Merge branch 'master' into webp

src/ImageSharp/Common/Helpers/ExifResolutionValues.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Common.Helpers
+{
+    internal readonly struct ExifResolutionValues
+    {
+        public ExifResolutionValues(ushort resolutionUnit, double? horizontalResolution, double? verticalResolution)
+        {
+            this.ResolutionUnit = resolutionUnit;
+            this.HorizontalResolution = horizontalResolution;
+            this.VerticalResolution = verticalResolution;
+        }
+
+        public ushort ResolutionUnit { get; }
+
+        public double? HorizontalResolution { get; }
+
+        public double? VerticalResolution { get; }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Common/Helpers/UnitConverter.cs

@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Common.Helpers
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Sets the exif profile resolution values.
+        /// Gets the exif profile resolution values.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="exifProfile">The exif profile.</param>
         /// <param name="unit">The resolution unit.</param>
         /// <param name="horizontal">The horizontal resolution value.</param>
         /// <param name="vertical">The vertical resolution value.</param>
+        /// <returns><see cref="ExifResolutionValues"/></returns>
         [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ShortMethod)]
-        public static void SetResolutionValues(ExifProfile exifProfile, PixelResolutionUnit unit, double horizontal, double vertical)
+        public static ExifResolutionValues GetExifResolutionValues(PixelResolutionUnit unit, double horizontal, double vertical)
         {
             switch (unit)
             {
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Common.Helpers
                     break;
                 case PixelResolutionUnit.PixelsPerMeter:
                     {
-                        unit = PixelResolutionUnit.PixelsPerCentimeter;
+                    unit = PixelResolutionUnit.PixelsPerCentimeter;
-                        horizontal = UnitConverter.MeterToCm(horizontal);
+                    horizontal = MeterToCm(horizontal);
-                        vertical = UnitConverter.MeterToCm(vertical);
+                    vertical = MeterToCm(vertical);
                     }
 
                     break;
@@ -126,18 +126,13 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Common.Helpers
                     break;
             }
 
-            exifProfile.SetValue(ExifTag.ResolutionUnit, (ushort)(unit + 1));
+            ushort exifUnit = (ushort)(unit + 1);
-
             if (unit == PixelResolutionUnit.AspectRatio)
             {
-                exifProfile.RemoveValue(ExifTag.XResolution);
+                return new ExifResolutionValues(exifUnit, null, null);
-                exifProfile.RemoveValue(ExifTag.YResolution);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                exifProfile.SetValue(ExifTag.XResolution, new Rational(horizontal));
-                exifProfile.SetValue(ExifTag.YResolution, new Rational(vertical));
             }
+
+            return new ExifResolutionValues(exifUnit, horizontal, vertical);
         }
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/Components/Block8x8F.cs

@@ -830,5 +830,46 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components
                 d.V7R.W = this.V7R.W;
             }
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Compares entire 8x8 block to a single scalar value.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to compare to.</param>
+        public bool EqualsToScalar(int value)
+        {
+#if SUPPORTS_RUNTIME_INTRINSICS
+            if (Avx2.IsSupported)
+            {
+                const int equalityMask = unchecked((int)0b1111_1111_1111_1111_1111_1111_1111_1111);
+
+                var targetVector = Vector256.Create(value);
+                ref Vector256<float> blockStride = ref this.V0;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < RowCount; i++)
+                {
+                    Vector256<int> areEqual = Avx2.CompareEqual(Avx.ConvertToVector256Int32WithTruncation(Unsafe.Add(ref this.V0, i)), targetVector);
+                    if (Avx2.MoveMask(areEqual.AsByte()) != equalityMask)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+#endif
+            {
+                ref float scalars = ref Unsafe.As<Block8x8F, float>(ref this);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < Size; i++)
+                {
+                    if ((int)Unsafe.Add(ref scalars, i) != value)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/Components/Decoder/JpegComponent.cs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components.Decoder
 
             if (quantizationTableIndex > 3)
             {
-                JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadQuantizationTable();
+                JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadQuantizationTableIndex(quantizationTableIndex);
             }
 
             this.QuantizationTableIndex = quantizationTableIndex;

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/Components/Decoder/QualityEvaluator.cs

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
-
-namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components.Decoder
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Provides methods to evaluate the quality of an image.
-    /// Ported from <see href="https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/blob/f362c02083d27211b913c6e44794f0ac6edaf2bd/coders/jpeg.c#L855"/>
-    /// </summary>
-    internal static class QualityEvaluator
-    {
-        private static readonly int[] Hash = new int[101]
-        {
-            1020, 1015,  932,  848,  780,  735,  702,  679,  660,  645,
-            632,  623,  613,  607,  600,  594,  589,  585,  581,  571,
-            555,  542,  529,  514,  494,  474,  457,  439,  424,  410,
-            397,  386,  373,  364,  351,  341,  334,  324,  317,  309,
-            299,  294,  287,  279,  274,  267,  262,  257,  251,  247,
-            243,  237,  232,  227,  222,  217,  213,  207,  202,  198,
-            192,  188,  183,  177,  173,  168,  163,  157,  153,  148,
-            143,  139,  132,  128,  125,  119,  115,  108,  104,   99,
-            94,   90,   84,   79,   74,   70,   64,   59,   55,   49,
-            45,   40,   34,   30,   25,   20,   15,   11,    6,    4,
-            0
-        };
-
-        private static readonly int[] Sums = new int[101]
-        {
-            32640, 32635, 32266, 31495, 30665, 29804, 29146, 28599, 28104,
-            27670, 27225, 26725, 26210, 25716, 25240, 24789, 24373, 23946,
-            23572, 22846, 21801, 20842, 19949, 19121, 18386, 17651, 16998,
-            16349, 15800, 15247, 14783, 14321, 13859, 13535, 13081, 12702,
-            12423, 12056, 11779, 11513, 11135, 10955, 10676, 10392, 10208,
-            9928,  9747,  9564,  9369,  9193,  9017,  8822,  8639,  8458,
-            8270,  8084,  7896,  7710,  7527,  7347,  7156,  6977,  6788,
-            6607,  6422,  6236,  6054,  5867,  5684,  5495,  5305,  5128,
-            4945,  4751,  4638,  4442,  4248,  4065,  3888,  3698,  3509,
-            3326,  3139,  2957,  2775,  2586,  2405,  2216,  2037,  1846,
-            1666,  1483,  1297,  1109,   927,   735,   554,   375,   201,
-            128,     0
-        };
-
-        private static readonly int[] Hash1 = new int[101]
-        {
-            510,  505,  422,  380,  355,  338,  326,  318,  311,  305,
-            300,  297,  293,  291,  288,  286,  284,  283,  281,  280,
-            279,  278,  277,  273,  262,  251,  243,  233,  225,  218,
-            211,  205,  198,  193,  186,  181,  177,  172,  168,  164,
-            158,  156,  152,  148,  145,  142,  139,  136,  133,  131,
-            129,  126,  123,  120,  118,  115,  113,  110,  107,  105,
-            102,  100,   97,   94,   92,   89,   87,   83,   81,   79,
-            76,   74,   70,   68,   66,   63,   61,   57,   55,   52,
-            50,   48,   44,   42,   39,   37,   34,   31,   29,   26,
-            24,   21,   18,   16,   13,   11,    8,    6,    3,    2,
-            0
-        };
-
-        private static readonly int[] Sums1 = new int[101]
-        {
-            16320, 16315, 15946, 15277, 14655, 14073, 13623, 13230, 12859,
-            12560, 12240, 11861, 11456, 11081, 10714, 10360, 10027,  9679,
-            9368,  9056,  8680,  8331,  7995,  7668,  7376,  7084,  6823,
-            6562,  6345,  6125,  5939,  5756,  5571,  5421,  5240,  5086,
-            4976,  4829,  4719,  4616,  4463,  4393,  4280,  4166,  4092,
-            3980,  3909,  3835,  3755,  3688,  3621,  3541,  3467,  3396,
-            3323,  3247,  3170,  3096,  3021,  2952,  2874,  2804,  2727,
-            2657,  2583,  2509,  2437,  2362,  2290,  2211,  2136,  2068,
-            1996,  1915,  1858,  1773,  1692,  1620,  1552,  1477,  1398,
-            1326,  1251,  1179,  1109,  1031,   961,   884,   814,   736,
-            667,   592,   518,   441,   369,   292,   221,   151,    86,
-            64,     0
-        };
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Returns an estimated quality of the image based on the quantization tables.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="quantizationTables">The quantization tables.</param>
-        /// <returns>The <see cref="int"/>.</returns>
-        public static int EstimateQuality(Block8x8F[] quantizationTables)
-        {
-            int quality = 75;
-            float sum = 0;
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < quantizationTables.Length; i++)
-            {
-                ref Block8x8F qTable = ref quantizationTables[i];
-
-                if (!qTable.Equals(default))
-                {
-                    for (int j = 0; j < Block8x8F.Size; j++)
-                    {
-                        sum += qTable[j];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            ref Block8x8F qTable0 = ref quantizationTables[0];
-            ref Block8x8F qTable1 = ref quantizationTables[1];
-
-            if (!qTable0.Equals(default))
-            {
-                if (!qTable1.Equals(default))
-                {
-                    quality = (int)(qTable0[2]
-                            + qTable0[53]
-                            + qTable1[0]
-                            + qTable1[Block8x8F.Size - 1]);
-
-                    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
-                    {
-                        if (quality < Hash[i] && sum < Sums[i])
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        if (((quality <= Hash[i]) && (sum <= Sums[i])) || (i >= 50))
-                        {
-                            return i + 1;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    quality = (int)(qTable0[2] + qTable0[53]);
-
-                    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
-                    {
-                        if (quality < Hash1[i] && sum < Sums1[i])
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        if (((quality <= Hash1[i]) && (sum <= Sums1[i])) || (i >= 50))
-                        {
-                            return i + 1;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            return quality;
-        }
-    }
-}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/Components/Quantization.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides methods and properties related to jpeg quantization.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class Quantization
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Upper bound (inclusive) for jpeg quality setting.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int MaxQualityFactor = 100;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Lower bound (inclusive) for jpeg quality setting.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int MinQualityFactor = 1;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Default JPEG quality for both luminance and chominance tables.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int DefaultQualityFactor = 75;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Represents lowest quality setting which can be estimated with enough confidence.
+        /// Any quality below it results in a highly compressed jpeg image
+        /// which shouldn't use standard itu quantization tables for re-encoding.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int QualityEstimationConfidenceLowerThreshold = 25;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Represents highest quality setting which can be estimated with enough confidence.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const int QualityEstimationConfidenceUpperThreshold = 98;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the unscaled luminance quantization table in zig-zag order. Each
+        /// encoder copies and scales the tables according to its quality parameter.
+        /// The values are derived from ITU section K.1 after converting from natural to
+        /// zig-zag order.
+        /// </summary>
+        // The C# compiler emits this as a compile-time constant embedded in the PE file.
+        // This is effectively compiled down to: return new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(&data, length)
+        // More details can be found: https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/pull/24621
+        public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> UnscaledQuant_Luminance => new byte[]
+        {
+            16, 11, 12, 14, 12, 10, 16, 14, 13, 14, 18, 17, 16, 19, 24,
+            40, 26, 24, 22, 22, 24, 49, 35, 37, 29, 40, 58, 51, 61, 60,
+            57, 51, 56, 55, 64, 72, 92, 78, 64, 68, 87, 69, 55, 56, 80,
+            109, 81, 87, 95, 98, 103, 104, 103, 62, 77, 113, 121, 112,
+            100, 120, 92, 101, 103, 99,
+        };
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the unscaled chrominance quantization table in zig-zag order. Each
+        /// encoder copies and scales the tables according to its quality parameter.
+        /// The values are derived from ITU section K.1 after converting from natural to
+        /// zig-zag order.
+        /// </summary>
+        // The C# compiler emits this as a compile-time constant embedded in the PE file.
+        // This is effectively compiled down to: return new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(&data, length)
+        // More details can be found: https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/pull/24621
+        public static ReadOnlySpan<byte> UnscaledQuant_Chrominance => new byte[]
+        {
+            17, 18, 18, 24, 21, 24, 47, 26, 26, 47, 99, 66, 56, 66,
+            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+        };
+
+        /// Ported from JPEGsnoop:
+        /// https://github.com/ImpulseAdventure/JPEGsnoop/blob/9732ee0961f100eb69bbff4a0c47438d5997abee/source/JfifDecode.cpp#L4570-L4694
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Estimates jpeg quality based on quantization table in zig-zag order.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This technically can be used with any given table but internal decoder code uses ITU spec tables:
+        /// <see cref="UnscaledQuant_Luminance"/> and <see cref="UnscaledQuant_Chrominance"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="table">Input quantization table.</param>
+        /// <param name="target">Quantization to estimate against.</param>
+        /// <returns>Estimated quality</returns>
+        public static int EstimateQuality(ref Block8x8F table, ReadOnlySpan<byte> target)
+        {
+            // This method can be SIMD'ified if standard table is injected as Block8x8F.
+            // Or when we go to full-int16 spectral code implementation and inject both tables as Block8x8.
+            double comparePercent;
+            double sumPercent = 0;
+
+            // Corner case - all 1's => 100 quality
+            // It would fail to deduce using algorithm below without this check
+            if (table.EqualsToScalar(1))
+            {
+                // While this is a 100% to be 100 quality, any given table can be scaled to all 1's.
+                // According to jpeg creators, top of the line quality is 99, 100 is just a technical 'limit' which will affect result filesize drastically.
+                // Quality=100 shouldn't be used in usual use case.
+                return 100;
+            }
+
+            int quality;
+            for (int i = 0; i < Block8x8F.Size; i++)
+            {
+                float coeff = table[i];
+                int coeffInteger = (int)coeff;
+
+                // Coefficients are actually int16 casted to float numbers so there's no truncating error.
+                if (coeffInteger != 0)
+                {
+                    comparePercent = 100.0 * (table[i] / target[i]);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // No 'valid' quantization table should contain zero at any position
+                    // while this is okay to decode with, it will throw DivideByZeroException at encoding proces stage.
+                    // Not sure what to do here, we can't throw as this technically correct
+                    // but this will screw up the encoder.
+                    comparePercent = 999.99;
+                }
+
+                sumPercent += comparePercent;
+            }
+
+            // Perform some statistical analysis of the quality factor
+            // to determine the likelihood of the current quantization
+            // table being a scaled version of the "standard" tables.
+            // If the variance is high, it is unlikely to be the case.
+            sumPercent /= 64.0;
+
+            // Generate the equivalent IJQ "quality" factor
+            if (sumPercent <= 100.0)
+            {
+                quality = (int)Math.Round((200 - sumPercent) / 2);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                quality = (int)Math.Round(5000.0 / sumPercent);
+            }
+
+            return quality;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Estimates jpeg quality based on quantization table in zig-zag order.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="luminanceTable">Luminance quantization table.</param>
+        /// <returns>Estimated quality</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static int EstimateLuminanceQuality(ref Block8x8F luminanceTable)
+            => EstimateQuality(ref luminanceTable, UnscaledQuant_Luminance);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Estimates jpeg quality based on quantization table in zig-zag order.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="chrominanceTable">Chrominance quantization table.</param>
+        /// <returns>Estimated quality</returns>
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static int EstimateChrominanceQuality(ref Block8x8F chrominanceTable)
+            => EstimateQuality(ref chrominanceTable, UnscaledQuant_Chrominance);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static int QualityToScale(int quality)
+        {
+            DebugGuard.MustBeBetweenOrEqualTo(quality, MinQualityFactor, MaxQualityFactor, nameof(quality));
+
+            return quality < 50 ? (5000 / quality) : (200 - (quality * 2));
+        }
+
+        private static Block8x8F ScaleQuantizationTable(int scale, ReadOnlySpan<byte> unscaledTable)
+        {
+            Block8x8F table = default;
+            for (int j = 0; j < Block8x8F.Size; j++)
+            {
+                int x = ((unscaledTable[j] * scale) + 50) / 100;
+                table[j] = Numerics.Clamp(x, 1, 255);
+            }
+
+            return table;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Block8x8F ScaleLuminanceTable(int quality)
+            => ScaleQuantizationTable(scale: QualityToScale(quality), UnscaledQuant_Luminance);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static Block8x8F ScaleChrominanceTable(int quality)
+            => ScaleQuantizationTable(scale: QualityToScale(quality), UnscaledQuant_Chrominance);
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/IJpegEncoderOptions.cs

