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# ABP Documentation |
# 领域服务 |
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## 介绍 |
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在 [领域驱动设计](Domain-Driven-Design.md) (DDD) 解决方案中,核心业务逻辑通常在聚合 ([实体](Entities.md)) 和领域服务中实现. 在以下情况下特别需要创建领域服务 |
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* 你实现了依赖于某些服务(如存储库或其他外部服务)的核心域逻辑. |
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* 你需要实现的逻辑与多个聚合/实体相关,因此它不适合任何聚合. |
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## ABP 领域服务基础设施 |
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领域服务是简单的无状态类. 虽然你不必从任何服务或接口派生,但 ABP 框架提供了一些有用的基类和约定. |
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### DomainService 和 IDomainService |
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从 `DomainService` 基类派生领域服务或直接实现 `IDomainService` 接口. |
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**示例: 创建从 `DomainService` 基类派生的领域服务.** |
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````csharp |
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using Volo.Abp.Domain.Services; |
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namespace MyProject.Issues |
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{ |
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public class IssueManager : DomainService |
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{ |
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} |
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} |
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```` |
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当你这样做时: |
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* ABP 框架自动将类注册为瞬态生命周期到依赖注入系统. |
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* 你可以直接使用一些常用服务作为基础属性,而无需手动注入 (例如 [ILogger](Logging.md) and [IGuidGenerator](Guid-Generation.md)). |
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> 建议使用 `Manager` 或 `Service` 后缀命名领域服务. 我们通常使用如上面示例中的 `Manager` 后缀. |
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**示例: 实现将问题分配给用户的领域逻辑** |
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````csharp |
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public class IssueManager : DomainService |
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{ |
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private readonly IRepository<Issue, Guid> _issueRepository; |
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public IssueManager(IRepository<Issue, Guid> issueRepository) |
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{ |
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_issueRepository = issueRepository; |
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} |
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public async Task AssignAsync(Issue issue, AppUser user) |
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{ |
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var currentIssueCount = await _issueRepository |
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.CountAsync(i => i.AssignedUserId == user.Id); |
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//Implementing a core business validation |
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if (currentIssueCount >= 3) |
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{ |
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throw new IssueAssignmentException(user.UserName); |
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} |
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issue.AssignedUserId = user.Id; |
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} |
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} |
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```` |
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问题是定义如下所示的 [聚合根](Entities.md): |
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````csharp |
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public class Issue : AggregateRoot<Guid> |
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{ |
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public Guid? AssignedUserId { get; internal set; } |
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//... |
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} |
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```` |
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* 使用 `internal` 的 set 确保外层调用者不能直接在调用 set ,并强制始终使用 `IssueManager` 为 `User` 分配 `Issue`. |
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### 使用领域服务 |
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领域服务通常用于 [应用程序服务](Application-Services.md). |
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**示例: 使用 `IssueManager` 将问题分配给用户** |
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````csharp |
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using System; |
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using System.Threading.Tasks; |
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using MyProject.Users; |
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using Volo.Abp.Application.Services; |
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using Volo.Abp.Domain.Repositories; |
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namespace MyProject.Issues |
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{ |
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public class IssueAppService : ApplicationService, IIssueAppService |
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{ |
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private readonly IssueManager _issueManager; |
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private readonly IRepository<AppUser, Guid> _userRepository; |
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private readonly IRepository<Issue, Guid> _issueRepository; |
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public IssueAppService( |
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IssueManager issueManager, |
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IRepository<AppUser, Guid> userRepository, |
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IRepository<Issue, Guid> issueRepository) |
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{ |
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_issueManager = issueManager; |
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_userRepository = userRepository; |
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_issueRepository = issueRepository; |
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} |
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public async Task AssignAsync(Guid id, Guid userId) |
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{ |
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var issue = await _issueRepository.GetAsync(id); |
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var user = await _userRepository.GetAsync(userId); |
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await _issueManager.AssignAsync(issue, user); |
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await _issueRepository.UpdateAsync(issue); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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```` |
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由于 `IssueAppService` 在应用层, 它不能直接将问题分配给用户.因此,它使用 `IssueManager`. |
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## 应用程序服务与领域服务 |
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虽然应用服务和领域服务都实现了业务规则,但存在根本的逻辑和形式差异; |
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虽然 [应用服务](Application-Services.md) 和领域服务都实现了业务规则,但存在根本的逻辑和形式差异: |
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* 应用程序服务实现应用程序的 **用例** (典型 Web 应用程序中的用户交互), 而领域服务实现 **核心的、用例独立的领域逻辑**. |
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* 应用程序服务获取/返回 [数据传输对象](Data-Transfer-Objects.md), 领域服务方法通常获取和返回 **领域对象** ([实体](Entities.md), [值对象](Value-Objects.md)). |
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* 领域服务通常由应用程序服务或其他领域服务使用,而应用程序服务由表示层或客户端应用程序使用. |
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## 生命周期 |
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领域服务的生命周期是 [瞬态](https://docs.abp.io/en/abp/latest/Dependency-Injection) 的,它们会自动注册到依赖注入服务. |
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