Merge pull request #14737 from abpframework/EngincanV/community-article

New community article: "What's new with .NET 7 ?"

docs/en/Community-Articles/2022-18-11-whats-new-with-net7/POST.md

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+# What's new with .NET 7?
+
+In this article, I will highlight a few interesting features that are now available with the release of C# 11 and .NET 7.
+
+> If you are considering using ABP 7.0, you should update your projects to .NET 7. There is a good community article you might want to check out 👉 "[Upgrade Your Existing Projects to .NET7](https://community.abp.io/posts/upgrade-your-existing-projects-to-.net7-nmx6vm9m)".
+
+There are many new features coming with this release. We are going to examine new features within 4 sub-sections: ASP.NET Core, C#11, EF 7 and MAUI. Let's start with ASP.NET Core.
+
+## ASP.NET Core
+
+We will see the following features in this section:
+
+* Rate Limiting
+* Output Caching
+* Built-in HTTP/3 Support
+* gRPC - JSON Transcoding
+* Blazor
+    * Custom Elements
+    * Improvements on JavaScript Interop for WASM
+
+### Rate Limiting
+
+Rate limiting is a way to limit request frequency for a limited time. Before .NET 7 we didn’t have built-in support so we would need to implement it ourselves, use some NuGet packages around or let the CDN provider do this on server level on behalf of us (like Cloudflare).
+
+With .NET 7, built-in Rate Limiting support has been added and we can easily define rate-limiting policies and attach them to our endpoints.
+
+*Defining rate-limiting policy and registering the required services to the DI container*:
+
+![](rate-limiting-1.png)
+
+*Adding the middleware to the request pipeline and using the defined policy*:
+
+![](rate-limiting-2.png)
+
+### Output Caching
+
+Output Caching is a new middleware that provides a caching mechanism and allows you to store results from your web application and serve them from a cache rather than computing them every time. This improves performance and frees up resources for other tasks.
+
+It’s pretty straightforward to use output caching in minimal APIs. 
+You just need to create an endpoint and use the `CacheOutput` method with an expiration time. Then when someone sends a request to your endpoint, it will be cached for a specified time and not calculate the result every time.
+
+For the following example, the result will be the same for 10 minutes:
+
+```csharp
+app.MapGet("/cached-output", () => $"Minute: {DateTime.Now.Minute}")
+    .CacheOutput(options => 
+    {
+        output.Expire(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10));
+    });
+```
+
+### Built-in HTTP/3 Support
+
+In .NET 6, HTTP/3 was introduced for experimental purposes and now with .NET 7 it’s fully supported. But it's not enabled by default, it's understandable since it's still new and only %20 of the applications currently use it, on the other hand, HTTP/2 is used by almost every application.
+
+To enable the HTTP/3 support, we need to configure it in our **Program.cs** file:
+
+```csharp
+var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
+
+builder.WebHost.ConfigureKestrel((context, options) =>
+{
+    options.ListenAnyIP(5001, listenOptions =>
+    {
+        listenOptions.Protocols = HttpProtocols.Http1AndHttp2AndHttp3;
+        listenOptions.UseHttps();
+    });
+});
+```
+
+### gRPC - JSON Transcoding
+
+gRPC is a high-performance RPC framework and uses HTTP/2 and Protobuf. Despite the benefits that gRPC brings, REST APIs have an important place in modern web applications.
+
+gRPC - JSON Transcoding is an extension for ASP.NET Core that creates RESTful JSON APIs for gRPC services.
+
+![](json-transcoding.png)
+
+It's a really good feature and allows us to expose our gRPC services as REST APIs. It's worth checking out 👉 [JSON Transcoding](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/grpc/json-transcoding?view=aspnetcore-7.0).
+
+### Blazor
+
+We are going to cover two new features for Blazor:
+
+* Custom Elements
+* Improvements on JavaScript Interop for WASM
+
+#### Custom Elements
+
+Blazor Custom Elements provide a way to dynamically render Razor Components from other SPA frameworks/libraries such as Angular and React.
+
+To be able to use custom elements, there are two steps that need to be done:
+
+**1-) Registering a Razor Component as a Custom Element:**
+
+```csharp
+builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor(options => 
+{
+    options.RootComponents.RegisterCustomElement<Counter>("my-counter");
+});
+```
+
+**2-)Using the Custom Element**
+
+```html
+<my-counter increment-amount={incrementAmount} />
+```
+
+#### Improvements on JavaScript Interop for WASM
+
+JavaScript `[JsImport]` / `[JsExport]` interop API released with .NET 7.
+
+* To import a JS function to call it from C# -> `[JsImport]`
+* To export a .NET method so that it can be called from JavaScript -> `[JsExport]` attributes should be used.
+
+## C# 11
+
+There are great features that came with C# 11. In this article, we are going to only cover the following ones:
+
+* Required Members
+* Generic Attributes
+* Raw String Literals
+* List Patterns
+
+### Required Members
+
+C# 11 introduces a new **required** keyword to allow us to ensure property initialization on object creation. 
+
+We just need to use the **required** keyword before the property type. That’s it. Then if we try to create an object without initializing the required properties, compile-time errors will be shown:
+
+![](required-members.png)
+
+### Generic Attributes
+
+Generic Attributes are also one of the good features that came with C# 11. Before C#11, creating a typed attribute was cumbersome. We would need to pass a **Type** object as an argument to our constructor and assign it to a property in our attribute class and do stuff with this **Type** property.