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
     internal interface IJpegEncoderOptions
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the quality, that will be used to encode the image. Quality
+        /// Gets or sets the quality, that will be used to encode the image. Quality
         /// index must be between 0 and 100 (compression from max to min).
+        /// Defaults to <value>75</value>.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <value>The quality of the jpg image from 0 to 100.</value>
+        public int? Quality { get; set; }
-        int? Quality { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the subsample ration, that will be used to encode the image.

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/JpegDecoder.cs

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 using System.IO;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.IO;
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 
 namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/JpegDecoderCore.cs

@@ -699,81 +699,95 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
         /// </exception>
         private void ProcessDefineQuantizationTablesMarker(BufferedReadStream stream, int remaining)
         {
+            JpegMetadata jpegMetadata = this.Metadata.GetFormatMetadata(JpegFormat.Instance);
+
             while (remaining > 0)
             {
-                bool done = false;
+                // 1 byte: quantization table spec
-                remaining--;
+                // bit 0..3: table index (0..3)
+                // bit 4..7: table precision (0 = 8 bit, 1 = 16 bit)
                 int quantizationTableSpec = stream.ReadByte();
                 int tableIndex = quantizationTableSpec & 15;
+                int tablePrecision = quantizationTableSpec >> 4;
 
-                // Max index. 4 Tables max.
+                // Validate:
                 if (tableIndex > 3)
                 {
-                    JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadQuantizationTable();
+                    JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadQuantizationTableIndex(tableIndex);
                 }
 
-                switch (quantizationTableSpec >> 4)
+                remaining--;
+
+                // Decoding single 8x8 table
+                ref Block8x8F table = ref this.QuantizationTables[tableIndex];
+                switch (tablePrecision)
                 {
+                    // 8 bit values
                     case 0:
                     {
-                        // 8 bit values
+                        // Validate: 8 bit table needs exactly 64 bytes
                         if (remaining < 64)
                         {
-                            done = true;
+                            JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadMarker(nameof(JpegConstants.Markers.DQT), remaining);
-                            break;
                         }
 
                         stream.Read(this.temp, 0, 64);
                         remaining -= 64;
 
-                        ref Block8x8F table = ref this.QuantizationTables[tableIndex];
                         for (int j = 0; j < 64; j++)
                         {
                             table[j] = this.temp[j];
                         }
+
+                        break;
                     }
 
-                    break;
+                    // 16 bit values
                     case 1:
                     {
-                        // 16 bit values
+                        // Validate: 16 bit table needs exactly 128 bytes
                         if (remaining < 128)
                         {
-                            done = true;
+                            JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadMarker(nameof(JpegConstants.Markers.DQT), remaining);
-                            break;
                         }
 
                         stream.Read(this.temp, 0, 128);
                         remaining -= 128;
 
-                        ref Block8x8F table = ref this.QuantizationTables[tableIndex];
                         for (int j = 0; j < 64; j++)
                         {
                             table[j] = (this.temp[2 * j] << 8) | this.temp[(2 * j) + 1];
                         }
-                    }
 
-                    break;
+                        break;
+                    }
 
+                    // Unknown precision - error
                     default:
                     {
-                        JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadQuantizationTable();
+                        JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadQuantizationTablePrecision(tablePrecision);
                         break;
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (done)
+                // Estimating quality
+                switch (tableIndex)
                 {
-                    break;
+                    // luminance table
-                }
+                    case 0:
-            }
+                    {
+                        jpegMetadata.LuminanceQuality = Quantization.EstimateLuminanceQuality(ref table);
+                        break;
+                    }
 
-            if (remaining != 0)
+                    // chrominance table
-            {
+                    case 1:
-                JpegThrowHelper.ThrowBadMarker(nameof(JpegConstants.Markers.DQT), remaining);
+                    {
+                        jpegMetadata.ChrominanceQuality = Quantization.EstimateChrominanceQuality(ref table);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
             }
-
-            this.Metadata.GetFormatMetadata(JpegFormat.Instance).Quality = QualityEvaluator.EstimateQuality(this.QuantizationTables);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/JpegEncoder.cs

@@ -13,11 +13,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
     /// </summary>
     public sealed class JpegEncoder : IImageEncoder, IJpegEncoderOptions
     {
-        /// <summary>
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
-        /// Gets or sets the quality, that will be used to encode the image. Quality
-        /// index must be between 0 and 100 (compression from max to min).
-        /// Defaults to <value>75</value>.
-        /// </summary>
         public int? Quality { get; set; }
 
         /// <summary>

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/JpegEncoderCore.cs

@@ -64,44 +64,6 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
             this.colorType = options.ColorType;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the unscaled quantization tables in zig-zag order. Each
-        /// encoder copies and scales the tables according to its quality parameter.
-        /// The values are derived from section K.1 after converting from natural to
-        /// zig-zag order.
-        /// </summary>
-        // The C# compiler emits this as a compile-time constant embedded in the PE file.
-        // This is effectively compiled down to: return new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(&data, length)
-        // More details can be found: https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/pull/24621
-        private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> UnscaledQuant_Luminance => new byte[]
-        {
-            // Luminance.
-            16, 11, 12, 14, 12, 10, 16, 14, 13, 14, 18, 17, 16, 19, 24,
-            40, 26, 24, 22, 22, 24, 49, 35, 37, 29, 40, 58, 51, 61, 60,
-            57, 51, 56, 55, 64, 72, 92, 78, 64, 68, 87, 69, 55, 56, 80,
-            109, 81, 87, 95, 98, 103, 104, 103, 62, 77, 113, 121, 112,
-            100, 120, 92, 101, 103, 99,
-        };
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the unscaled quantization tables in zig-zag order. Each
-        /// encoder copies and scales the tables according to its quality parameter.
-        /// The values are derived from section K.1 after converting from natural to
-        /// zig-zag order.
-        /// </summary>
-        // The C# compiler emits this as a compile-time constant embedded in the PE file.
-        // This is effectively compiled down to: return new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(&data, length)
-        // More details can be found: https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/pull/24621
-        private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> UnscaledQuant_Chrominance => new byte[]
-        {
-            // Chrominance.
-            17, 18, 18, 24, 21, 24, 47, 26, 26, 47, 99, 66, 56, 66,
-            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
-            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
-            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
-            99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
-        };
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Encode writes the image to the jpeg baseline format with the given options.
         /// </summary>
@@ -124,35 +86,14 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
 
             this.outputStream = stream;
             ImageMetadata metadata = image.Metadata;
+            JpegMetadata jpegMetadata = metadata.GetJpegMetadata();
 
             // Compute number of components based on color type in options.
             int componentCount = (this.colorType == JpegColorType.Luminance) ? 1 : 3;
 
-            // System.Drawing produces identical output for jpegs with a quality parameter of 0 and 1.
+            // TODO: Right now encoder writes both quantization tables for grayscale images - we shouldn't do that
-            int qlty = Numerics.Clamp(this.quality ?? metadata.GetJpegMetadata().Quality, 1, 100);
-            this.subsample ??= qlty >= 91 ? JpegSubsample.Ratio444 : JpegSubsample.Ratio420;
-
-            // Convert from a quality rating to a scaling factor.
-            int scale;
-            if (qlty < 50)
-            {
-                scale = 5000 / qlty;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                scale = 200 - (qlty * 2);
-            }
-
             // Initialize the quantization tables.
-            // TODO: This looks ugly, should we write chrominance table for luminance-only images?
+            this.InitQuantizationTables(componentCount, jpegMetadata, out Block8x8F luminanceQuantTable, out Block8x8F chrominanceQuantTable);
-            // If not - this can code can be simplified
-            Block8x8F luminanceQuantTable = default;
-            Block8x8F chrominanceQuantTable = default;
-            InitQuantizationTable(0, scale, ref luminanceQuantTable);
-            if (componentCount > 1)
-            {
-                InitQuantizationTable(1, scale, ref chrominanceQuantTable);
-            }
 
             // Write the Start Of Image marker.
             this.WriteApplicationHeader(metadata);
@@ -176,10 +117,12 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
             var scanEncoder = new HuffmanScanEncoder(stream);
             if (this.colorType == JpegColorType.Luminance)
             {
+                // luminance quantization table only
                 scanEncoder.EncodeGrayscale(image, ref luminanceQuantTable, cancellationToken);
             }
             else
             {
+                // luminance and chrominance quantization tables
                 switch (this.subsample)
                 {
                     case JpegSubsample.Ratio444:
@@ -690,31 +633,49 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes quantization table.
+        /// Initializes quntization tables.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="i">The quantization index.</param>
+        /// <remarks>
-        /// <param name="scale">The scaling factor.</param>
+        /// We take quality values in a hierarchical order:
-        /// <param name="quant">The quantization table.</param>
+        /// 1. Check if encoder has set quality
-        private static void InitQuantizationTable(int i, int scale, ref Block8x8F quant)
+        /// 2. Check if metadata has special table for encoding
+        /// 3. Check if metadata has set quality
+        /// 4. Take default quality value - 75
+        /// </remarks>
+        /// <param name="componentCount">Color components count.</param>
+        /// <param name="metadata">Jpeg metadata instance.</param>
+        /// <param name="luminanceQuantTable">Output luminance quantization table.</param>
+        /// <param name="chrominanceQuantTable">Output chrominance quantization table.</param>
+        private void InitQuantizationTables(int componentCount, JpegMetadata metadata, out Block8x8F luminanceQuantTable, out Block8x8F chrominanceQuantTable)
         {
-            DebugGuard.MustBeBetweenOrEqualTo(i, 0, 1, nameof(i));
+            int lumaQuality;
-            ReadOnlySpan<byte> unscaledQuant = (i == 0) ? UnscaledQuant_Luminance : UnscaledQuant_Chrominance;
+            int chromaQuality;
+            if (this.quality.HasValue)
+            {
+                lumaQuality = this.quality.Value;
+                chromaQuality = this.quality.Value;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                lumaQuality = metadata.LuminanceQuality;
+                chromaQuality = metadata.ChrominanceQuality;
+            }
 
-            for (int j = 0; j < Block8x8F.Size; j++)
+            // Luminance
+            lumaQuality = Numerics.Clamp(lumaQuality, 1, 100);
+            luminanceQuantTable = Quantization.ScaleLuminanceTable(lumaQuality);
+
+            // Chrominance
+            chrominanceQuantTable = default;
+            if (componentCount > 1)
             {
-                int x = unscaledQuant[j];
+                chromaQuality = Numerics.Clamp(chromaQuality, 1, 100);
-                x = ((x * scale) + 50) / 100;
+                chrominanceQuantTable = Quantization.ScaleChrominanceTable(chromaQuality);
-                if (x < 1)
-                {
-                    x = 1;
-                }
 
