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Add Gauss-Kronrod integration rule

pull/655/head
diluculo 7 years ago
parent
commit
cca30a3a0e
  1. 137
      src/Numerics.Tests/IntegrationTests/IntegrationTest.cs
  2. 72
      src/Numerics/Integrate.cs
  3. 803
      src/Numerics/Integration/GaussKronrodRule.cs

137
src/Numerics.Tests/IntegrationTests/IntegrationTest.cs

@ -71,6 +71,16 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.IntegrationTests
return 1 / (1 + x * x);
}
/// <summary>
/// Test Function: f(x,y) = log(x)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x">First input value.</param>
/// <returns>Function result.</returns>
private static double TargetFunctionD(double x)
{
return Math.Log(x);
}
/// <summary>
/// Test Function Start point.
/// </summary>
@ -101,6 +111,16 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.IntegrationTests
/// </summary>
private const double StopC = double.PositiveInfinity;
/// <summary>
/// Test Function Start point.
/// </summary>
private const double StartD = 0;
/// <summary>
/// Test Function Stop point.
/// </summary>
private const double StopD = 1;
/// <summary>
/// Target area square.
/// </summary>
@ -116,6 +136,11 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.IntegrationTests
/// </summary>
private const double TargetAreaC = Constants.Pi;
/// <summary>
/// Target area.
/// </summary>
private const double TargetAreaD = -1;
/// <summary>
/// Test Integrate facade for simple use cases.
/// </summary>
@ -150,13 +175,52 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.IntegrationTests
TargetAreaC,
Integrate.DoubleExponential(TargetFunctionC, StartC, StopC),
1e-5,
"Integral by substitution");
"DoubleExponential");
Assert.AreEqual(
TargetAreaC,
Integrate.DoubleExponential(TargetFunctionC, StartC, StopC, 1e-10),
1e-10,
"Integral by substitution, Target 1e-10");
"DoubleExponential, Target 1e-10");
Assert.AreEqual(
TargetAreaD,
Integrate.GaussKronrod(TargetFunctionD, StartD, StopD, 1e-10, order: 15),
1e-10,
"GaussKronrod, Target 1e-10, order 15");
Assert.AreEqual(
TargetAreaD,
Integrate.GaussKronrod(TargetFunctionD, StartD, StopD, 1e-10, order: 21),
1e-10,
"GaussKronrod, Target 1e-10, order 21");
Assert.AreEqual(
TargetAreaD,
Integrate.GaussKronrod(TargetFunctionD, StartD, StopD, 1e-10, order: 31),
1e-10,
"GaussKronrod, Target 1e-10, order 31");
Assert.AreEqual(
TargetAreaD,
Integrate.GaussKronrod(TargetFunctionD, StartD, StopD, 1e-10, order: 41),
1e-10,
"GaussKronrod, Target 1e-10, order 41");
Assert.AreEqual(
TargetAreaD,
Integrate.GaussKronrod(TargetFunctionD, StartD, StopD, 1e-10, order: 51),
1e-10,
"GaussKronrod, Target 1e-10, order 51");
Assert.AreEqual(
TargetAreaD,
Integrate.GaussKronrod(TargetFunctionD, StartD, StopD, 1e-10, order: 61),
1e-10,
"GaussKronrod, Target 1e-10, order 61");
double error, L1;
var Q = Integrate.GaussKronrod(TargetFunctionD, StartD, StopD, out error, out L1, 1e-10, order: 15);
Assert.AreEqual(
Math.Abs(TargetAreaD),
Math.Abs(L1),
1e-10,
"GaussKronrod, L1");
}
/// <summary>
@ -351,22 +415,28 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.IntegrationTests
}
// integral_(-oo)^(oo) exp(-x^2/2) dx = sqrt(2 ¥ð)
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, Constants.Sqrt2Pi)]
// integral_(-oo)^(0) exp(-x^2/2) dx = sqrt(¥ð/2)
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, 0, Constants.SqrtPiOver2)]
// integral_(0)^(oo exp(-x^2/2) dx = sqrt(¥ð/2)
[TestCase(0, double.PositiveInfinity, Constants.SqrtPiOver2)]
// integral_(-1)^(1) exp(-x^2/2) dx = sqrt(2 ¥ð) erf(1/sqrt(2))
[TestCase(-1, 1, 1.7112487837842976063)]
// integral_(1)^(0) exp(-x^2/2) dx = -sqrt(¥ð/2) erf(1/sqrt(2))
