All metadata now performs a deep clone

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Bmp/BmpMetaData.cs

@@ -6,13 +6,29 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
     /// <summary>
     /// Provides Bmp specific metadata information for the image.
     /// </summary>
-    public class BmpMetaData
+    public class BmpMetaData : IDeepCloneable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BmpMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BmpMetaData()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BmpMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The metadata to create an instance from.</param>
+        private BmpMetaData(BmpMetaData other) => this.BitsPerPixel = other.BitsPerPixel;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the number of bits per pixel.
         /// </summary>
         public BmpBitsPerPixel BitsPerPixel { get; set; } = BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel24;
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IDeepCloneable DeepClone() => new BmpMetaData(this);
+
         // TODO: Colors used once we support encoding palette bmps.
     }
-}
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Gif/GifFrameMetaData.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Gif
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="GifFrameMetaData"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="other">The metadata to create an instance from.</param>
-        internal GifFrameMetaData(GifFrameMetaData other)
+        private GifFrameMetaData(GifFrameMetaData other)
         {
             this.ColorTableLength = other.ColorTableLength;
             this.FrameDelay = other.FrameDelay;

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Gif/GifMetaData.cs

@@ -6,8 +6,26 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Gif
     /// <summary>
     /// Provides Gif specific metadata information for the image.
     /// </summary>
-    public class GifMetaData
+    public class GifMetaData : IDeepCloneable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="GifMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GifMetaData()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="GifMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The metadata to create an instance from.</param>
+        private GifMetaData(GifMetaData other)
+        {
+            this.RepeatCount = other.RepeatCount;
+            this.ColorTableMode = other.ColorTableMode;
+            this.GlobalColorTableLength = other.GlobalColorTableLength;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the number of times any animation is repeated.
         /// <remarks>
@@ -25,5 +43,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Gif
         /// Gets or sets the length of the global color table if present.
         /// </summary>
         public int GlobalColorTableLength { get; set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IDeepCloneable DeepClone() => new GifMetaData(this);
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/JpegMetaData.cs

@@ -6,11 +6,27 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
     /// <summary>
     /// Provides Jpeg specific metadata information for the image.
     /// </summary>
-    public class JpegMetaData
+    public class JpegMetaData : IDeepCloneable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JpegMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public JpegMetaData()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JpegMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The metadata to create an instance from.</param>
+        private JpegMetaData(JpegMetaData other) => this.Quality = other.Quality;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the encoded quality.
         /// </summary>
         public int Quality { get; set; } = 75;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IDeepCloneable DeepClone() => new JpegMetaData(this);
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Png/PngMetaData.cs

@@ -6,8 +6,26 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Png
     /// <summary>
     /// Provides Png specific metadata information for the image.
     /// </summary>
-    public class PngMetaData
+    public class PngMetaData : IDeepCloneable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="PngMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public PngMetaData()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="PngMetaData"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The metadata to create an instance from.</param>
+        private PngMetaData(PngMetaData other)
+        {
+            this.BitDepth = other.BitDepth;
+            this.ColorType = other.ColorType;
+            this.Gamma = other.Gamma;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the number of bits per sample or per palette index (not per pixel).
         /// Not all values are allowed for all <see cref="ColorType"/> values.
@@ -23,5 +41,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Png
         /// Gets or sets the gamma value for the image.
         /// </summary>
         public float Gamma { get; set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IDeepCloneable DeepClone() => new PngMetaData(this);
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/ImageFrameCollection.cs

@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp
 
             this.frames.Remove(frame);
 
-            return new Image<TPixel>(this.parent.GetConfiguration(), this.parent.MetaData.Clone(), new[] { frame });
+            return new Image<TPixel>(this.parent.GetConfiguration(), this.parent.MetaData.DeepClone(), new[] { frame });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp
         {
             ImageFrame<TPixel> frame = this[index];
             ImageFrame<TPixel> clonedFrame = frame.Clone();
-            return new Image<TPixel>(this.parent.GetConfiguration(), this.parent.MetaData.Clone(), new[] { clonedFrame });
+            return new Image<TPixel>(this.parent.GetConfiguration(), this.parent.MetaData.DeepClone(), new[] { clonedFrame });
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/ImageSharp/Image{TPixel}.cs