-                if (x > 255)
+                if (!this.subsample.HasValue)
                 {
-                    x = 255;
+                    this.subsample = chromaQuality >= 91 ? JpegSubsample.Ratio444 : JpegSubsample.Ratio420;
                 }
-
-                quant[j] = x;
             }
         }
     }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/JpegMetadata.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (c) Six Labors.
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components;
+
 namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -8,6 +11,16 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
     /// </summary>
     public class JpegMetadata : IDeepCloneable
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Backing field for <see cref="LuminanceQuality"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        private int? luminanceQuality;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Backing field for <see cref="ChrominanceQuality"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        private int? chrominanceQuality;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="JpegMetadata"/> class.
         /// </summary>
@@ -21,18 +34,80 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
         /// <param name="other">The metadata to create an instance from.</param>
         private JpegMetadata(JpegMetadata other)
         {
-            this.Quality = other.Quality;
             this.ColorType = other.ColorType;
+
+            this.luminanceQuality = other.luminanceQuality;
+            this.chrominanceQuality = other.chrominanceQuality;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets or sets the encoded quality.
+        /// Gets or sets the jpeg luminance quality.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This value might not be accurate if it was calculated during jpeg decoding
+        /// with non-complient ITU quantization tables.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal int LuminanceQuality
+        {
+            get => this.luminanceQuality ?? Quantization.DefaultQualityFactor;
+            set => this.luminanceQuality = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the jpeg chrominance quality.
         /// </summary>
-        public int Quality { get; set; } = 75;
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This value might not be accurate if it was calculated during jpeg decoding
+        /// with non-complient ITU quantization tables.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal int ChrominanceQuality
+        {
+            get => this.chrominanceQuality ?? Quantization.DefaultQualityFactor;
+            set => this.chrominanceQuality = value;
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the encoded quality.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that jpeg image can have different quality for luminance and chrominance components.
+        /// This property returns maximum value of luma/chroma qualities.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public int Quality
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                // Jpeg always has a luminance table thus it must have a luminance quality derived from it
+                if (!this.luminanceQuality.HasValue)
+                {
+                    return Quantization.DefaultQualityFactor;
+                }
+
+                int lumaQuality = this.luminanceQuality.Value;
+
+                // Jpeg might not have a chrominance table - return luminance quality (grayscale images)
+                if (!this.chrominanceQuality.HasValue)
+                {
+                    return lumaQuality;
+                }
+
+                int chromaQuality = this.chrominanceQuality.Value;
+
+                // Theoretically, luma quality would always be greater or equal to chroma quality
+                // But we've already encountered images which can have higher quality of chroma components
+                return Math.Max(lumaQuality, chromaQuality);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                this.LuminanceQuality = value;
+                this.ChrominanceQuality = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the color type.
+        /// </summary>
         public JpegColorType? ColorType { get; set; }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Jpeg/JpegThrowHelper.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg
         public static void ThrowBadMarker(string marker, int length) => throw new InvalidImageContentException($"Marker {marker} has bad length {length}.");
 
         [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ColdPath)]
-        public static void ThrowBadQuantizationTable() => throw new InvalidImageContentException("Bad Quantization Table index.");
+        public static void ThrowBadQuantizationTableIndex(int index) => throw new InvalidImageContentException($"Bad Quantization Table index {index}.");
+
+        [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ColdPath)]
+        public static void ThrowBadQuantizationTablePrecision(int precision) => throw new InvalidImageContentException($"Unknown Quantization Table precision {precision}.");
 
         [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ColdPath)]
         public static void ThrowBadSampling() => throw new InvalidImageContentException("Bad sampling factor.");

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/BlackIsZero16TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'BlackIsZero' photometric interpretation for 16-bit grayscale images.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class BlackIsZero16TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        private readonly Configuration configuration;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BlackIsZero16TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="configuration">The configuration.</param>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public BlackIsZero16TiffColor(Configuration configuration, bool isBigEndian)
+        {
+            this.configuration = configuration;
+            this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            L16 l16 = TiffUtils.L16Default;
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ushort intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        offset += 2;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorFromL16(l16, intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int byteCount = pixelRow.Length * 2;
+                    PixelOperations<TPixel>.Instance.FromL16Bytes(
+                        this.configuration,
+                        data.Slice(offset, byteCount),
+                        pixelRow,
+                        pixelRow.Length);
+
+                    offset += byteCount;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/BlackIsZero24TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'BlackIsZero' photometric interpretation for 24-bit grayscale images.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class BlackIsZero24TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BlackIsZero24TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public BlackIsZero24TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
+            int bufferStartIdx = this.isBigEndian ? 1 : 0;
+
+            Span<byte> bufferSpan = buffer.AsSpan(bufferStartIdx);
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/BlackIsZero32TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'BlackIsZero' photometric interpretation for 32-bit grayscale images.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class BlackIsZero32TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BlackIsZero32TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public BlackIsZero32TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/BlackIsZero8TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
 using System;
-
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 
@@ -14,25 +13,26 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
     internal class BlackIsZero8TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
         where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
     {
+        private readonly Configuration configuration;
+
+        public BlackIsZero8TiffColor(Configuration configuration) => this.configuration = configuration;
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
         {
-            var color = default(TPixel);
-
             int offset = 0;
 
-            var l8 = default(L8);
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
-                {
+                int byteCount = pixelRow.Length;
-                    byte intensity = data[offset++];
+                PixelOperations<TPixel>.Instance.FromL8Bytes(
-
+                    this.configuration,
-                    l8.PackedValue = intensity;
+                    data.Slice(offset, byteCount),
-                    color.FromL8(l8);
+                    pixelRow,
+                    pixelRow.Length);
 
-                    pixels[x, y] = color;
+                offset += byteCount;
-                }
             }
         }
     }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/BlackIsZeroTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -34,13 +34,14 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
 
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
                 {
                     int value = bitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSample0);
                     float intensity = value / this.factor;
 
                     color.FromVector4(new Vector4(intensity, intensity, intensity, 1.0f));
-                    pixels[x, y] = color;
+                    pixelRow[x] = color;
                 }
 
                 bitReader.NextRow();

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/PaletteTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
 
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
                 {
                     int index = bitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSample0);
-                    pixels[x, y] = this.palette[index];
+                    pixelRow[x] = this.palette[index];
                 }
 
                 bitReader.NextRow();

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/Rgb161616TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
 using System;
-using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 
@@ -16,43 +16,60 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
     {
         private readonly bool isBigEndian;
 
+        private readonly Configuration configuration;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Rgb161616TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="configuration">The configuration.</param>
         /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
-        public Rgb161616TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+        public Rgb161616TiffColor(Configuration configuration, bool isBigEndian)
+        {
+            this.configuration = configuration;
+            this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+        }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
         {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            Rgba64 rgba = TiffUtils.Rgba64Default;
             var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
 
             int offset = 0;
 
-            var rgba = default(Rgba64);
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y);
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
 
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
                 {
-                    ulong r = this.ConvertToShort(data.Slice(offset, 2));
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
-                    offset += 2;
+                    {
-                    ulong g = this.ConvertToShort(data.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 2));
-                    offset += 2;
+                        offset += 2;
-                    ulong b = this.ConvertToShort(data.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 2));
-                    offset += 2;
+                        offset += 2;
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        offset += 2;
 
-                    rgba.PackedValue = r | (g << 16) | (b << 32) | (0xfffful << 48);
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorFromRgba64(rgba, r, g, b, color);
-                    color.FromRgba64(rgba);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int byteCount = pixelRow.Length * 6;
+                    PixelOperations<TPixel>.Instance.FromRgb48Bytes(
+                        this.configuration,
+                        data.Slice(offset, byteCount),
+                        pixelRow,
+                        pixelRow.Length);
 
-                    pixelRow[x] = color;
+                    offset += byteCount;
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        private ushort ConvertToShort(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) => this.isBigEndian
-                ? BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16BigEndian(buffer)
-                : BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16LittleEndian(buffer);
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/Rgb16PlanarTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'RGB' photometric interpretation with 'Planar' layout for each color channel with 16 bit.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Rgb16PlanarTiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Rgb16PlanarTiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public Rgb16PlanarTiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(IMemoryOwner<byte>[] data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            Rgba64 rgba = TiffUtils.Rgba64Default;
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+
+            Span<byte> redData = data[0].GetSpan();
+            Span<byte> greenData = data[1].GetSpan();
+            Span<byte> blueData = data[2].GetSpan();
+
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(redData.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(greenData.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(blueData.Slice(offset, 2));
+
+                        offset += 2;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorFromRgba64(rgba, r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortLittleEndian(redData.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortLittleEndian(greenData.Slice(offset, 2));
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortLittleEndian(blueData.Slice(offset, 2));
+
+                        offset += 2;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorFromRgba64(rgba, r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/Rgb242424TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'RGB' photometric interpretation with 24 bits for each channel.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Rgb242424TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Rgb242424TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public Rgb242424TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+            int offset = 0;
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
+            int bufferStartIdx = this.isBigEndian ? 1 : 0;
+
+            Span<byte> bufferSpan = buffer.AsSpan(bufferStartIdx);
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/Rgb24PlanarTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'RGB' photometric interpretation with 'Planar' layout for each color channel with 24 bit.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Rgb24PlanarTiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Rgb24PlanarTiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public Rgb24PlanarTiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(IMemoryOwner<byte>[] data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
+            int bufferStartIdx = this.isBigEndian ? 1 : 0;
+
+            Span<byte> redData = data[0].GetSpan();
+            Span<byte> greenData = data[1].GetSpan();
+            Span<byte> blueData = data[2].GetSpan();
+            Span<byte> bufferSpan = buffer.AsSpan(bufferStartIdx);
+
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        redData.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+                        greenData.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+                        blueData.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        redData.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+                        greenData.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+                        blueData.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/Rgb323232TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'RGB' photometric interpretation with 32 bits for each channel.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Rgb323232TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Rgb323232TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public Rgb323232TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+            int offset = 0;
+
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/Rgb32PlanarTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'RGB' photometric interpretation with 'Planar' layout for each color channel with 32 bit.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class Rgb32PlanarTiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Rgb32PlanarTiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public Rgb32PlanarTiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(IMemoryOwner<byte>[] data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+
+            Span<byte> redData = data[0].GetSpan();
+            Span<byte> greenData = data[1].GetSpan();
+            Span<byte> blueData = data[2].GetSpan();
+
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(redData.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(greenData.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(blueData.Slice(offset, 4));
+
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong r = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(redData.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        ulong g = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(greenData.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        ulong b = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(blueData.Slice(offset, 4));
+
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(r, g, b, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/Rgb888TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
 using System;
-
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 
@@ -14,29 +13,26 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
     internal class Rgb888TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
         where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
     {
+        private readonly Configuration configuration;
+
+        public Rgb888TiffColor(Configuration configuration) => this.configuration = configuration;
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
         {
-            var color = default(TPixel);
-
             int offset = 0;
 
-            var rgba = default(Rgba32);
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y);
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
-
+                int byteCount = pixelRow.Length * 3;
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                PixelOperations<TPixel>.Instance.FromRgb24Bytes(
-                {
+                    this.configuration,
-                    byte r = data[offset++];
+                    data.Slice(offset, byteCount),
-                    byte g = data[offset++];
+                    pixelRow,
-                    byte b = data[offset++];
+                    pixelRow.Length);
-
+
-                    rgba.PackedValue = (uint)(r | (g << 8) | (b << 16) | (0xff << 24));
+                offset += byteCount;
-                    color.FromRgba32(rgba);
-
-                    pixelRow[x] = color;
-                }
             }
         }
     }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/RgbPlanarTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) Six Labors.
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
+using System;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Numerics;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
     /// <summary>
     /// Implements the 'RGB' photometric interpretation with 'Planar' layout (for all bit depths).
     /// </summary>
-    internal class RgbPlanarTiffColor<TPixel>
+    internal class RgbPlanarTiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder<TPixel>
         where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
     {
         private readonly float rFactor;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
         /// <param name="top">The y-coordinate of the  top of the image block.</param>
         /// <param name="width">The width of the image block.</param>
         /// <param name="height">The height of the image block.</param>
-        public void Decode(IMemoryOwner<byte>[] data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        public override void Decode(IMemoryOwner<byte>[] data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
         {
             var color = default(TPixel);
 
@@ -57,14 +58,15 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
 
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
                 {
                     float r = rBitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSampleR) / this.rFactor;
                     float g = gBitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSampleG) / this.gFactor;
                     float b = bBitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSampleB) / this.bFactor;
 
                     color.FromVector4(new Vector4(r, g, b, 1.0f));
-                    pixels[x, y] = color;
+                    pixelRow[x] = color;
                 }
 
                 rBitReader.NextRow();

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/RgbTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -47,14 +47,15 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
 
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
                 {
                     float r = bitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSampleR) / this.rFactor;
                     float g = bitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSampleG) / this.gFactor;
                     float b = bitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSampleB) / this.bFactor;
 
                     color.FromVector4(new Vector4(r, g, b, 1.0f));
-                    pixels[x, y] = color;
+                    pixelRow[x] = color;
                 }
 
                 bitReader.NextRow();

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System.Buffers;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The base class for planar color decoders.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="TPixel">The pixel format.</typeparam>
+    internal abstract class TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Decodes source raw pixel data using the current photometric interpretation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The buffers to read image data from.</param>
+        /// <param name="pixels">The image buffer to write pixels to.</param>
+        /// <param name="left">The x-coordinate of the left-hand side of the image block.</param>
+        /// <param name="top">The y-coordinate of the  top of the image block.</param>
+        /// <param name="width">The width of the image block.</param>
+        /// <param name="height">The height of the image block.</param>
+        public abstract void Decode(IMemoryOwner<byte>[] data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height);
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/TiffColorDecoderFactory{TPixel}.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
     internal static class TiffColorDecoderFactory<TPixel>
         where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
     {
-        public static TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel> Create(TiffColorType colorType, TiffBitsPerSample bitsPerSample, ushort[] colorMap, ByteOrder byteOrder)
+        public static TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel> Create(Configuration configuration, TiffColorType colorType, TiffBitsPerSample bitsPerSample, ushort[] colorMap, ByteOrder byteOrder)
         {
             switch (colorType)
             {
@@ -32,6 +32,21 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
                     return new WhiteIsZero8TiffColor<TPixel>();
 
