Bitmap encoder writes V3 header as default (#889)

* Bitmap encoder will now write a V3 header as default.

Introduces a new encoder option `SupportTransparency`: With this option a V4 header will be written with BITFIELDS compression.

* Add 4 and 16 bit images to the Identify test

* Add some useful links for bitmap documentation

* Add 32 bpp images to the Identify test

* Added further information on what will change for the encoder, if SupportTransparency is used.

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Bmp/BmpEncoder.cs

@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
         /// </summary>
         public BmpBitsPerPixel? BitsPerPixel { get; set; }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the encoder should support transparency.
+        /// Note: Transparency support only works together with 32 bits per pixel. This option will
+        /// change the default behavior of the encoder of writing a bitmap version 3 info header with no compression.
+        /// Instead a bitmap version 4 info header will be written with the BITFIELDS compression.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool SupportTransparency { get; set; }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public void Encode<TPixel>(Image<TPixel> image, Stream stream)
             where TPixel : struct, IPixel<TPixel>

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Bmp/BmpEncoderCore.cs

@@ -24,22 +24,22 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
         private int padding;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// The mask for the alpha channel of the color for a 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
+        /// The mask for the alpha channel of the color for 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
         /// </summary>
         private const int Rgba32AlphaMask = 0xFF << 24;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// The mask for the red part of the color for a 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
+        /// The mask for the red part of the color for 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
         /// </summary>
         private const int Rgba32RedMask = 0xFF << 16;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// The mask for the green part of the color for a 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
+        /// The mask for the green part of the color for 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
         /// </summary>
         private const int Rgba32GreenMask = 0xFF << 8;
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// The mask for the blue part of the color for a 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
+        /// The mask for the blue part of the color for 32 bit rgba bitmaps.
         /// </summary>
         private const int Rgba32BlueMask = 0xFF;
 
@@ -49,15 +49,23 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
 
         private BmpBitsPerPixel? bitsPerPixel;
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A bitmap v4 header will only be written, if the user explicitly wants support for transparency.
+        /// In this case the compression type BITFIELDS will be used.
+        /// Otherwise a bitmap v3 header will be written, which is supported by almost all decoders.
+        /// </summary>
+        private readonly bool writeV4Header;
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="BmpEncoderCore"/> class.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="options">The encoder options</param>
-        /// <param name="memoryAllocator">The memory manager</param>
+        /// <param name="options">The encoder options.</param>
+        /// <param name="memoryAllocator">The memory manager.</param>
         public BmpEncoderCore(IBmpEncoderOptions options, MemoryAllocator memoryAllocator)
         {
             this.memoryAllocator = memoryAllocator;
             this.bitsPerPixel = options.BitsPerPixel;
+            this.writeV4Header = options.SupportTransparency;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -112,7 +120,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
                 }
             }
 
-            int infoHeaderSize = BmpInfoHeader.SizeV4;
+            int infoHeaderSize = this.writeV4Header ? BmpInfoHeader.SizeV4 : BmpInfoHeader.SizeV3;
             var infoHeader = new BmpInfoHeader(
                 headerSize: infoHeaderSize,
                 height: image.Height,
@@ -123,17 +131,15 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
                 clrUsed: 0,
                 clrImportant: 0,
                 xPelsPerMeter: hResolution,
-                yPelsPerMeter: vResolution)
-            {
-                RedMask = Rgba32RedMask,
-                GreenMask = Rgba32GreenMask,
-                BlueMask = Rgba32BlueMask,
-                Compression = BmpCompression.BitFields
-            };
+                yPelsPerMeter: vResolution);
 
-            if (this.bitsPerPixel == BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)
+            if (this.writeV4Header && this.bitsPerPixel == BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)
             {
                 infoHeader.AlphaMask = Rgba32AlphaMask;
+                infoHeader.RedMask = Rgba32RedMask;
+                infoHeader.GreenMask = Rgba32GreenMask;
+                infoHeader.BlueMask = Rgba32BlueMask;
+                infoHeader.Compression = BmpCompression.BitFields;
             }
 
             var fileHeader = new BmpFileHeader(
@@ -151,7 +157,14 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
 
             stream.Write(buffer, 0, BmpFileHeader.Size);
 
-            infoHeader.WriteV4Header(buffer);
+            if (this.writeV4Header)
+            {
+                infoHeader.WriteV4Header(buffer);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                infoHeader.WriteV3Header(buffer);
+            }
 
             stream.Write(buffer, 0, infoHeaderSize);
 

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Bmp/IBmpEncoderOptions.cs

@@ -6,12 +6,20 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Formats.Bmp
     /// <summary>
     /// Configuration options for use during bmp encoding
     /// </summary>
-    /// <remarks>The encoder can currently only write 24-bit rgb images to streams.</remarks>
+    /// <remarks>The encoder can currently only write 24-bit and 32-bit rgb images to streams.</remarks>
     internal interface IBmpEncoderOptions
     {
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the number of bits per pixel.
         /// </summary>
         BmpBitsPerPixel? BitsPerPixel { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the encoder should support transparency.
+        /// Note: Transparency support only works together with 32 bits per pixel. This option will
+        /// change the default behavior of the encoder of writing a bitmap version 3 info header with no compression.
+        /// Instead a bitmap version 4 info header will be written with the BITFIELDS compression.
+        /// </summary>
+        bool SupportTransparency { get; }
     }
 }

src/ImageSharp/Formats/Bmp/README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
-Encoder/Decoder adapted from:
+### Encoder/Decoder adapted from:
 