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp
         public Image<TPixel> Clone()
         {
             IEnumerable<ImageFrame<TPixel>> clonedFrames = this.frames.Select(x => x.Clone());
-            return new Image<TPixel>(this.configuration, this.MetaData.Clone(), clonedFrames);
+            return new Image<TPixel>(this.configuration, this.MetaData.DeepClone(), clonedFrames);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp
             where TPixel2 : struct, IPixel<TPixel2>
         {
             IEnumerable<ImageFrame<TPixel2>> clonedFrames = this.frames.Select(x => x.CloneAs<TPixel2>());
-            var target = new Image<TPixel2>(this.configuration, this.MetaData.Clone(), clonedFrames);
+            var target = new Image<TPixel2>(this.configuration, this.MetaData.DeepClone(), clonedFrames);
 
             return target;
         }

src/ImageSharp/MetaData/ImageMetaData.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) Six Labors and contributors.
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif;
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
     /// <summary>
     /// Encapsulates the metadata of an image.
     /// </summary>
-    public sealed class ImageMetaData
+    public sealed class ImageMetaData : IDeepCloneable<ImageMetaData>
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// The default horizontal resolution value (dots per inch) in x direction.
@@ -26,7 +25,13 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
         /// </summary>
         public const double DefaultVerticalResolution = 96;
 
-        private readonly Dictionary<IImageFormat, object> formatMetaData = new Dictionary<IImageFormat, object>();
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The default pixel resolution units.
+        /// <remarks>The default value is <see cref="PixelResolutionUnit.PixelsPerInch"/>.</remarks>
+        /// </summary>
+        public const PixelResolutionUnit DefaultPixelResolutionUnits = PixelResolutionUnit.PixelsPerInch;
+
+        private readonly Dictionary<IImageFormat, IDeepCloneable> formatMetaData = new Dictionary<IImageFormat, IDeepCloneable>();
         private double horizontalResolution;
         private double verticalResolution;
 
@@ -37,6 +42,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
         {
             this.horizontalResolution = DefaultHorizontalResolution;
             this.verticalResolution = DefaultVerticalResolution;
+            this.ResolutionUnits = DefaultPixelResolutionUnits;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -52,9 +58,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
             this.VerticalResolution = other.VerticalResolution;
             this.ResolutionUnits = other.ResolutionUnits;
 
-            foreach (KeyValuePair<IImageFormat, object> meta in other.formatMetaData)
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<IImageFormat, IDeepCloneable> meta in other.formatMetaData)
             {
-                this.formatMetaData.Add(meta.Key, meta.Value);
+                this.formatMetaData.Add(meta.Key, meta.Value.DeepClone());
             }
 
             foreach (ImageProperty property in other.Properties)
@@ -62,13 +68,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
                 this.Properties.Add(property);
             }
 
-            this.ExifProfile = other.ExifProfile != null
-                ? new ExifProfile(other.ExifProfile)
-                : null;
-
-            this.IccProfile = other.IccProfile != null
-                ? new IccProfile(other.IccProfile)
-                : null;
+            this.ExifProfile = other.ExifProfile?.DeepClone();
+            this.IccProfile = other.IccProfile?.DeepClone();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
         ///  02 : Pixels per centimeter
         ///  03 : Pixels per meter
         /// </summary>
-        public PixelResolutionUnit ResolutionUnits { get; set; } = PixelResolutionUnit.PixelsPerInch;
+        public PixelResolutionUnit ResolutionUnits { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the Exif profile.
@@ -140,9 +141,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
         /// The <typeparamref name="TFormatMetaData"/>.
         /// </returns>
         public TFormatMetaData GetFormatMetaData<TFormatMetaData>(IImageFormat<TFormatMetaData> key)
-             where TFormatMetaData : class
+             where TFormatMetaData : class, IDeepCloneable
         {
-            if (this.formatMetaData.TryGetValue(key, out object meta))
+            if (this.formatMetaData.TryGetValue(key, out IDeepCloneable meta))
             {
                 return (TFormatMetaData)meta;
             }
@@ -152,11 +153,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData
             return newMeta;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Clones this into a new instance
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>The cloned metadata instance</returns>
-        public ImageMetaData Clone() => new ImageMetaData(this);
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ImageMetaData DeepClone() => new ImageMetaData(this);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Looks up a property with the provided name.