+                case TiffColorType.WhiteIsZero16:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1 && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 16, "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new WhiteIsZero16TiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.WhiteIsZero24:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1 && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 24, "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new WhiteIsZero24TiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.WhiteIsZero32:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1 && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 32, "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new WhiteIsZero32TiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
                 case TiffColorType.BlackIsZero:
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1, "bitsPerSample");
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
@@ -50,7 +65,22 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
                 case TiffColorType.BlackIsZero8:
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1 && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 8, "bitsPerSample");
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
-                    return new BlackIsZero8TiffColor<TPixel>();
+                    return new BlackIsZero8TiffColor<TPixel>(configuration);
+
+                case TiffColorType.BlackIsZero16:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1 && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 16, "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new BlackIsZero16TiffColor<TPixel>(configuration, byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.BlackIsZero24:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1 && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 24, "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new BlackIsZero24TiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.BlackIsZero32:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(bitsPerSample.Channels == 1 && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 32, "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new BlackIsZero32TiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
 
                 case TiffColorType.Rgb:
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
@@ -84,7 +114,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
                         && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 8,
                         "bitsPerSample");
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
-                    return new Rgb888TiffColor<TPixel>();
+                    return new Rgb888TiffColor<TPixel>(configuration);
 
                 case TiffColorType.Rgb101010:
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(
@@ -124,7 +154,27 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
                         && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 16,
                         "bitsPerSample");
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
-                    return new Rgb161616TiffColor<TPixel>(isBigEndian: byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+                    return new Rgb161616TiffColor<TPixel>(configuration, isBigEndian: byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.Rgb242424:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(
+                        bitsPerSample.Channels == 3
+                        && bitsPerSample.Channel2 == 24
+                        && bitsPerSample.Channel1 == 24
+                        && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 24,
+                        "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new Rgb242424TiffColor<TPixel>(isBigEndian: byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.Rgb323232:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(
+                        bitsPerSample.Channels == 3
+                        && bitsPerSample.Channel2 == 32
+                        && bitsPerSample.Channel1 == 32
+                        && bitsPerSample.Channel0 == 32,
+                        "bitsPerSample");
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new Rgb323232TiffColor<TPixel>(isBigEndian: byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
 
                 case TiffColorType.PaletteColor:
                     DebugGuard.NotNull(colorMap, "colorMap");
@@ -135,14 +185,26 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
             }
         }
 
-        public static RgbPlanarTiffColor<TPixel> CreatePlanar(TiffColorType colorType, TiffBitsPerSample bitsPerSample, ushort[] colorMap)
+        public static TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder<TPixel> CreatePlanar(TiffColorType colorType, TiffBitsPerSample bitsPerSample, ushort[] colorMap, ByteOrder byteOrder)
         {
             switch (colorType)
             {
-                case TiffColorType.RgbPlanar:
+                case TiffColorType.Rgb888Planar:
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
                     return new RgbPlanarTiffColor<TPixel>(bitsPerSample);
 
+                case TiffColorType.Rgb161616Planar:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new Rgb16PlanarTiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.Rgb242424Planar:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new Rgb24PlanarTiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
+                case TiffColorType.Rgb323232Planar:
+                    DebugGuard.IsTrue(colorMap == null, "colorMap");
+                    return new Rgb32PlanarTiffColor<TPixel>(byteOrder == ByteOrder.BigEndian);
+
                 default:
                     throw TiffThrowHelper.InvalidColorType(colorType.ToString());
             }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/TiffColorType.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,21 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
         /// </summary>
         BlackIsZero8,
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Grayscale: 0 is imaged as black. The maximum value is imaged as white. Optimized implementation for 16-bit images.
+        /// </summary>
+        BlackIsZero16,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Grayscale: 0 is imaged as black. The maximum value is imaged as white. Optimized implementation for 24-bit images.
+        /// </summary>
+        BlackIsZero24,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Grayscale: 0 is imaged as black. The maximum value is imaged as white. Optimized implementation for 32-bit images.
+        /// </summary>
+        BlackIsZero32,
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Grayscale: 0 is imaged as white. The maximum value is imaged as black.
         /// </summary>
@@ -48,6 +63,21 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
         /// </summary>
         WhiteIsZero8,
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Grayscale: 0 is imaged as white. The maximum value is imaged as black. Optimized implementation for 16-bit images.
+        /// </summary>
+        WhiteIsZero16,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Grayscale: 0 is imaged as white. The maximum value is imaged as black. Optimized implementation for 24-bit images.
+        /// </summary>
+        WhiteIsZero24,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Grayscale: 0 is imaged as white. The maximum value is imaged as black. Optimized implementation for 32-bit images.
+        /// </summary>
+        WhiteIsZero32,
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Palette-color.
         /// </summary>
@@ -94,8 +124,33 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
         Rgb161616,
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// RGB Full Color. Planar configuration of data.
+        /// RGB color image with 24 bits for each channel.
+        /// </summary>
+        Rgb242424,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// RGB color image with 32 bits for each channel.
+        /// </summary>
+        Rgb323232,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// RGB Full Color. Planar configuration of data. 8 Bit per color channel.
+        /// </summary>
+        Rgb888Planar,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// RGB Full Color. Planar configuration of data. 16 Bit per color channel.
+        /// </summary>
+        Rgb161616Planar,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// RGB Full Color. Planar configuration of data. 24 Bit per color channel.
+        /// </summary>
+        Rgb242424Planar,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// RGB Full Color. Planar configuration of data. 32 Bit per color channel.
         /// </summary>
-        RgbPlanar,
+        Rgb323232Planar,
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/WhiteIsZero16TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'WhiteIsZero' photometric interpretation for 16-bit grayscale images.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class WhiteIsZero16TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WhiteIsZero16TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public WhiteIsZero16TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            L16 l16 = TiffUtils.L16Default;
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ushort intensity = (ushort)(ushort.MaxValue - TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 2)));
+                        offset += 2;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorFromL16(l16, intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ushort intensity = (ushort)(ushort.MaxValue - TiffUtils.ConvertToUShortLittleEndian(data.Slice(offset, 2)));
+                        offset += 2;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorFromL16(l16, intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/WhiteIsZero24TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'WhiteIsZero' photometric interpretation for 24-bit grayscale images.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class WhiteIsZero24TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WhiteIsZero24TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public WhiteIsZero24TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
+            int bufferStartIdx = this.isBigEndian ? 1 : 0;
+
+            Span<byte> bufferSpan = buffer.AsSpan(bufferStartIdx);
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        data.Slice(offset, 3).CopyTo(bufferSpan);
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(buffer);
+                        offset += 3;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo24Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/WhiteIsZero32TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the 'WhiteIsZero' photometric interpretation for 32-bit grayscale images.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class WhiteIsZero32TiffColor<TPixel> : TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel>
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+    {
+        private readonly bool isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WhiteIsZero32TiffColor{TPixel}" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isBigEndian">if set to <c>true</c> decodes the pixel data as big endian, otherwise as little endian.</param>
+        public WhiteIsZero32TiffColor(bool isBigEndian) => this.isBigEndian = isBigEndian;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override void Decode(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, Buffer2D<TPixel> pixels, int left, int top, int width, int height)
+        {
+            // Note: due to an issue with netcore 2.1 and default values and unpredictable behavior with those,
+            // we define our own defaults as a workaround. See: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/55623
+            var color = default(TPixel);
+            color.FromVector4(TiffUtils.Vector4Default);
+
+            int offset = 0;
+            for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
+            {
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                if (this.isBigEndian)
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntBigEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
+                    {
+                        ulong intensity = TiffUtils.ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(data.Slice(offset, 4));
+                        offset += 4;
+
+                        pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorScaleTo32Bit(intensity, color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/WhiteIsZero8TiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
 using System;
-
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Memory;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 
@@ -24,14 +24,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
             var l8 = default(L8);
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
                 {
                     byte intensity = (byte)(255 - data[offset++]);
-
+                    pixelRow[x] = TiffUtils.ColorFromL8(l8, intensity, color);
-                    l8.PackedValue = intensity;
-                    color.FromL8(l8);
-
-                    pixels[x, y] = color;
                 }
             }
         }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/WhiteIsZeroTiffColor{TPixel}.cs

@@ -34,13 +34,14 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
 
             for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++)
             {
-                for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++)
+                Span<TPixel> pixelRow = pixels.GetRowSpan(y).Slice(left, width);
+                for (int x = 0; x < pixelRow.Length; x++)
                 {
                     int value = bitReader.ReadBits(this.bitsPerSample0);
                     float intensity = 1.0f - (value / this.factor);
 
                     color.FromVector4(new Vector4(intensity, intensity, intensity, 1.0f));
-                    pixels[x, y] = color;
+                    pixelRow[x] = color;
                 }
 
                 bitReader.NextRow();

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/TiffDecoderCore.cs

@@ -266,17 +266,17 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
 
                 using TiffBaseDecompressor decompressor = TiffDecompressorsFactory.Create(this.CompressionType, this.memoryAllocator, this.PhotometricInterpretation, frame.Width, bitsPerPixel, this.Predictor, this.FaxCompressionOptions);
 
-                RgbPlanarTiffColor<TPixel> colorDecoder = TiffColorDecoderFactory<TPixel>.CreatePlanar(this.ColorType, this.BitsPerSample, this.ColorMap);
+                TiffBasePlanarColorDecoder<TPixel> colorDecoder = TiffColorDecoderFactory<TPixel>.CreatePlanar(this.ColorType, this.BitsPerSample, this.ColorMap, this.byteOrder);
 
                 for (int i = 0; i < stripsPerPlane; i++)
                 {
                     int stripHeight = i < stripsPerPlane - 1 || frame.Height % rowsPerStrip == 0 ? rowsPerStrip : frame.Height % rowsPerStrip;
 
+                    int stripIndex = i;
                     for (int planeIndex = 0; planeIndex < stripsPerPixel; planeIndex++)
                     {
-                        int stripIndex = (i * stripsPerPixel) + planeIndex;
-
                         decompressor.Decompress(this.inputStream, (uint)stripOffsets[stripIndex], (uint)stripByteCounts[stripIndex], stripBuffers[planeIndex].GetSpan());
+                        stripIndex += stripsPerPlane;
                     }
 
                     colorDecoder.Decode(stripBuffers, pixels, 0, rowsPerStrip * i, frame.Width, stripHeight);
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                 this.Predictor,
                 this.FaxCompressionOptions);
 
-            TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel> colorDecoder = TiffColorDecoderFactory<TPixel>.Create(this.ColorType, this.BitsPerSample, this.ColorMap, this.byteOrder);
+            TiffBaseColorDecoder<TPixel> colorDecoder = TiffColorDecoderFactory<TPixel>.Create(this.Configuration, this.ColorType, this.BitsPerSample, this.ColorMap, this.byteOrder);
 
             for (int stripIndex = 0; stripIndex < stripOffsets.Length; stripIndex++)
             {

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/TiffDecoderOptionsParser.cs

@@ -104,13 +104,31 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                     }
 
                     ushort bitsPerChannel = options.BitsPerSample.Channel0;
-                    if (bitsPerChannel > 16)
+                    if (bitsPerChannel > 32)
                     {
                         TiffThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupported("Bits per sample is not supported.");
                     }
 
                     switch (bitsPerChannel)
                     {
+                        case 32:
+                        {
+                            options.ColorType = TiffColorType.WhiteIsZero32;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 24:
+                        {
+                            options.ColorType = TiffColorType.WhiteIsZero24;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 16:
+                        {
+                            options.ColorType = TiffColorType.WhiteIsZero16;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
                         case 8:
                         {
                             options.ColorType = TiffColorType.WhiteIsZero8;
@@ -147,13 +165,31 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                     }
 
                     ushort bitsPerChannel = options.BitsPerSample.Channel0;
-                    if (bitsPerChannel > 16)
+                    if (bitsPerChannel > 32)
                     {
                         TiffThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupported("Bits per sample is not supported.");
                     }
 
                     switch (bitsPerChannel)
                     {
+                        case 32:
+                        {
+                            options.ColorType = TiffColorType.BlackIsZero32;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 24:
+                        {
+                            options.ColorType = TiffColorType.BlackIsZero24;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case 16:
+                        {
+                            options.ColorType = TiffColorType.BlackIsZero16;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
                         case 8:
                         {
                             options.ColorType = TiffColorType.BlackIsZero8;
@@ -184,16 +220,30 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
 
                 case TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb:
                 {
-                    if (options.BitsPerSample.Channels != 3)
+                    TiffBitsPerSample bitsPerSample = options.BitsPerSample;
+                    if (bitsPerSample.Channels != 3)
                     {
                         TiffThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupported("The number of samples in the TIFF BitsPerSample entry is not supported.");
                     }
 
+                    if (!(bitsPerSample.Channel0 == bitsPerSample.Channel1 && bitsPerSample.Channel1 == bitsPerSample.Channel2))
+                    {
+                        TiffThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupported("Only BitsPerSample with equal bits per channel are supported.");
+                    }
+
                     if (options.PlanarConfiguration == TiffPlanarConfiguration.Chunky)
                     {
                         ushort bitsPerChannel = options.BitsPerSample.Channel0;
                         switch (bitsPerChannel)
                         {
+                            case 32:
+                                options.ColorType = TiffColorType.Rgb323232;
+                                break;
+
+                            case 24:
+                                options.ColorType = TiffColorType.Rgb242424;
+                                break;
+
                             case 16:
                                 options.ColorType = TiffColorType.Rgb161616;
                                 break;
@@ -226,7 +276,22 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        options.ColorType = TiffColorType.RgbPlanar;
+                        ushort bitsPerChannel = options.BitsPerSample.Channel0;
+                        switch (bitsPerChannel)
+                        {
+                            case 32:
+                                options.ColorType = TiffColorType.Rgb323232Planar;
+                                break;
+                            case 24:
+                                options.ColorType = TiffColorType.Rgb242424Planar;
+                                break;
+                            case 16:
+                                options.ColorType = TiffColorType.Rgb161616Planar;
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                options.ColorType = TiffColorType.Rgb888Planar;
+                                break;
+                        }
                     }
 
                     break;

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/TiffEncoderCore.cs

@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
         /// </summary>
         private const TiffPhotometricInterpretation DefaultPhotometricInterpretation = TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb;
 