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, Constants.Sqrt2Pi)]
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, 0, Constants.SqrtPiOver2)]
[TestCase(0, double.PositiveInfinity, Constants.SqrtPiOver2)]
[TestCase(-1, 1, 1.7112487837842976063)]
[TestCase(1, 0, -0.85562439189214880317)]
public void TestGaussianIntegralBySubstitution(double a, double b, double expected)
public void TestIntegralOfGaussian(double a, double b, double expected)
{
Assert.AreEqual(
expected,
Integrate.DoubleExponential((x) => Math.Exp(-x * x / 2), a, b),
1e-10,
"Integral e^(-x^2 /2) from {0} to {1}", a, b);
expected,
Integrate.DoubleExponential((x) => Math.Exp(-x * x / 2), a, b),
1e-10,
"DET Integral e^(-x^2 /2) from {0} to {1}", a, b);
Assert.AreEqual(
expected,
Integrate.GaussKronrod((x) => Math.Exp(-x * x / 2), a, b),
1e-10,
"GK Integral e^(-x^2 /2) from {0} to {1}", a, b);
}
// integral_(-oo)^(oo) sin(pi x) / (pi x) dx = 1 / pi integral_(-oo)^(oo) sin(x) / x dx
@ -377,37 +447,56 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.IntegrationTests
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, 1, Constants.InvPi)]
[TestCase(0, double.PositiveInfinity, 1, Constants.TwoInvPi)]
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, 0, 1, Constants.TwoInvPi)]
public void TestSincIntegralBySubstitution(double a, double b, double expected, double factor)
public void TestIntegralOfSinc(double a, double b, double expected, double factor)
{
Assert.AreEqual(
expected,
factor * Integrate.DoubleExponential((x) => 1 / (1 + x * x), a, b),
1e-10,
"Integral sin(pi*x)/(pi*x) from -oo to oo");
expected,
factor * Integrate.DoubleExponential((x) => 1 / (1 + x * x), a, b),
1e-10,
"DET Integral sin(pi*x)/(pi*x) from -oo to oo");
Assert.AreEqual(
expected,
factor * Integrate.GaussKronrod((x) => 1 / (1 + x * x), a, b),
1e-10,
"GK Integral sin(pi*x)/(pi*x) from -oo to oo");
}
// integral_(-oo)^(oo) 1/(1 + j x^2) dx = -(-1)^(3/4) ¥ð
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, 2.2214414690791831235, -2.2214414690791831235)]
// integral_(0)^(oo) 1/(1 + j x^2) dx = -1/2 (-1)^(3/4) ¥ð
[TestCase(0, double.PositiveInfinity, 1.1107207345395915618, -1.1107207345395915618)]
// integral_(-oo)^(0) 1/(1 + j x^2) dx = -1/2 (-1)^(3/4) ¥ð
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, double.PositiveInfinity, 2.2214414690791831235, -2.2214414690791831235)]
[TestCase(0, double.PositiveInfinity, 1.1107207345395915618, -1.1107207345395915618)]
[TestCase(double.NegativeInfinity, 0, 1.1107207345395915618, -1.1107207345395915618)]
public void TestContourIntegralBySubstitution(double a, double b, double r, double i)
public void TestContourIntegral(double a, double b, double r, double i)
{
var expected = new Complex(r, i);
var actual = ContourIntegrate.DoubleExponential((x) => 1 / new Complex(1, x * x), a, b);
var actualDET = ContourIntegrate.DoubleExponential((x) => 1 / new Complex(1, x * x), a, b);
var actualGK = ContourIntegrate.GaussKronrod((x) => 1 / new Complex(1, x * x), a, b);
Assert.AreEqual(
expected.Real,
actualDET.Real,
1e-10,
"DET Integral Re[e^(-x^2 /2) / (1 + j e^x)] from {0} to {1}", a, b);
Assert.AreEqual(
expected.Imaginary,
actualDET.Imaginary,
1e-10,
"DET Integral Im[e^(-x^2 /2) / (1 + j e^x)] from {0} to {1}", a, b);
Assert.AreEqual(
expected.Real,
actual.Real,
actualGK.Real,
1e-10,
"Integral e^(-x^2 /2) / (1 + j e^x) from {0} to {1}", a, b);
"GK Integral Re[e^(-x^2 /2) / (1 + j e^x)] from {0} to {1}", a, b);
Assert.AreEqual(
expected.Imaginary,
actual.Imaginary,
actualGK.Imaginary,
1e-10,
"Integral e^(-x^2 /2) / (1 + j e^x) from {0} to {1}", a, b);
"GK Integral Im[e^(-x^2 /2) / (1 + j e^x)] from {0} to {1}", a, b);
}
}
}