src/ImageSharp/MetaData/Profiles/Exif/ExifProfile.cs

@@ -12,23 +12,18 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents an EXIF profile providing access to the collection of values.
     /// </summary>
-    public sealed class ExifProfile
+    public sealed class ExifProfile : IDeepCloneable<ExifProfile>
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// The byte array to read the EXIF profile from.
         /// </summary>
-        private byte[] data;
+        private readonly byte[] data;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The collection of EXIF values
         /// </summary>
         private List<ExifValue> values;
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// The list of invalid EXIF tags
-        /// </summary>
-        private IReadOnlyList<ExifTag> invalidTags;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// The thumbnail offset position in the byte stream
         /// </summary>
@@ -55,7 +50,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
         {
             this.Parts = ExifParts.All;
             this.data = data;
-            this.invalidTags = new List<ExifTag>();
+            this.InvalidTags = new List<ExifTag>();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -63,22 +58,19 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
         /// by making a copy from another EXIF profile.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="other">The other EXIF profile, where the clone should be made from.</param>
-        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="other"/> is null.</exception>
-        public ExifProfile(ExifProfile other)
+        private ExifProfile(ExifProfile other)
         {
-            Guard.NotNull(other, nameof(other));
-
             this.Parts = other.Parts;
             this.thumbnailLength = other.thumbnailLength;
             this.thumbnailOffset = other.thumbnailOffset;
-            this.invalidTags = new List<ExifTag>(other.invalidTags);
+            this.InvalidTags = new List<ExifTag>(other.InvalidTags);
             if (other.values != null)
             {
                 this.values = new List<ExifValue>(other.Values.Count);
 
                 foreach (ExifValue value in other.Values)
                 {
-                    this.values.Add(new ExifValue(value));
+                    this.values.Add(value.DeepClone());
                 }
             }
 
@@ -97,7 +89,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the tags that where found but contained an invalid value.
         /// </summary>
-        public IReadOnlyList<ExifTag> InvalidTags => this.invalidTags;
+        public IReadOnlyList<ExifTag> InvalidTags { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the values of this EXIF profile.
@@ -249,6 +241,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
             return writer.GetData();
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ExifProfile DeepClone() => new ExifProfile(this);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Synchronizes the profiles with the specified meta data.
         /// </summary>
@@ -294,7 +289,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
 
             this.values = reader.ReadValues();
 
-            this.invalidTags = new List<ExifTag>(reader.InvalidTags);
+            this.InvalidTags = new List<ExifTag>(reader.InvalidTags);
             this.thumbnailOffset = (int)reader.ThumbnailOffset;
             this.thumbnailLength = (int)reader.ThumbnailLength;
         }

src/ImageSharp/MetaData/Profiles/Exif/ExifValue.cs

@@ -11,15 +11,30 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
     /// <summary>
     /// Represent the value of the EXIF profile.
     /// </summary>
-    public sealed class ExifValue : IEquatable<ExifValue>
+    public sealed class ExifValue : IEquatable<ExifValue>, IDeepCloneable<ExifValue>
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ExifValue"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
+        /// <param name="dataType">The data type.</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
+        /// <param name="isArray">Whether the value is an array.</param>
+        internal ExifValue(ExifTag tag, ExifDataType dataType, object value, bool isArray)
+        {
+            this.Tag = tag;
+            this.DataType = dataType;
+            this.IsArray = isArray && dataType != ExifDataType.Ascii;
+            this.Value = value;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ExifValue"/> class
         /// by making a copy from another exif value.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="other">The other exif value, where the clone should be made from.</param>
-        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="other"/> is null.</exception>
-        public ExifValue(ExifValue other)
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="other"/> is null.</exception>
+        private ExifValue(ExifValue other)
         {
             Guard.NotNull(other, nameof(other));
 
@@ -29,30 +44,17 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
 
             if (!other.IsArray)
             {
+                // All types are value types except for string which is immutable so safe to simply assign.
                 this.Value = other.Value;
             }
             else
             {
+                // All array types are value types so Clone() is sufficient here.
                 var array = (Array)other.Value;
                 this.Value = array.Clone();
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ExifValue"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="tag">The tag.</param>
-        /// <param name="dataType">The data type.</param>
-        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
-        /// <param name="isArray">Whether the value is an array.</param>
-        internal ExifValue(ExifTag tag, ExifDataType dataType, object value, bool isArray)
-        {
-            this.Tag = tag;
-            this.DataType = dataType;
-            this.IsArray = isArray && dataType != ExifDataType.Ascii;
-            this.Value = value;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the data type of the exif value.
         /// </summary>
@@ -145,10 +147,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
         /// <returns>
         /// True if the <paramref name="left"/> parameter is equal to the <paramref name="right"/> parameter; otherwise, false.
         /// </returns>
-        public static bool operator ==(ExifValue left, ExifValue right)
-        {
-            return ReferenceEquals(left, right) || left.Equals(right);
-        }
+        public static bool operator ==(ExifValue left, ExifValue right) => ReferenceEquals(left, right) || left.Equals(right);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Compares two <see cref="ExifValue"/> objects for equality.
@@ -162,16 +161,10 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
         /// <returns>
         /// True if the <paramref name="left"/> parameter is not equal to the <paramref name="right"/> parameter; otherwise, false.
         /// </returns>
-        public static bool operator !=(ExifValue left, ExifValue right)
-        {
-            return !(left == right);
-        }
+        public static bool operator !=(ExifValue left, ExifValue right) => !(left == right);
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
-        public override bool Equals(object obj)
-        {
-            return obj is ExifValue other && this.Equals(other);
-        }
+        public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is ExifValue other && this.Equals(other);
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
         public bool Equals(ExifValue other)
@@ -187,9 +180,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
             }
 