+        private readonly List<(long, uint)> frameMarkers = new List<(long, uint)>();
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TiffEncoderCore"/> class.
         /// </summary>
@@ -147,13 +149,25 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
             // Make sure, the Encoder options makes sense in combination with each other.
             this.SanitizeAndSetEncoderOptions(bitsPerPixel, image.PixelType.BitsPerPixel, photometricInterpretation, compression, predictor);
 
-            using (var writer = new TiffStreamWriter(stream))
+            using var writer = new TiffStreamWriter(stream);
+            long ifdMarker = this.WriteHeader(writer);
+
+            Image<TPixel> metadataImage = image;
+            foreach (ImageFrame<TPixel> frame in image.Frames)
             {
-                long firstIfdMarker = this.WriteHeader(writer);
+                var subfileType = (TiffNewSubfileType)(frame.Metadata.ExifProfile?.GetValue(ExifTag.SubfileType)?.Value ?? (int)TiffNewSubfileType.FullImage);
 
-                // TODO: multiframing is not supported
+                ifdMarker = this.WriteFrame(writer, frame, image.Metadata, metadataImage, ifdMarker);
-                this.WriteImage(writer, image, firstIfdMarker);
+                metadataImage = null;
+            }
+
+            long currentOffset = writer.BaseStream.Position;
+            foreach ((long, uint) marker in this.frameMarkers)
+            {
+                writer.WriteMarkerFast(marker.Item1, marker.Item2);
             }
+
+            writer.BaseStream.Seek(currentOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -174,41 +188,56 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
         /// Writes all data required to define an image.
         /// </summary>
         /// <typeparam name="TPixel">The pixel format.</typeparam>
-        /// <param name="writer">The <see cref="BinaryWriter"/> to write data to.</param>
+        /// <param name="writer">The <see cref="BinaryWriter" /> to write data to.</param>
-        /// <param name="image">The <see cref="Image{TPixel}"/> to encode from.</param>
+        /// <param name="frame">The tiff frame.</param>
+        /// <param name="imageMetadata">The image metadata (resolution values for each frame).</param>
+        /// <param name="image">The image (common metadata for root frame).</param>
         /// <param name="ifdOffset">The marker to write this IFD offset.</param>
-        private void WriteImage<TPixel>(TiffStreamWriter writer, Image<TPixel> image, long ifdOffset)
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The next IFD offset value.
+        /// </returns>
+        private long WriteFrame<TPixel>(
+            TiffStreamWriter writer,
+            ImageFrame<TPixel> frame,
+            ImageMetadata imageMetadata,
+            Image<TPixel> image,
+            long ifdOffset)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
-            var entriesCollector = new TiffEncoderEntriesCollector();
-
             using TiffBaseCompressor compressor = TiffCompressorFactory.Create(
                 this.CompressionType ?? TiffCompression.None,
                 writer.BaseStream,
                 this.memoryAllocator,
-                image.Width,
+                frame.Width,
                 (int)this.BitsPerPixel,
                 this.compressionLevel,
                 this.HorizontalPredictor == TiffPredictor.Horizontal ? this.HorizontalPredictor.Value : TiffPredictor.None);
 
+            var entriesCollector = new TiffEncoderEntriesCollector();
             using TiffBaseColorWriter<TPixel> colorWriter = TiffColorWriterFactory.Create(
                 this.PhotometricInterpretation,
-                image.Frames.RootFrame,
+                frame,
                 this.quantizer,
                 this.memoryAllocator,
                 this.configuration,
                 entriesCollector,
                 (int)this.BitsPerPixel);
 
-            int rowsPerStrip = this.CalcRowsPerStrip(image.Frames.RootFrame.Height, colorWriter.BytesPerRow);
+            int rowsPerStrip = this.CalcRowsPerStrip(frame.Height, colorWriter.BytesPerRow);
 
             colorWriter.Write(compressor, rowsPerStrip);
 
+            if (image != null)
+            {
+                entriesCollector.ProcessMetadata(image);
+            }
+
+            entriesCollector.ProcessFrameInfo(frame, imageMetadata);
             entriesCollector.ProcessImageFormat(this);
-            entriesCollector.ProcessGeneral(image);
 
-            writer.WriteMarker(ifdOffset, (uint)writer.Position);
+            this.frameMarkers.Add((ifdOffset, (uint)writer.Position));
-            long nextIfdMarker = this.WriteIfd(writer, entriesCollector.Entries);
+
+            return this.WriteIfd(writer, entriesCollector.Entries);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -272,7 +301,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    var raw = new byte[length];
+                    byte[] raw = new byte[length];
                     int sz = ExifWriter.WriteValue(entry, raw, 0);
                     DebugGuard.IsTrue(sz == raw.Length, "Incorrect number of bytes written");
                     largeDataBlocks.Add(raw);

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/TiffEncoderEntriesCollector.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Common.Helpers;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Constants;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Metadata;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Metadata.Profiles.Exif;
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 
 namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
 {
@@ -16,9 +15,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
 
         public List<IExifValue> Entries { get; } = new List<IExifValue>();
 
-        public void ProcessGeneral<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image)
+        public void ProcessMetadata(Image image)
-                where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+            => new MetadataProcessor(this).Process(image);
-            => new GeneralProcessor(this).Process(image);
+
+        public void ProcessFrameInfo(ImageFrame frame, ImageMetadata imageMetadata)
+            => new FrameInfoProcessor(this).Process(frame, imageMetadata);
 
         public void ProcessImageFormat(TiffEncoderCore encoder)
             => new ImageFormatProcessor(this).Process(encoder);
@@ -38,44 +39,35 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
 
         private void Add(IExifValue entry) => this.Entries.Add(entry);
 
-        private class GeneralProcessor
+        private abstract class BaseProcessor
         {
-            private readonly TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector;
+            public BaseProcessor(TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector) => this.Collector = collector;
 
-            public GeneralProcessor(TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector) => this.collector = collector;
+            protected TiffEncoderEntriesCollector Collector { get; }
+        }
 
-            public void Process<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image)
+        private class MetadataProcessor : BaseProcessor
-                where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            public MetadataProcessor(TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector)
+                : base(collector)
             {
-                ImageFrame<TPixel> rootFrame = image.Frames.RootFrame;
+            }
-                ExifProfile rootFrameExifProfile = rootFrame.Metadata.ExifProfile ?? new ExifProfile();
-                byte[] rootFrameXmpBytes = rootFrame.Metadata.XmpProfile;
-
-                var width = new ExifLong(ExifTagValue.ImageWidth)
-                {
-                    Value = (uint)image.Width
-                };
-
-                var height = new ExifLong(ExifTagValue.ImageLength)
-                {
-                    Value = (uint)image.Height
-                };
-
-                var software = new ExifString(ExifTagValue.Software)
-                {
-                    Value = SoftwareValue
-                };
 
-                this.collector.AddOrReplace(width);
+            public void Process(Image image)
-                this.collector.AddOrReplace(height);
+            {
+                ImageFrame rootFrame = image.Frames.RootFrame;
+                ExifProfile rootFrameExifProfile = rootFrame.Metadata.ExifProfile ?? new ExifProfile();
+                byte[] foorFrameXmpBytes = rootFrame.Metadata.XmpProfile;
 
-                this.ProcessResolution(image.Metadata, rootFrameExifProfile);
+                this.ProcessProfiles(image.Metadata, rootFrameExifProfile, foorFrameXmpBytes);
-                this.ProcessProfiles(image.Metadata, rootFrameExifProfile, rootFrameXmpBytes);
                 this.ProcessMetadata(rootFrameExifProfile);
 
-                if (!this.collector.Entries.Exists(t => t.Tag == ExifTag.Software))
+                if (!this.Collector.Entries.Exists(t => t.Tag == ExifTag.Software))
                 {
-                    this.collector.Add(software);
+                    this.Collector.Add(new ExifString(ExifTagValue.Software)
+                    {
+                        Value = SoftwareValue
+                    });
                 }
             }
 
@@ -114,26 +106,6 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                 }
             }
 
-            private void ProcessResolution(ImageMetadata imageMetadata, ExifProfile exifProfile)
-            {
-                UnitConverter.SetResolutionValues(
-                    exifProfile,
-                    imageMetadata.ResolutionUnits,
-                    imageMetadata.HorizontalResolution,
-                    imageMetadata.VerticalResolution);
-
-                this.collector.Add(exifProfile.GetValue(ExifTag.ResolutionUnit).DeepClone());
-
-                IExifValue xResolution = exifProfile.GetValue(ExifTag.XResolution)?.DeepClone();
-                IExifValue yResolution = exifProfile.GetValue(ExifTag.YResolution)?.DeepClone();
-
-                if (xResolution != null && yResolution != null)
-                {
-                    this.collector.Add(xResolution);
-                    this.collector.Add(yResolution);
-                }
-            }
-
             private void ProcessMetadata(ExifProfile exifProfile)
             {
                 foreach (IExifValue entry in exifProfile.Values)
@@ -170,9 +142,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                             break;
                     }
 
-                    if (!this.collector.Entries.Exists(t => t.Tag == entry.Tag))
+                    if (!this.Collector.Entries.Exists(t => t.Tag == entry.Tag))
                     {
-                        this.collector.AddOrReplace(entry.DeepClone());
+                        this.Collector.AddOrReplace(entry.DeepClone());
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -183,12 +155,12 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                 {
                     foreach (IExifValue entry in exifProfile.Values)
                     {
-                        if (!this.collector.Entries.Exists(t => t.Tag == entry.Tag) && entry.GetValue() != null)
+                        if (!this.Collector.Entries.Exists(t => t.Tag == entry.Tag) && entry.GetValue() != null)
                         {
                             ExifParts entryPart = ExifTags.GetPart(entry.Tag);
                             if (entryPart != ExifParts.None && exifProfile.Parts.HasFlag(entryPart))
                             {
-                                this.collector.AddOrReplace(entry.DeepClone());
+                                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(entry.DeepClone());
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -206,7 +178,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                         Value = imageMetadata.IptcProfile.Data
                     };
 
-                    this.collector.Add(iptc);
+                    this.Collector.Add(iptc);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -220,7 +192,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                         Value = imageMetadata.IccProfile.ToByteArray()
                     };
 
-                    this.collector.Add(icc);
+                    this.Collector.Add(icc);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -234,7 +206,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                         Value = xmpProfile
                     };
 
-                    this.collector.Add(xmp);
+                    this.Collector.Add(xmp);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -243,11 +215,61 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
             }
         }
 
-        private class ImageFormatProcessor
+        private class FrameInfoProcessor : BaseProcessor
         {
-            private readonly TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector;
+            public FrameInfoProcessor(TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector)
+                : base(collector)
+            {
+            }
+
+            public void Process(ImageFrame frame, ImageMetadata imageMetadata)
+            {
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(new ExifLong(ExifTagValue.ImageWidth)
+                {
+                    Value = (uint)frame.Width
+                });
+
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(new ExifLong(ExifTagValue.ImageLength)
+                {
+                    Value = (uint)frame.Height
+                });
+
+                this.ProcessResolution(imageMetadata);
+            }
+
+            private void ProcessResolution(ImageMetadata imageMetadata)
+            {
+                ExifResolutionValues resolution = UnitConverter.GetExifResolutionValues(
+                    imageMetadata.ResolutionUnits,
+                    imageMetadata.HorizontalResolution,
+                    imageMetadata.VerticalResolution);
 
-            public ImageFormatProcessor(TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector) => this.collector = collector;
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(new ExifShort(ExifTagValue.ResolutionUnit)
+                {
+                    Value = resolution.ResolutionUnit
+                });
+
+                if (resolution.VerticalResolution.HasValue && resolution.HorizontalResolution.HasValue)
+                {
+                    this.Collector.AddOrReplace(new ExifRational(ExifTagValue.XResolution)
+                    {
+                        Value = new Rational(resolution.HorizontalResolution.Value)
+                    });
+
+                    this.Collector.AddOrReplace(new ExifRational(ExifTagValue.YResolution)
+                    {
+                        Value = new Rational(resolution.VerticalResolution.Value)
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class ImageFormatProcessor : BaseProcessor
+        {
+            public ImageFormatProcessor(TiffEncoderEntriesCollector collector)
+                : base(collector)
+            {
+            }
 
             public void Process(TiffEncoderCore encoder)
             {
@@ -278,11 +300,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                     Value = (ushort)encoder.PhotometricInterpretation
                 };
 
-                this.collector.AddOrReplace(planarConfig);
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(planarConfig);
-                this.collector.AddOrReplace(samplesPerPixel);
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(samplesPerPixel);
-                this.collector.AddOrReplace(bitPerSample);
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(bitPerSample);
-                this.collector.AddOrReplace(compression);
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(compression);
-                this.collector.AddOrReplace(photometricInterpretation);
+                this.Collector.AddOrReplace(photometricInterpretation);
 
                 if (encoder.HorizontalPredictor == TiffPredictor.Horizontal)
                 {
@@ -292,7 +314,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff
                     {
                         var predictor = new ExifShort(ExifTagValue.Predictor) { Value = (ushort)TiffPredictor.Horizontal };
 
