values.
/// This method is for internal-use only and the caller must ensure bounds.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="r">The Red component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <param name="g">The Green component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <param name="b">The Blue component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <param name="a">The Alpha component in the RGB color model within the range 0..1.</param>
/// <returns>A new <see cref="HsvColor"/> equivalent to the given RGBA values.</returns>
internal static HsvColor ToHsv(
double r,
double g,
double b,
double a = 1.0)
{
// Note: Conversion code is originally based on the C++ in WinUI (licensed MIT)
// https://github.com/microsoft/microsoft-ui-xaml/blob/main/dev/Common/ColorConversion.cpp
// This was used because it is the best documented and likely most optimized for performance
// Alpha support was added
double hue;
double saturation;
double value;
double max = r >= g ? (r >= b ? r : b) : (g >= b ? g : b);
double min = r <= g ? (r <= b ? r : b) : (g <= b ? g : b);
// The value, a number between 0 and 1, is the largest of R, G, and B (divided by 255).
// Conceptually speaking, it represents how much color is present.
// If at least one of R, G, B is 255, then there exists as much color as there can be.
// If RGB = (0, 0, 0), then there exists no color at all - a value of zero corresponds
// to black (i.e., the absence of any color).
value = max;
// The "chroma" of the color is a value directly proportional to the extent to which
// the color diverges from greyscale. If, for example, we have RGB = (255, 255, 0),
// then the chroma is maximized - this is a pure yellow, no gray of any kind.
// On the other hand, if we have RGB = (128, 128, 128), then the chroma being zero
// implies that this color is pure greyscale, with no actual hue to be found.
var chroma = max - min;
// If the chrome is zero, then hue is technically undefined - a greyscale color
// has no hue. For the sake of convenience, we'll just set hue to zero, since
// it will be unused in this circumstance. Since the color is purely gray,
// saturation is also equal to zero - you can think of saturation as basically
// a measure of hue intensity, such that no hue at all corresponds to a
// nonexistent intensity.
if (chroma == 0)
{
hue = 0.0;
saturation = 0.0;
}
else
{
// In this block, hue is properly defined, so we'll extract both hue
// and saturation information from the RGB color.
// Hue can be thought of as a cyclical thing, between 0 degrees and 360 degrees.
// A hue of 0 degrees is red; 120 degrees is green; 240 degrees is blue; and 360 is back to red.
// Every other hue is somewhere between either red and green, green and blue, and blue and red,
// so every other hue can be thought of as an angle on this color wheel.
// These if/else statements determines where on this color wheel our color lies.
if (r == max)
{
// If the red channel is the most pronounced channel, then we exist
// somewhere between (-60, 60) on the color wheel - i.e., the section around 0 degrees
// where red dominates. We figure out where in that section we are exactly
// by considering whether the green or the blue channel is greater - by subtracting green from blue,
// then if green is greater, we'll nudge ourselves closer to 60, whereas if blue is greater, then
// we'll nudge ourselves closer to -60. We then divide by chroma (which will actually make the result larger,
// since chroma is a value between 0 and 1) to normalize the value to ensure that we get the right hue
// even if we're very close to greyscale.
hue = 60 * (g - b) / chroma;
}
else if (g == max)
{
// We do the exact same for the case where the green channel is the most pronounced channel,
// only this time we want to see if we should tilt towards the blue direction or the red direction.
// We add 120 to center our value in the green third of the color wheel.
hue = 120 + (60 * (b - r) / chroma);
}
else // blue == max
{
// And we also do the exact same for the case where the blue channel is the most pronounced channel,
// only this time we want to see if we should tilt towards the red direction or the green direction.
// We add 240 to center our value in the blue third of the color wheel.
hue = 240 + (60 * (r - g) / chroma);
}
// Since we want to work within the range [0, 360), we'll add 360 to any value less than zero -
// this will bump red values from within -60 to -1 to 300 to 359. The hue is the same at both values.
if (hue < 0.0)
{
hue += 360.0;
}
// The saturation, our final HSV axis, can be thought of as a value between 0 and 1 indicating how intense our color is.
// To find it, we divide the chroma - the distance between the minimum and the maximum RGB channels - by the maximum channel (i.e., the value).
// This effectively normalizes the chroma - if the maximum is 0.5 and the minimum is 0, the saturation will be (0.5 - 0) / 0.5 = 1,
// meaning that although this color is not as bright as it can be, the dark color is as intense as it possibly could be.
// If, on the other hand, the maximum is 0.5 and the minimum is 0.25, then the saturation will be (0.5 - 0.25) / 0.5 = 0.5,
// meaning that this color is partially washed out.
// A saturation value of 0 corresponds to a greyscale color, one in which the color is *completely* washed out and there is no actual hue.
saturation = chroma / value;
}
return new HsvColor(a, hue, saturation, value, clampValues: false);
}
/// <summary>
/// Indicates whether the values of two specified <see cref="Color"/> objects are equal.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="left">The first object to compare.</param>
/// <param name="right">The second object to compare.</param>
/// <returns>True if left and right are equal; otherwise, false.</returns>
public static bool operator ==(Color left, Color right)
{
return left.Equals(right);
}
/// <summary>
/// Indicates whether the values of two specified <see cref="Color"/> objects are not equal.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="left">The first object to compare.</param>
/// <param name="right">The second object to compare.</param>
/// <returns>True if left and right are not equal; otherwise, false.</returns>
public static bool operator !=(Color left, Color right)
{
return !left.Equals(right);
}
}
}