             return
-              this.Tag == other.Tag &&
-              this.DataType == other.DataType &&
-              object.Equals(this.Value, other.Value);
+              this.Tag == other.Tag
+              && this.DataType == other.DataType
+              && object.Equals(this.Value, other.Value);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -205,10 +198,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
-        public override int GetHashCode()
-        {
-            return this.GetHashCode(this);
-        }
+        public override int GetHashCode() => this.GetHashCode(this);
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override string ToString()
@@ -238,6 +228,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
             return sb.ToString();
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public ExifValue DeepClone() => new ExifValue(this);
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new <see cref="ExifValue"/>
         /// </summary>
@@ -584,7 +577,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Exif
         private static ExifValue CreateNumber(ExifTag tag, object value, bool isArray)
         {
             Type type = value?.GetType();
-            if (type != null && type.IsArray)
+            if (type?.IsArray == true)
             {
                 type = type.GetElementType();
             }

src/ImageSharp/MetaData/Profiles/ICC/IccProfile.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Icc
     /// <summary>
     /// Represents an ICC profile
     /// </summary>
-    public sealed class IccProfile
+    public sealed class IccProfile : IDeepCloneable<IccProfile>
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// The byte array to read the ICC profile from
@@ -42,23 +42,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Icc
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="IccProfile"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="data">The raw ICC profile data</param>
-        public IccProfile(byte[] data)
-        {
-            this.data = data;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="IccProfile"/> class
-        /// by making a copy from another ICC profile.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="other">The other ICC profile, where the clone should be made from.</param>
-        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="other"/> is null.</exception>>
-        public IccProfile(IccProfile other)
-        {
-            Guard.NotNull(other, nameof(other));
-
-            this.data = other.ToByteArray();
-        }
+        public IccProfile(byte[] data) => this.data = data;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="IccProfile"/> class.
@@ -74,6 +58,19 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Icc
             this.entries = new List<IccTagDataEntry>(entries);
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="IccProfile"/> class
+        /// by making a copy from another ICC profile.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="other">The other ICC profile, where the clone should be made from.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="other"/> is null.</exception>>
+        private IccProfile(IccProfile other)
+        {
+            Guard.NotNull(other, nameof(other));
+
+            this.data = other.ToByteArray();
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the profile header
         /// </summary>
@@ -100,6 +97,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.MetaData.Profiles.Icc
             }
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public IccProfile DeepClone() => new IccProfile(this);
+
 #if !NETSTANDARD1_1
 
         /// <summary>

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Transforms/AffineTransformProcessor.cs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Transforms
                 source.Frames.Select(x => new ImageFrame<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), this.TargetDimensions, x.MetaData.DeepClone()));
 
             // Use the overload to prevent an extra frame being added
-            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.Clone(), frames);
+            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.DeepClone(), frames);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Transforms/CropProcessor.cs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Transforms
             IEnumerable<ImageFrame<TPixel>> frames = source.Frames.Select(x => new ImageFrame<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), this.CropRectangle.Width, this.CropRectangle.Height, x.MetaData.DeepClone()));
 
             // Use the overload to prevent an extra frame being added
-            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.Clone(), frames);
+            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.DeepClone(), frames);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Transforms/ProjectiveTransformProcessor.cs

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Transforms
                 source.Frames.Select(x => new ImageFrame<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), this.TargetDimensions.Width, this.TargetDimensions.Height, x.MetaData.DeepClone()));
 
             // Use the overload to prevent an extra frame being added
-            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.Clone(), frames);
+            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.DeepClone(), frames);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Transforms/ResizeProcessor.cs

@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Transforms
             IEnumerable<ImageFrame<TPixel>> frames = source.Frames.Select(x => new ImageFrame<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), this.Width, this.Height, x.MetaData.DeepClone()));
 