-                        this.collector.AddOrReplace(predictor);
+                        this.Collector.AddOrReplace(predictor);
                     }
                 }
             }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/Utils/TiffUtils.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Utils
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper methods for TIFF decoding.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class TiffUtils
+    {
+        private const float Scale24Bit = 1.0f / 0xFFFFFF;
+
+        private const float Scale32Bit = 1.0f / 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+        public static Vector4 Vector4Default { get; } = new Vector4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+        public static Rgba64 Rgba64Default { get; } = new Rgba64(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        public static L16 L16Default { get; } = new L16(0);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static ushort ConvertToUShortBigEndian(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) => BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16BigEndian(buffer);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static ushort ConvertToUShortLittleEndian(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) => BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt16LittleEndian(buffer);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static uint ConvertToUIntBigEndian(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) => BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(buffer);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static uint ConvertToUIntLittleEndian(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer) => BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32LittleEndian(buffer);
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static TPixel ColorFromL8<TPixel>(L8 l8, byte intensity, TPixel color)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            l8.PackedValue = intensity;
+            color.FromL8(l8);
+            return color;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static TPixel ColorFromRgba64<TPixel>(Rgba64 rgba, ulong r, ulong g, ulong b, TPixel color)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            rgba.PackedValue = r | (g << 16) | (b << 32) | (0xfffful << 48);
+            color.FromRgba64(rgba);
+            return color;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static TPixel ColorScaleTo24Bit<TPixel>(ulong r, ulong g, ulong b, TPixel color)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            var colorVector = new Vector4(r * Scale24Bit, g * Scale24Bit, b * Scale24Bit, 1.0f);
+            color.FromVector4(colorVector);
+            return color;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static TPixel ColorScaleTo32Bit<TPixel>(ulong r, ulong g, ulong b, TPixel color)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            var colorVector = new Vector4(r * Scale32Bit, g * Scale32Bit, b * Scale32Bit, 1.0f);
+            color.FromVector4(colorVector);
+            return color;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static TPixel ColorFromL16<TPixel>(L16 l16, ushort intensity, TPixel color)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            l16.PackedValue = intensity;
+            color.FromL16(l16);
+            return color;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static TPixel ColorScaleTo24Bit<TPixel>(ulong intensity, TPixel color)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            var colorVector = new Vector4(intensity * Scale24Bit, intensity * Scale24Bit, intensity * Scale24Bit, 1.0f);
+            color.FromVector4(colorVector);
+            return color;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        public static TPixel ColorScaleTo32Bit<TPixel>(ulong intensity, TPixel color)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            var colorVector = new Vector4(intensity * Scale32Bit, intensity * Scale32Bit, intensity * Scale32Bit, 1.0f);
+            color.FromVector4(colorVector);
+            return color;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Tiff/Writers/TiffStreamWriter.cs

@@ -126,10 +126,16 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Writers
         /// <param name="value">The four-byte unsigned integer to write.</param>
         public void WriteMarker(long offset, uint value)
         {
-            long currentOffset = this.BaseStream.Position;
+            long back = this.BaseStream.Position;
+            this.BaseStream.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            this.Write(value);
+            this.BaseStream.Seek(back, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        }
+
+        public void WriteMarkerFast(long offset, uint value)
+        {
             this.BaseStream.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
             this.Write(value);
-            this.BaseStream.Seek(currentOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Dithering/ErrorDither.cs

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
         [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ShortMethod)]
         public ErrorDither(in DenseMatrix<float> matrix, int offset)
         {
+            Guard.MustBeGreaterThan(offset, 0, nameof(offset));
+
             this.matrix = matrix;
             this.offset = offset;
         }
@@ -95,6 +97,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
             where TFrameQuantizer : struct, IQuantizer<TPixel>
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
+            if (this == default)
+            {
+                ThrowDefaultInstance();
+            }
+
             int offsetY = bounds.Top;
             int offsetX = bounds.Left;
             float scale = quantizer.Options.DitherScale;
@@ -122,6 +129,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
             where TPaletteDitherImageProcessor : struct, IPaletteDitherImageProcessor<TPixel>
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
+            if (this == default)
+            {
+                ThrowDefaultInstance();
+            }
+
             float scale = processor.DitherScale;
             for (int y = bounds.Top; y < bounds.Bottom; y++)
             {
@@ -210,5 +222,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public override int GetHashCode()
             => HashCode.Combine(this.offset, this.matrix);
+
+        [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ColdPath)]
+        private static void ThrowDefaultInstance()
+            => throw new ImageProcessingException("Cannot use the default value type instance to dither.");
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Dithering/OrderedDither.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
         [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ShortMethod)]
         public OrderedDither(uint length)
         {
+            Guard.MustBeGreaterThan(length, 0, nameof(length));
+
             DenseMatrix<uint> ditherMatrix = OrderedDitherFactory.CreateDitherMatrix(length);
 
             // Create a new matrix to run against, that pre-thresholds the values.
@@ -109,6 +111,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
             where TFrameQuantizer : struct, IQuantizer<TPixel>
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
+            if (this == default)
+            {
+                ThrowDefaultInstance();
+            }
+
             int spread = CalculatePaletteSpread(destination.Palette.Length);
             float scale = quantizer.Options.DitherScale;
 
@@ -134,6 +141,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
             where TPaletteDitherImageProcessor : struct, IPaletteDitherImageProcessor<TPixel>
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
+            if (this == default)
+            {
+                ThrowDefaultInstance();
+            }
+
             int spread = CalculatePaletteSpread(processor.Palette.Length);
             float scale = processor.DitherScale;
 
@@ -201,5 +213,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering
         [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ShortMethod)]
         public override int GetHashCode()
             => HashCode.Combine(this.thresholdMatrix, this.modulusX, this.modulusY);
+
+        [MethodImpl(InliningOptions.ColdPath)]
+        private static void ThrowDefaultInstance()
+            => throw new ImageProcessingException("Cannot use the default value type instance to dither.");
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Quantization/OctreeQuantizer.cs

@@ -11,14 +11,12 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization
     /// </summary>
     public class OctreeQuantizer : IQuantizer
     {
-        private static readonly QuantizerOptions DefaultOptions = new QuantizerOptions();
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="OctreeQuantizer"/> class
         /// using the default <see cref="QuantizerOptions"/>.
         /// </summary>
         public OctreeQuantizer()
-            : this(DefaultOptions)
+            : this(new QuantizerOptions())
         {
         }
 

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Quantization/PaletteQuantizer.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization
     /// </summary>
     public class PaletteQuantizer : IQuantizer
     {
-        private static readonly QuantizerOptions DefaultOptions = new QuantizerOptions();
         private readonly ReadOnlyMemory<Color> colorPalette;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="palette">The color palette.</param>
         public PaletteQuantizer(ReadOnlyMemory<Color> palette)
-            : this(palette, DefaultOptions)
+            : this(palette, new QuantizerOptions())
         {
         }
 

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Quantization/WebSafePaletteQuantizer.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (c) Six Labors.
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering;
-
 namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -10,13 +8,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization
     /// </summary>
     public class WebSafePaletteQuantizer : PaletteQuantizer
     {
-        private static readonly QuantizerOptions DefaultOptions = new QuantizerOptions();
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WebSafePaletteQuantizer" /> class.
         /// </summary>
         public WebSafePaletteQuantizer()
-            : this(DefaultOptions)
+            : this(new QuantizerOptions())
         {
         }
 

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Quantization/WernerPaletteQuantizer.cs

@@ -9,13 +9,11 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization
     /// </summary>
     public class WernerPaletteQuantizer : PaletteQuantizer
     {
-        private static readonly QuantizerOptions DefaultOptions = new QuantizerOptions();
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WernerPaletteQuantizer" /> class.
         /// </summary>
         public WernerPaletteQuantizer()
-            : this(DefaultOptions)
+            : this(new QuantizerOptions())
         {
         }
 

src/ImageSharp/Processing/Processors/Quantization/WuQuantizer.cs

@@ -10,14 +10,12 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization
     /// </summary>
     public class WuQuantizer : IQuantizer
     {
-        private static readonly QuantizerOptions DefaultOptions = new QuantizerOptions();
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WuQuantizer"/> class
         /// using the default <see cref="QuantizerOptions"/>.
         /// </summary>
         public WuQuantizer()
-            : this(DefaultOptions)
+            : this(new QuantizerOptions())
         {
         }
 

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Jpg/Block8x8FTests.cs

@@ -493,5 +493,96 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Jpg
                 Assert.Equal(data[i], dest[i]);
             }
         }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void EqualsToScalar_AllOne()
+        {
+            static void RunTest()
+            {
+                // Fill matrix with valid value
+                Block8x8F block = default;
+                for (int i = 0; i < Block8x8F.Size; i++)
+                {
+                    block[i] = 1;
+                }
+
+                bool isEqual = block.EqualsToScalar(1);
+                Assert.True(isEqual);
+            }
+
+            // 2 paths:
+            // 1. DisableFMA - call avx implementation
+            // 3. DisableAvx2 - call fallback code of float implementation
+            FeatureTestRunner.RunWithHwIntrinsicsFeature(
+                RunTest,
+                HwIntrinsics.AllowAll | HwIntrinsics.DisableAVX2);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(10)]
+        public void EqualsToScalar_OneOffEachPosition(int equalsTo)
+        {
+            static void RunTest(string serializedEqualsTo)
+            {
+                int equalsTo = FeatureTestRunner.Deserialize<int>(serializedEqualsTo);
+                int offValue = 0;
+
+                // Fill matrix with valid value
+                Block8x8F block = default;
+                for (int i = 0; i < Block8x8F.Size; i++)
+                {
+                    block[i] = equalsTo;
+                }
+
+                // Assert with invalid values at different positions
+                for (int i = 0; i < Block8x8F.Size; i++)
+                {
+                    block[i] = offValue;
+
+                    bool isEqual = block.EqualsToScalar(equalsTo);
+                    Assert.False(isEqual, $"False equality:\n{block}");
+
+                    // restore valid value for next iteration assertion
+                    block[i] = equalsTo;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 2 paths:
+            // 1. DisableFMA - call avx implementation
+            // 3. DisableAvx2 - call fallback code of float implementation
+            FeatureTestRunner.RunWithHwIntrinsicsFeature(
+                RunTest,
+                equalsTo,
+                HwIntrinsics.AllowAll | HwIntrinsics.DisableAVX2);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(39)]
+        public void EqualsToScalar_Valid(int equalsTo)
+        {
+            static void RunTest(string serializedEqualsTo)
+            {
+                int equalsTo = FeatureTestRunner.Deserialize<int>(serializedEqualsTo);
+
+                // Fill matrix with valid value
+                Block8x8F block = default;
+                for (int i = 0; i < Block8x8F.Size; i++)
+                {
+                    block[i] = equalsTo;
+                }
+
+                // Assert
+                bool isEqual = block.EqualsToScalar(equalsTo);
+                Assert.True(isEqual);
+            }
+
+            // 2 paths:
+            // 1. DisableFMA - call avx implementation
+            // 3. DisableAvx2 - call fallback code of float implementation
+            FeatureTestRunner.RunWithHwIntrinsicsFeature(
+                RunTest,
+                equalsTo,
+                HwIntrinsics.AllowAll | HwIntrinsics.DisableAVX2);
+        }
     }
 }

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Jpg/JpegDecoderTests.Metadata.cs

@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Jpg
         {
             { TestImages.Jpeg.Baseline.Calliphora, 80 },
             { TestImages.Jpeg.Progressive.Fb, 75 },
-            { TestImages.Jpeg.Issues.IncorrectQuality845, 99 }
+            { TestImages.Jpeg.Issues.IncorrectQuality845, 98 },
+            { TestImages.Jpeg.Baseline.ForestBridgeDifferentComponentsQuality, 89 },
+            { TestImages.Jpeg.Progressive.Winter, 80 }
         };
 
         [Theory]

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Jpg/JpegMetadataTests.cs

@@ -21,5 +21,44 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Jpg
             Assert.False(meta.Quality.Equals(clone.Quality));
             Assert.False(meta.ColorType.Equals(clone.ColorType));
         }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Quality_DefaultQuality()
+        {
+            var meta = new JpegMetadata();
+
+            Assert.Equal(meta.Quality, ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components.Quantization.DefaultQualityFactor);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Quality_LuminanceOnlyQuality()
+        {
+            int quality = 50;
+
+            var meta = new JpegMetadata { LuminanceQuality = quality };
+
+            Assert.Equal(meta.Quality, quality);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Quality_BothComponentsQuality()
+        {
+            int quality = 50;
+
+            var meta = new JpegMetadata { LuminanceQuality = quality, ChrominanceQuality = quality };
+
+            Assert.Equal(meta.Quality, quality);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Quality_ReturnsMaxQuality()
+        {
+            int qualityLuma = 50;
+            int qualityChroma = 30;
+
+            var meta = new JpegMetadata { LuminanceQuality = qualityLuma, ChrominanceQuality = qualityChroma };
+
+            Assert.Equal(meta.Quality, qualityLuma);
+        }
     }
 }

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Jpg/QuantizationTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components;
+using Xunit;
+
+using JpegQuantization = SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components.Quantization;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Jpg
+{
+    [Trait("Format", "Jpg")]
+    public class QuantizationTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void QualityEstimationFromStandardEncoderTables_Luminance()
+        {
+            int firstIndex = JpegQuantization.QualityEstimationConfidenceLowerThreshold;
+            int lastIndex = JpegQuantization.QualityEstimationConfidenceUpperThreshold;
+            for (int quality = firstIndex; quality <= lastIndex; quality++)
+            {
+                Block8x8F table = JpegQuantization.ScaleLuminanceTable(quality);
+                int estimatedQuality = JpegQuantization.EstimateLuminanceQuality(ref table);
+
+                Assert.True(quality.Equals(estimatedQuality), $"Failed to estimate luminance quality for standard table at quality level {quality}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void QualityEstimationFromStandardEncoderTables_Chrominance()
+        {
+            int firstIndex = JpegQuantization.QualityEstimationConfidenceLowerThreshold;
+            int lastIndex = JpegQuantization.QualityEstimationConfidenceUpperThreshold;
+            for (int quality = firstIndex; quality <= lastIndex; quality++)
+            {
+                Block8x8F table = JpegQuantization.ScaleChrominanceTable(quality);
+                int estimatedQuality = JpegQuantization.EstimateChrominanceQuality(ref table);
+
+                Assert.True(quality.Equals(estimatedQuality), $"Failed to estimate chrominance quality for standard table at quality level {quality}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Jpg/SpectralJpegTests.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Threading;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Jpeg.Components.Decoder;

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/BlackIsZeroTiffColorTests.cs

@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
         {
             AssertDecode(expectedResult, pixels =>
                 {
-                    new BlackIsZero8TiffColor<Rgba32>().Decode(inputData, pixels, left, top, width, height);
+                    new BlackIsZero8TiffColor<Rgba32>(Configuration.Default).Decode(inputData, pixels, left, top, width, height);
                 });
         }
     }