+
+With C#11, Generic Attributes are introduced. Now, it’s possible to easily create generic attributes like creating generic classes:
+
+```csharp
+//defining a generic attribute
+public class GenericAttribute<T> : Attribute { }
+
+//using the attribute
+[GenericAttribute<int>]
+public int MyMethod() => default;
+```
+
+### Raw String Literals
+
+Raw String Literals is a great syntactic sugar that came with C#11. It allows containing of arbitrary text without escaping. 
+
+By wrapping a string with three double quotes (”””...”””), we are free to put any string value into variables:
+
+```csharp
+var jsonContent = """
+{
+    "name": ".NET 7",
+    "feature": "Raw String Literals"
+}
+""";
+```
+
+Also, we can use string interpolation with this new syntax. We just need to add a $ sign before the first triple quotes:
+
+![](raw-string-literals.png)
+
+### List Patterns
+
+C# 11 introduces the “List Pattern”. It expands the pattern matching for lists and arrays. There are three different ways for list pattern matching:
+
+#### 1-) Discard Pattern
+
+This pattern can be helpful to match one or more elements from a sequence if we know the length of the sequence.
+
+![](discard-pattern.png)
+
+#### 2-) Range Pattern
+
+If the length of the sequence is not known, then the range pattern may be useful. We can use this pattern to check the first or/and last element from a sequence.
+
+![](range-pattern.png)
+
+#### 3-) var Pattern
+
+This pattern allows us to capture an element at that position and use the variable in our code.
+
+![](var-pattern.png)
+
+## Entity Framework Core 7
+
+There are too many improvements and new features that were shipped with EF Core 7. Here's what we're going to cover in this article:
+
+* JSON Columns
+* Improvements on Bulk Updates & Deletes
+* Performance Improvements on SaveChanges & SaveChangesAsync
+
+### JSON Columns
+
+EF 7 supports JSON Columns and this allows the mapping of aggregates built from .NET types to JSON documents. 
+
+Thus, it's kind of combines relational databases and document-based databases in a way.
+
+We can easily mark a column as a JSON column on the `OnModelCreating` method of our `DbContext` class:
+
+```csharp
+protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
+{
+    modelBuilder.Entity<Author>().OwnsOne(
+        author => author.Contact, ownedNavigationBuilder =>
+        {
+            ownedNavigationBuilder.ToJson();
+
+            ownedNavigationBuilder.OwnsOne(contactDetails => contactDetails.Address);
+        });
+}
+```
+
+Also with this version, LINQ JSON query support has been announced. So, we can query over JSON Columns using LINQ as below:
+
+```csharp
+var posts = await context.Posts
+    .AsNoTracking()
+    .Select(
+        post => new
+        {
+            post.Author!.Name,
+            post.Metadata!.Views,
+            Searches = post.Metadata.TopSearches,
+            Commits = post.Metadata.Updates
+        })
+    .ToListAsync();
+```
+
+### Improvements on Bulk Updates & Deletes
+
+EF 7 introduces the new **ExecuteUpdateAsync** and **ExecuteDeleteAsync** methods. By using these methods while making bulk updates or deletes, we can take out the change tracker in this process and this brings great performance gains. 
+
+Example:
+
+```csharp
+await (await GetDbContextAsync()).Tags
+    .Where(tag => tag.Description.Contains("ABP"))
+    .ExecuteDeleteAsync();
+```
+
+### Performance Improvements on SaveChanges & SaveChangesAsync
+
+With EF 7, there are significant performance improvements on SaveChanges & SaveChangesAsync methods. According to the EF Core team, in some cases, saving changes is now four times faster than EF 6. You can see a simple benchmark result from the EF Core blog post here. 
+
+![](benchmark.png)
+
+Even after inserting just four records, there is a significant performance gain.
+
+## .NET MAUI 7
+
+As you know, .NET MAUI is a cross-platform framework for creating native mobile and desktop applications by using C# and XAML. By using the .NET MAUI, apps that can run on Android, IOS, macOS and Windows from a single-code base can be developed.
+
+It’s a new technology, so it's evolving and the .NET MAUI team introduces good features with every release.
+
+In this article, I will only mention a new feature called "Map Control" and some enhancements made with this release.
+
+### Map Control
+
+.NET MAUI 7 introduces **Map Control**. This provides us a good native map experience.
+
+It supports pins, polygons, circles, geolocations and much more...
+
+![](maui.png)
+
+### Improvements on Mobile Rendering & Desktop Enhancements
+
+.NET MAUI 7 came with optimized rendering for mobile applications and is much faster than .NET MAUI 6.
+
+Also, there are some good enhancements on the desktop side:
+
+* Window size and position,
+* Context Menus (which there was a kind of bug and was not seen on some MAUI Controls for Windows applications),
+* Tooltips,
+* Gestures and more...
+
+---
+
+## Conclusion 
+
+In this article, I've highlighted some features that were shipped with .NET 7.
+
+> I've added a references section down below, so you can check the references and see other features that came with this version.
+
+Thanks for reading the article and I hope you find it helpful. See you in the next one!
+
+## References
+
+* https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-dotnet-7/
+* https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-asp-net-core-in-dotnet-7
+* https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-ef7
+* https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/dotnet-maui-dotnet-7
+* https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/welcome-to-csharp-11
+* https://www.milanjovanovic.tech/blog/whats-new-in-dotnet-7