             // Use the overload to prevent an extra frame being added
-            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.Clone(), frames);
+            return new Image<TPixel>(source.GetConfiguration(), source.MetaData.DeepClone(), frames);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/MetaData/ImageMetaDataTests.cs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
             metaData.VerticalResolution = 2;
             metaData.Properties.Add(imageProperty);
 
-            ImageMetaData clone = metaData.Clone();
+            ImageMetaData clone = metaData.DeepClone();
 
             Assert.Equal(exifProfile.ToByteArray(), clone.ExifProfile.ToByteArray());
             Assert.Equal(4, clone.HorizontalResolution);

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/MetaData/Profiles/Exif/ExifProfileTests.cs

@@ -67,16 +67,16 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
         [Fact]
         public void ConstructorCopy()
         {
-            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => { new ExifProfile((ExifProfile)null); });
+            Assert.Throws<NullReferenceException>(() => ((ExifProfile)null).DeepClone());
 
             ExifProfile profile = GetExifProfile();
 
-            var clone = new ExifProfile(profile);
+            ExifProfile clone = profile.DeepClone();
             TestProfile(clone);
 
             profile.SetValue(ExifTag.ColorSpace, (ushort)2);
 
-            clone = new ExifProfile(profile);
+            clone = profile.DeepClone();
             TestProfile(clone);
         }
 
@@ -234,10 +234,12 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
             exifProfile.SetValue(ExifTag.XResolution, new Rational(200));
             exifProfile.SetValue(ExifTag.YResolution, new Rational(300));
 
-            var metaData = new ImageMetaData();
-            metaData.ExifProfile = exifProfile;
-            metaData.HorizontalResolution = 200;
-            metaData.VerticalResolution = 300;
+            var metaData = new ImageMetaData
+            {
+                ExifProfile = exifProfile,
+                HorizontalResolution = 200,
+                VerticalResolution = 300
+            };
 
             metaData.HorizontalResolution = 100;
 
@@ -355,11 +357,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
 
             // act
             Image<Rgba32> reloadedImage = WriteAndRead(image, imageFormat);
-            
+
             // assert
             ExifProfile actual = reloadedImage.MetaData.ExifProfile;
             Assert.NotNull(actual);
-            foreach(KeyValuePair<ExifTag, object> expectedProfileValue in TestProfileValues)
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<ExifTag, object> expectedProfileValue in TestProfileValues)
             {
                 ExifValue actualProfileValue = actual.GetValue(expectedProfileValue.Key);
                 Assert.NotNull(actualProfileValue);
@@ -371,7 +373,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
         public void ProfileToByteArray()
         {
             // arrange
-            byte[] exifBytesWithExifCode = ProfileResolver.ExifMarker.Concat(ExifConstants.LittleEndianByteOrderMarker).ToArray(); 
+            byte[] exifBytesWithExifCode = ProfileResolver.ExifMarker.Concat(ExifConstants.LittleEndianByteOrderMarker).ToArray();
             byte[] exifBytesWithoutExifCode = ExifConstants.LittleEndianByteOrderMarker;
             ExifProfile expectedProfile = CreateExifProfile();
             var expectedProfileTags = expectedProfile.Values.Select(x => x.Tag).ToList();
@@ -384,7 +386,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
             Assert.NotNull(actualBytes);
             Assert.NotEmpty(actualBytes);
             Assert.Equal(exifBytesWithoutExifCode, actualBytes.Take(exifBytesWithoutExifCode.Length).ToArray());
-            foreach(ExifTag expectedProfileTag in expectedProfileTags)
+            foreach (ExifTag expectedProfileTag in expectedProfileTags)
             {
                 ExifValue actualProfileValue = actualProfile.GetValue(expectedProfileTag);
                 ExifValue expectedProfileValue = expectedProfile.GetValue(expectedProfileTag);
@@ -396,7 +398,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
         {
             var profile = new ExifProfile();
 
-            foreach(KeyValuePair<ExifTag, object> exifProfileValue in TestProfileValues)
+            foreach (KeyValuePair<ExifTag, object> exifProfileValue in TestProfileValues)
             {
                 profile.SetValue(exifProfileValue.Key, exifProfileValue.Value);
             }
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
 
         private static Image<Rgba32> WriteAndRead(Image<Rgba32> image, TestImageWriteFormat imageFormat)
         {
-            switch(imageFormat)
+            switch (imageFormat)
             {
                 case TestImageWriteFormat.Jpeg:
                     return WriteAndReadJpeg(image);