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Tiff/PhotometricInterpretation/RgbTiffColorTests.cs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff.PhotometricInterpretation
         {
             AssertDecode(expectedResult, pixels =>
                 {
-                    new Rgb888TiffColor<Rgba32>().Decode(inputData, pixels, left, top, width, height);
+                    new Rgb888TiffColor<Rgba32>(Configuration.Default).Decode(inputData, pixels, left, top, width, height);
                 });
         }
     }

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Tiff/TiffDecoderTests.cs

@@ -82,6 +82,12 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
         public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_Uncompressed<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb888Planar6Strips, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb888Planar15Strips, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_Planar<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
+
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(Calliphora_PaletteUncompressed, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(PaletteDeflateMultistrip, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
@@ -105,49 +111,84 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
 
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(Flower2BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_2Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_2Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb222Contiguous, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb222Planar, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        [WithFile(Flower6BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_6Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(Flower6BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_6Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
+
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(Flower8BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_8Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_8Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(Flower10BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_10Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_10Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb444Contiguous, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb444Planar, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        [WithFile(Flower12BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_12Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(Flower12BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_12Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
+
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(Flower14BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_14Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_14Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
         [Theory]
+        [WithFile(Flower16BitGrayLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(Flower16BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_16Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+        [WithFile(Flower16BitGrayMinIsWhiteLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(Flower16BitGrayMinIsWhiteBigEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_16Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(Flower24BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(Flower24BitGrayLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_24Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            // Note: because the MagickReferenceDecoder fails to load the image, we only debug save them.
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+            image.DebugSave(provider);
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb101010Contiguous, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb101010Planar, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_30Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(Flower32BitGray, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(Flower32BitGrayLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(Flower32BitGrayMinIsWhite, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(Flower32BitGrayMinIsWhiteLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_32Bit_Gray<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            // Note: because the MagickReferenceDecoder fails to load the image, we only debug save them.
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+            image.DebugSave(provider);
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb121212Contiguous, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_36Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
@@ -161,11 +202,39 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
 
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb161616Contiguous, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb161616ContiguousLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(FlowerRgb161616Planar, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb161616PlanarLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(Issues1716Rgb161616BitLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_48Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffDecoder(provider);
 
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb242424Contiguous, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb242424ContiguousLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb242424Planar, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb242424PlanarLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_72Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            // Note: because the MagickReferenceDecoder fails to load the image, we only debug save them.
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+            image.DebugSave(provider);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb323232Contiguous, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb323232ContiguousLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb323232Planar, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(FlowerRgb323232PlanarLittleEndian, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffDecoder_CanDecode_96Bit<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            // Note: because the MagickReferenceDecoder fails to load the image, we only debug save them.
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+            image.DebugSave(provider);
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(GrayscaleDeflateMultistrip, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
         [WithFile(RgbDeflateMultistrip, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Tiff/TiffEncoderBaseTester.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System.IO;
+
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Constants;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Metadata.Profiles.Exif;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.TestUtilities.ImageComparison;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.TestUtilities.ReferenceCodecs;
+
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
+{
+    [Trait("Format", "Tiff")]
+    public abstract class TiffEncoderBaseTester
+    {
+        protected static readonly IImageDecoder ReferenceDecoder = new MagickReferenceDecoder();
+
+        protected static void TestStripLength<TPixel>(
+            TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider,
+            TiffPhotometricInterpretation photometricInterpretation,
+            TiffCompression compression,
+            bool useExactComparer = true,
+            float compareTolerance = 0.01f)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var tiffEncoder = new TiffEncoder() { PhotometricInterpretation = photometricInterpretation, Compression = compression };
+            using Image<TPixel> input = provider.GetImage();
+            using var memStream = new MemoryStream();
+            TiffFrameMetadata inputMeta = input.Frames.RootFrame.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata();
+            TiffCompression inputCompression = inputMeta.Compression ?? TiffCompression.None;
+
+            // act
+            input.Save(memStream, tiffEncoder);
+
+            // assert
+            memStream.Position = 0;
+            using var output = Image.Load<Rgba32>(memStream);
+            ExifProfile exifProfileOutput = output.Frames.RootFrame.Metadata.ExifProfile;
+            TiffFrameMetadata outputMeta = output.Frames.RootFrame.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata();
+            ImageFrame<Rgba32> rootFrame = output.Frames.RootFrame;
+
+            Number rowsPerStrip = exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.RowsPerStrip) != null ? exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.RowsPerStrip).Value : TiffConstants.RowsPerStripInfinity;
+            Assert.True(output.Height > (int)rowsPerStrip);
+            Assert.True(exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.StripOffsets)?.Value.Length > 1);
+            Number[] stripByteCounts = exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.StripByteCounts)?.Value;
+            Assert.NotNull(stripByteCounts);
+            Assert.True(stripByteCounts.Length > 1);
+            Assert.NotNull(outputMeta.BitsPerPixel);
+
+            foreach (Number sz in stripByteCounts)
+            {
+                Assert.True((uint)sz <= TiffConstants.DefaultStripSize);
+            }
+
+            // For uncompressed more accurate test.
+            if (compression == TiffCompression.None)
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < stripByteCounts.Length - 1; i++)
+                {
+                    // The difference must be less than one row.
+                    int stripBytes = (int)stripByteCounts[i];
+                    int widthBytes = ((int)outputMeta.BitsPerPixel + 7) / 8 * rootFrame.Width;
+
+                    Assert.True((TiffConstants.DefaultStripSize - stripBytes) < widthBytes);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Compare with reference.
+            TestTiffEncoderCore(
+               provider,
+               inputMeta.BitsPerPixel,
+               photometricInterpretation,
+               inputCompression,
+               useExactComparer: useExactComparer,
+               compareTolerance: compareTolerance);
+        }
+
+        protected static void TestTiffEncoderCore<TPixel>(
+            TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider,
+            TiffBitsPerPixel? bitsPerPixel,
+            TiffPhotometricInterpretation photometricInterpretation,
+            TiffCompression compression = TiffCompression.None,
+            TiffPredictor predictor = TiffPredictor.None,
+            bool useExactComparer = true,
+            float compareTolerance = 0.001f,
+            IImageDecoder imageDecoder = null)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+            var encoder = new TiffEncoder
+            {
+                PhotometricInterpretation = photometricInterpretation,
+                BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel,
+                Compression = compression,
+                HorizontalPredictor = predictor
+            };
+
+            // Does DebugSave & load reference CompareToReferenceInput():
+            image.VerifyEncoder(
+                provider,
+                "tiff",
+                bitsPerPixel,
+                encoder,
+                useExactComparer ? ImageComparer.Exact : ImageComparer.Tolerant(compareTolerance),
+                referenceDecoder: imageDecoder ?? ReferenceDecoder);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Tiff/TiffEncoderMultiframeTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Copyright (c) Six Labors.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+using System;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Constants;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.TestUtilities.ImageComparison;
+using Xunit;
+
+using static SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.TestImages.Tiff;
+
+namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
+{
+    [Trait("Format", "Tiff")]
+    public class TiffEncoderMultiframeTests : TiffEncoderBaseTester
+    {
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(MultiframeLzwPredictor, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffEncoder_EncodeMultiframe_Works<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffEncoderCore(provider, TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit24, TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb);
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(MultiframeDifferentSize, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        [WithFile(MultiframeDifferentVariants, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffEncoder_EncodeMultiframe_NotSupport<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => TestTiffEncoderCore(provider, TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit24, TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb));
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(MultiframeDeflateWithPreview, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffEncoder_EncodeMultiframe_WithPreview<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+        where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffEncoderCore(provider, TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit24, TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb);
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(TestImages.Gif.Receipt, PixelTypes.Rgb24)]
+        [WithFile(TestImages.Gif.Issues.BadDescriptorWidth, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffEncoder_EncodeMultiframe_Convert<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel> => TestTiffEncoderCore(provider, TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit48, TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb);
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(MultiframeLzwPredictor, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffEncoder_EncodeMultiframe_RemoveFrames<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+         where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+            Assert.True(image.Frames.Count > 1);
+
+            image.Frames.RemoveFrame(0);
+
+            TiffBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel = TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit24;
+            var encoder = new TiffEncoder
+            {
+                PhotometricInterpretation = TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb,
+                BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel,
+                Compression = TiffCompression.Deflate
+            };
+
+            image.VerifyEncoder(
+               provider,
+               "tiff",
+               bitsPerPixel,
+               encoder,
+               ImageComparer.Exact);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(TestImages.Png.Bike, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffEncoder_EncodeMultiframe_AddFrames<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+            Assert.Equal(1, image.Frames.Count);
+
+            using var image1 = new Image<Rgba32>(image.Width, image.Height, Color.Green.ToRgba32());
+
+            using var image2 = new Image<Rgba32>(image.Width, image.Height, Color.Yellow.ToRgba32());
+
+            image.Frames.AddFrame(image1.Frames.RootFrame);
+            image.Frames.AddFrame(image2.Frames.RootFrame);
+
+            TiffBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel = TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit24;
+            var encoder = new TiffEncoder
+            {
+                PhotometricInterpretation = TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb,
+                BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel,
+                Compression = TiffCompression.Deflate
+            };
+
+            using (var ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+            {
+                image.Save(ms, encoder);
+
+                ms.Position = 0;
+                using var output = Image.Load<Rgba32>(ms);
+
+                Assert.Equal(3, output.Frames.Count);
+
+                ImageFrame<Rgba32> frame1 = output.Frames[1];
+                ImageFrame<Rgba32> frame2 = output.Frames[2];
+
+                Assert.Equal(Color.Green.ToRgba32(), frame1[10, 10]);
+                Assert.Equal(Color.Yellow.ToRgba32(), frame2[10, 10]);
+
+                Assert.Equal(TiffCompression.Deflate, frame1.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().Compression);
+                Assert.Equal(TiffCompression.Deflate, frame1.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().Compression);
+
+                Assert.Equal(TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb, frame1.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().PhotometricInterpretation);
+                Assert.Equal(TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb, frame2.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().PhotometricInterpretation);
+            }
+
+            image.VerifyEncoder(
+                provider,
+                "tiff",
+                bitsPerPixel,
+                encoder,
+                ImageComparer.Exact);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithBlankImages(100, 100, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
+        public void TiffEncoder_EncodeMultiframe_Create<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
+        {
+            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
+
+            using var image0 = new Image<Rgba32>(image.Width, image.Height, Color.Red.ToRgba32());
+
+            using var image1 = new Image<Rgba32>(image.Width, image.Height, Color.Green.ToRgba32());
+
+            using var image2 = new Image<Rgba32>(image.Width, image.Height, Color.Yellow.ToRgba32());
+
+            image.Frames.AddFrame(image0.Frames.RootFrame);
+            image.Frames.AddFrame(image1.Frames.RootFrame);
+            image.Frames.AddFrame(image2.Frames.RootFrame);
+            image.Frames.RemoveFrame(0);
+
+            TiffBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel = TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit8;
+            var encoder = new TiffEncoder
+            {
+                PhotometricInterpretation = TiffPhotometricInterpretation.PaletteColor,
+                BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel,
+                Compression = TiffCompression.Lzw
+            };
+
+            using (var ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
+            {
+                image.Save(ms, encoder);
+
+                ms.Position = 0;
+                using var output = Image.Load<Rgba32>(ms);
+
+                Assert.Equal(3, output.Frames.Count);
+
+                ImageFrame<Rgba32> frame0 = output.Frames[0];
+                ImageFrame<Rgba32> frame1 = output.Frames[1];
+                ImageFrame<Rgba32> frame2 = output.Frames[2];
+
+                Assert.Equal(Color.Red.ToRgba32(), frame0[10, 10]);
+                Assert.Equal(Color.Green.ToRgba32(), frame1[10, 10]);
+                Assert.Equal(Color.Yellow.ToRgba32(), frame2[10, 10]);
+
+                Assert.Equal(TiffCompression.Lzw, frame0.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().Compression);
+                Assert.Equal(TiffCompression.Lzw, frame1.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().Compression);
+                Assert.Equal(TiffCompression.Lzw, frame1.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().Compression);
+
+                Assert.Equal(TiffPhotometricInterpretation.PaletteColor, frame0.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().PhotometricInterpretation);
+                Assert.Equal(TiffPhotometricInterpretation.PaletteColor, frame1.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().PhotometricInterpretation);
+                Assert.Equal(TiffPhotometricInterpretation.PaletteColor, frame2.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata().PhotometricInterpretation);
+            }
+
+            image.VerifyEncoder(
+                provider,
+                "tiff",
+                bitsPerPixel,
+                encoder,
+                ImageComparer.Exact);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Tiff/TiffEncoderTests.cs

@@ -2,14 +2,9 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.
 
 using System.IO;
-
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Tiff.Constants;
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Metadata.Profiles.Exif;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.TestUtilities.ImageComparison;
-using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.TestUtilities.ReferenceCodecs;
 