-https://github.com/yufeih/Nine.Imaging/
-https://imagetools.codeplex.com/
+- [Nine.Imaging](https://github.com/yufeih/Nine.Imaging/)
+- [imagetools.codeplex](https://imagetools.codeplex.com/)
 
-TODO:
+### Some useful links for documentation about the bitmap format:
 
-- Add support for all bitmap formats.
+- [Microsoft Windows Bitmap File](http://www.fileformat.info/format/bmp/egff.htm)
+- [OS/2 Bitmap File Format Summary](http://www.fileformat.info/format/os2bmp/egff.htm)
+- [The DIB File Format](https://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~heha/viewchm.php/hs/petzold.chm/petzoldi/ch15b.htm)
+- [Dr.Dobbs: The BMP File Format, Part 1](http://www.drdobbs.com/architecture-and-design/the-bmp-file-format-part-1/184409517)
+- [Windows Bitmap File Format Specifications](ftp://ftp.nada.kth.se/pub/hacks/sgi/src/libwmf/doc/Bmpfrmat.html)
+
+### A set of bitmap test images:
+
+- [bmpsuite](http://entropymine.com/jason/bmpsuite/bmpsuite/html/bmpsuite.html)
+- [eclecticgeek](http://eclecticgeek.com/dompdf/core_tests/image_bmp.html)

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Bmp/BmpDecoderTests.cs

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
 
         [Theory]
         [WithFile(LessThanFullSizedPalette, PixelTypes.Rgba32)]
-        public void BmpDecoder_CanDecodeLessThanFullPalete<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
+        public void BmpDecoder_CanDecodeLessThanFullPalette<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider)
             where TPixel : struct, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
             using (Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage(new BmpDecoder()))
@@ -213,11 +213,16 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
         }
 
         [Theory]
+        [InlineData(Bit32Rgb, 32)]
+        [InlineData(Bit32Rgba, 32)]
         [InlineData(Car, 24)]
         [InlineData(F, 24)]
         [InlineData(NegHeight, 24)]
+        [InlineData(Bit16, 16)]
+        [InlineData(Bit16Inverted, 16)]
         [InlineData(Bit8, 8)]
         [InlineData(Bit8Inverted, 8)]
+        [InlineData(Bit4, 4)]
         public void Identify(string imagePath, int expectedPixelSize)
         {
             var testFile = TestFile.Create(imagePath);

tests/ImageSharp.Tests/Formats/Bmp/BmpEncoderTests.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ using Xunit.Abstractions;
 
 namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
 {
+    using static TestImages.Bmp;
+
     public class BmpEncoderTests : FileTestBase
     {
         public static readonly TheoryData<BmpBitsPerPixel> BitsPerPixel =
@@ -102,15 +104,43 @@ namespace SixLabors.ImageSharp.Tests
         public void Encode_WorksWithDifferentSizes<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider, BmpBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel)
             where TPixel : struct, IPixel<TPixel> => TestBmpEncoderCore(provider, bitsPerPixel);
 
-        private static void TestBmpEncoderCore<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider, BmpBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel)
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(Bit32Rgb, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        [WithFile(Bit32Rgba, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        [WithFile(WinBmpv4, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        [WithFile(WinBmpv5, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        // WinBmpv3 is a 24 bits per pixel image
+        [WithFile(WinBmpv3, PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel24)]
+        public void Encode_WithV3Header_Works<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider, BmpBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel)
+            // if supportTransparency is false, a v3 bitmap header will be written
+            where TPixel : struct, IPixel<TPixel> => TestBmpEncoderCore(provider, bitsPerPixel, supportTransparency: false);
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(Bit32Rgb, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        [WithFile(Bit32Rgba, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        [WithFile(WinBmpv4, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        [WithFile(WinBmpv5, PixelTypes.Rgba32 | PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        [WithFile(WinBmpv3, PixelTypes.Rgb24, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel24)]
+        public void Encode_WithV4Header_Works<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider, BmpBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel)
+            where TPixel : struct, IPixel<TPixel> => TestBmpEncoderCore(provider, bitsPerPixel, supportTransparency: true);
+
+        [Theory]
+        [WithFile(TestImages.Png.GrayAlpha2BitInterlaced, PixelTypes.Rgba32, BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel32)]
+        public void Encode_PreservesAlpha<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider, BmpBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel)
+            where TPixel : struct, IPixel<TPixel> => TestBmpEncoderCore(provider, bitsPerPixel, supportTransparency: true);
+
+        private static void TestBmpEncoderCore<TPixel>(TestImageProvider<TPixel> provider, BmpBitsPerPixel bitsPerPixel, bool supportTransparency = true)
             where TPixel : struct, IPixel<TPixel>
         {
             using (Image<TPixel> image = provider.GetImage())
             {
-                // there is no alpha in bmp!
-                image.Mutate(c => c.MakeOpaque());
+                // There is no alpha in bmp with 24 bits per pixels, so the reference image will be made opaque.
+                if (bitsPerPixel == BmpBitsPerPixel.Pixel24)
+                {
+                    image.Mutate(c => c.MakeOpaque());
+                }
 
-                var encoder = new BmpEncoder { BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel };
+                var encoder = new BmpEncoder { BitsPerPixel = bitsPerPixel, SupportTransparency = supportTransparency };
 
                 // Does DebugSave & load reference CompareToReferenceInput():
                 image.VerifyEncoder(provider, "bmp", bitsPerPixel, encoder);