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -19,10 +14,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
 {
     [Collection("RunSerial")]
     [Trait("Format", "Tiff")]
-    public class TiffEncoderTests
+    public class TiffEncoderTests : TiffEncoderBaseTester
     {
-        private static readonly IImageDecoder ReferenceDecoder = new MagickReferenceDecoder();
-
         [Theory]
         [InlineData(null, TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit24)]
         [InlineData(TiffPhotometricInterpretation.Rgb, TiffBitsPerPixel.Bit24)]
@@ -451,96 +444,5 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
             var encoder = new TiffEncoder { PhotometricInterpretation = photometricInterpretation };
             image.DebugSave(provider, encoder);
         }
-
-        private static void TestStripLength<TPixel>(
-            TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider,
-            TiffPhotometricInterpretation photometricInterpretation,
-            TiffCompression compression,
-            bool useExactComparer = true,
-            float compareTolerance = 0.01f)
-            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
-        {
-            // arrange
-            var tiffEncoder = new TiffEncoder() { PhotometricInterpretation = photometricInterpretation, Compression = compression };
-            using Image<TPixel> input = provider.GetImage();
-            using var memStream = new MemoryStream();
-            TiffFrameMetadata inputMeta = input.Frames.RootFrame.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata();
-            TiffCompression inputCompression = inputMeta.Compression ?? TiffCompression.None;
-
-            // act
-            input.Save(memStream, tiffEncoder);
-
-            // assert
-            memStream.Position = 0;
-            using var output = Image.Load<Rgba32>(memStream);
-            ExifProfile exifProfileOutput = output.Frames.RootFrame.Metadata.ExifProfile;
-            TiffFrameMetadata outputMeta = output.Frames.RootFrame.Metadata.GetTiffMetadata();
-            ImageFrame<Rgba32> rootFrame = output.Frames.RootFrame;
-
-            Number rowsPerStrip = exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.RowsPerStrip) != null ? exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.RowsPerStrip).Value : TiffConstants.RowsPerStripInfinity;
-            Assert.True(output.Height > (int)rowsPerStrip);
-            Assert.True(exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.StripOffsets)?.Value.Length > 1);
-            Number[] stripByteCounts = exifProfileOutput.GetValue(ExifTag.StripByteCounts)?.Value;
-            Assert.NotNull(stripByteCounts);
-            Assert.True(stripByteCounts.Length > 1);
-            Assert.NotNull(outputMeta.BitsPerPixel);
-
-            foreach (Number sz in stripByteCounts)
-            {
-                Assert.True((uint)sz <= TiffConstants.DefaultStripSize);
-            }
-
-            // For uncompressed more accurate test.
-            if (compression == TiffCompression.None)
-            {
-                for (int i = 0; i < stripByteCounts.Length - 1; i++)
-                {
-                    // The difference must be less than one row.
-                    int stripBytes = (int)stripByteCounts[i];
-                    int widthBytes = ((int)outputMeta.BitsPerPixel + 7) / 8 * rootFrame.Width;
-
-                    Assert.True((TiffConstants.DefaultStripSize - stripBytes) < widthBytes);
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Compare with reference.
-            TestTiffEncoderCore(
-               provider,
-               inputMeta.BitsPerPixel,
-               photometricInterpretation,
-               inputCompression,
-               useExactComparer: useExactComparer,
-               compareTolerance: compareTolerance);
-        }
-
-        private static void TestTiffEncoderCore<TPixel>(
-            TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider,
-            TiffBitsPerPixel? bitsPerPixel,
-            TiffPhotometricInterpretation photometricInterpretation,
-            TiffCompression compression = TiffCompression.None,
-            TiffPredictor predictor = TiffPredictor.None,
-            bool useExactComparer = true,
-            float compareTolerance = 0.001f,
-            IImageDecoder imageDecoder = null)
-            where TPixel : unmanaged, IPixel<TPixel>
-        {
-            using Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage();
-            var encoder = new TiffEncoder
-            {
-                PhotometricInterpretation = photometricInterpretation,
-                BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel,
-                Compression = compression,
-                HorizontalPredictor = predictor
-            };
-
-            // Does DebugSave & load reference CompareToReferenceInput():
-            image.VerifyEncoder(
-                provider,
-                "tiff",
-                bitsPerPixel,
-                encoder,
-                useExactComparer ? ImageComparer.Exact : ImageComparer.Tolerant(compareTolerance),
-                referenceDecoder: imageDecoder ?? ReferenceDecoder);
-        }
     }
 }

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Tiff/TiffMetadataTests.cs

@@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Formats.Tiff
             PixelResolutionUnit resolutionUnitInput = UnitConverter.ExifProfileToResolutionUnit(exifProfileInput);
             PixelResolutionUnit resolutionUnitEncoded = UnitConverter.ExifProfileToResolutionUnit(encodedImageExifProfile);
             Assert.Equal(resolutionUnitInput, resolutionUnitEncoded);
-            Assert.Equal(exifProfileInput.GetValue(ExifTag.XResolution), encodedImageExifProfile.GetValue(ExifTag.XResolution));
+            Assert.Equal(exifProfileInput.GetValue(ExifTag.XResolution).Value.ToDouble(), encodedImageExifProfile.GetValue(ExifTag.XResolution).Value.ToDouble());
-            Assert.Equal(exifProfileInput.GetValue(ExifTag.YResolution), encodedImageExifProfile.GetValue(ExifTag.YResolution));
+            Assert.Equal(exifProfileInput.GetValue(ExifTag.YResolution).Value.ToDouble(), encodedImageExifProfile.GetValue(ExifTag.YResolution).Value.ToDouble());
 
             Assert.Equal(xmpProfileInput, encodedImageXmpProfile);
 

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Processing/Processors/Dithering/DitherTests.cs

@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Processing.Processors.Dithering
                 { KnownDitherings.Ordered3x3, nameof(KnownDitherings.Ordered3x3) }
             };
 
+        public static readonly TheoryData<IDither> DefaultInstanceDitherers
+            = new TheoryData<IDither>
+            {
+                default(ErrorDither),
+                default(OrderedDither)
+            };
+
         private static readonly ImageComparer ValidatorComparer = ImageComparer.TolerantPercentage(0.05f);
 
         private static IDither DefaultDitherer => KnownDitherings.Bayer4x4;
@@ -175,5 +182,18 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Processing.Processors.Dithering
                 c => c.Dither(dither),
                 name);
         }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(DefaultInstanceDitherers))]
+        public void ShouldThrowForDefaultDitherInstance(IDither dither)
+        {
+            void Command()
+            {
+                using var image = new Image<Rgba32>(10, 10);
+                image.Mutate(x => x.Dither(dither));
+            }
+
+            Assert.Throws<ImageProcessingException>(Command);
+        }
     }
 }

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Processing/Processors/Quantization/QuantizerTests.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System;
 
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.PixelFormats;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing;
+using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Dithering;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing.Processors.Quantization;
 using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.TestUtilities.ImageComparison;
 using Xunit;
@@ -152,6 +153,13 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Processing.Processors.Quantization
             new WuQuantizer(OrderedDitherOptions),
         };
 
+        public static readonly TheoryData<IDither> DefaultInstanceDitherers
+            = new TheoryData<IDither>
+            {
+                default(ErrorDither),
+                default(OrderedDither)
+            };
+
         private static readonly ImageComparer ValidatorComparer = ImageComparer.TolerantPercentage(0.05F);
 
         [Theory]
@@ -217,5 +225,20 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests.Processing.Processors.Quantization
                 testOutputDetails: testOutputDetails,
                 appendPixelTypeToFileName: false);
         }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(DefaultInstanceDitherers))]
+        public void ShouldThrowForDefaultDitherInstance(IDither dither)
+        {
+            void Command()
+            {
+                using var image = new Image<Rgba32>(10, 10);
+                var quantizer = new WebSafePaletteQuantizer();
+                quantizer.Options.Dither = dither;
+                image.Mutate(x => x.Quantize(quantizer));
+            }
+
+            Assert.Throws<ImageProcessingException>(Command);
+        }
     }
 }

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/TestImages.cs

@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
                 public const string Fb = "Jpg/progressive/fb.jpg";
                 public const string Progress = "Jpg/progressive/progress.jpg";
                 public const string Festzug = "Jpg/progressive/Festzug.jpg";
+                public const string Winter = "Jpg/progressive/winter.jpg";
 
                 public static class Bad
                 {
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
                 public const string Iptc = "Jpg/baseline/iptc.jpg";
                 public const string App13WithEmptyIptc = "Jpg/baseline/iptc-psAPP13-wIPTCempty.jpg";
                 public const string HistogramEqImage = "Jpg/baseline/640px-Unequalized_Hawkes_Bay_NZ.jpg";
+                public const string ForestBridgeDifferentComponentsQuality = "Jpg/baseline/forest_bridge.jpg";
 
                 public static readonly string[] All =
                 {
@@ -752,8 +754,18 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
             public const string RgbPalette = "Tiff/rgb_palette.tiff";
             public const string Rgb4BitPalette = "Tiff/bike_colorpalette_4bit.tiff";
             public const string RgbPaletteDeflate = "Tiff/rgb_palette_deflate.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb323232Contiguous = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-32.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb323232ContiguousLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-32_lsb.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb323232Planar = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-32.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb323232PlanarLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-32_lsb.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb242424Planar = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-24.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb242424PlanarLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-24_lsb.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb242424Contiguous = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-24.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb242424ContiguousLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-24_lsb.tiff";
             public const string FlowerRgb161616Contiguous = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-16.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb161616ContiguousLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-16_lsb.tiff";
             public const string FlowerRgb161616Planar = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-16.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb161616PlanarLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-16_lsb.tiff";
             public const string FlowerRgb141414Contiguous = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-14.tiff";
             public const string FlowerRgb141414Planar = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-14.tiff";
             public const string FlowerRgb101010Contiguous = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-10.tiff";
@@ -763,6 +775,8 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
             public const string FlowerRgb444Planar = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-04.tiff";
             public const string FlowerRgb222Contiguous = "Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-02.tiff";
             public const string FlowerRgb222Planar = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-02.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb888Planar6Strips = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-08-6strips.tiff";
+            public const string FlowerRgb888Planar15Strips = "Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-08-15strips.tiff";
             public const string Flower2BitGray = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-02.tiff";
             public const string Flower2BitPalette = "Tiff/flower-palette-02.tiff";
             public const string Flower4BitPalette = "Tiff/flower-palette-04.tiff";
@@ -773,6 +787,16 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
             public const string Flower12BitGray = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-12.tiff";
             public const string Flower14BitGray = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-14.tiff";
             public const string Flower16BitGray = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-16.tiff";
+            public const string Flower16BitGrayLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-16_lsb.tiff";
+            public const string Flower16BitGrayMinIsWhiteLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-miniswhite-16_lsb.tiff";
+            public const string Flower16BitGrayMinIsWhiteBigEndian = "Tiff/flower-miniswhite-16.tiff";
+            public const string Flower24BitGray = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-24.tiff";
+            public const string Flower24BitGrayLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-24_lsb.tiff";
+            public const string Flower32BitGray = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-32.tiff";
+            public const string Flower32BitGrayLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-minisblack-32_lsb.tiff";
+            public const string Flower32BitGrayMinIsWhite = "Tiff/flower-miniswhite-32.tiff";
+            public const string Flower32BitGrayMinIsWhiteLittleEndian = "Tiff/flower-miniswhite-32_lsb.tiff";
+
             public const string Issues1716Rgb161616BitLittleEndian = "Tiff/Issues/Issue1716.tiff";
 
             public const string SmallRgbDeflate = "Tiff/rgb_small_deflate.tiff";

tests/Images/Input/Jpg/baseline/forest_bridge.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:56b3db3d0e146ee7fe27f8fbda4bccc1483e18104bfc747cac75a2ec03d65647
+size 1936782

tests/Images/Input/Jpg/progressive/winter.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d377b70cedfb9d25f1ae0244dcf2edb000540aa4a8925cce57f810f7efd0dc84
+size 234976

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-minisblack-16_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c3806304a5453a6ec8a6795bc77b967b9aa8593288af36bbf9802f22ee27869e
+size 6588

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-minisblack-24.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6b5a96942ee27a2b25d3cbb8bdd05239be71f84acc4d63c95380841a8a67befd
+size 9770

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-minisblack-24_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:fe2d4e0d99bdfade966e27bd9583bce39bebb90efa8e7f768ce3cec69aa306e2
+size 9770

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-minisblack-32.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:6677c372a449fe0324b148385cf0ebaaf33ab4563484ae89831dfeacd80d7c93
+size 12885

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-minisblack-32_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:e37a4455e6b61e32720af99127b82aacdc907be91b8ed1d8e1a1f06d6a853211
+size 12885

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-miniswhite-16.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d8f2c2afd8f1645717087bd2edbc3e8a46b88a54a4996c0e9350fdd652b5c382
+size 6588

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-miniswhite-16_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:435c92b453587e1943940111b66afabf70307beb0e1d65e9701fd9bb753eead2
+size 6588

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-miniswhite-32.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:514417ead3d6c5c6ca33374ef0bb6ecbe5f875a266519d4cbaa4a6b91033d243
+size 12778

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-miniswhite-32_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:64c948aa03bc4a24cd1d68bb18b5031c119936154a90f1cb1d9aaabd854c5d9b
+size 12778

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-16_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0951a9c2207eb6864b6a19ec8513a28a874adddb37c3c06b9fd07831372924e3
+size 19150

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-24.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:c6368a704b0a629239024f6fbfb30723fa317593ef36ddba05d76302530bd974
+size 28568

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-24_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:bbb2b4ca6d7eeee4737c6963c99ef68fb6971cf6ccee463427a8246574bc6440
+size 28632

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-32.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:d7b9da8ec44da84fc89aed1ad221a5eb130a1f233a1ff8a4a15b41898a0e364f
+size 38027

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-contig-32_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:0876580f9c5d8e13656210582137104daba137c99d55eafb5ebbfa418efa6525
+size 38027

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-08-15strips.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a49cf47fdf2ea43e5cb5a473523e50222fb13ff6a66bda2e4bdd5796f66140d8
+size 9770

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-08-6strips.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a49cf47fdf2ea43e5cb5a473523e50222fb13ff6a66bda2e4bdd5796f66140d8
+size 9770

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-16_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:46a60552a7ff37f2c16c43e030e7180872af712f5d9c9c7673e2547049af3da9
+size 19168

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-24.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:752452ac51ad1e836fb81267ab708ff81cf81a4c7e00daeed703f67782b563ec
+size 28586

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-24_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:72f27af4fe177ebe47bef2af64723497d5a5f44808424bedfc2012fe4e3fc34e
+size 28586

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-32.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:a718ae37d6d7a5bb5702cc75350f6feec3e9cdcd7e22aaa4753c7fe9c2db9aae
+size 38035

tests/Images/Input/Tiff/flower-rgb-planar-32_lsb.tiff

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:2241683d74e9a52c5077870731e7bd5a7e7558c2a04fd0edf57da3a583044442
+size 38035