72
src/Numerics/Integrate.cs

@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
{
return GaussLegendreRule.Integrate(f, invervalBeginA, invervalEndA, invervalBeginB, invervalEndB, 32);
}
/// <summary>
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth function by substitution. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth function by double-exponential quadrature. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth function to integrate.</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts.</param>
@ -155,15 +155,47 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
return DoubleExponentialTransformation.Integrate(u, -1, 1, targetAbsoluteError);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth function by Gauss-Kronrod quadrature. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth function to integrate.</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts.</param>
/// <param name="intervalEnd">Where the interval stops.</param>
/// <param name="targetRelativeError">The expected relative accuracy of the approximation.</param>
/// <param name="maximumDepth">The maximum number of interval splittings permitted before stopping</param>
/// <param name="order">The number of Gauss-Kronrod points. Pre-computed for 15, 31, 41, 51 and 61 points</param>
/// <returns>Approximation of the finite integral in the given interval.</returns>
public static double GaussKronrod(Func<double, double> f, double intervalBegin, double intervalEnd, double targetRelativeError = 1E-8, int maximumDepth = 15, int order = 15)
{
return GaussKronrodRule.Integrate(f, intervalBegin, intervalEnd, out _, out _, targetRelativeError: targetRelativeError, maximumDepth: maximumDepth, order: order);
}
/// <summary>
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth function by Gauss-Kronrod quadrature. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth function to integrate.</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts.</param>
/// <param name="intervalEnd">Where the interval stops.</param>
/// <param name="error">The difference between the (N-1)/2 point Gauss approximation and the N-point Gauss-Kronrod approximation</param>
/// <param name="L1Norm">The L1 norm of the result, if there is a significant difference between this and the returned value, then the result is likely to be ill-conditioned.</param>
/// <param name="targetRelativeError">The expected relative accuracy of the approximation.</param>
/// <param name="maximumDepth">The maximum number of interval splittings permitted before stopping</param>
/// <param name="order">The number of Gauss-Kronrod points. Pre-computed for 15, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61 points</param>
/// <returns>Approximation of the finite integral in the given interval.</returns>
public static double GaussKronrod(Func<double, double> f, double intervalBegin, double intervalEnd, out double error, out double L1Norm, double targetRelativeError = 1E-8, int maximumDepth = 15, int order = 15)
{
return GaussKronrodRule.Integrate(f, intervalBegin, intervalEnd, out error, out L1Norm, targetRelativeError: targetRelativeError, maximumDepth: maximumDepth, order: order);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Numerical Contour Integration over a real variable, of a complex-valued function.
/// Numerical Contour Integration of a complex-valued function over a real variable,.
/// </summary>
public static class ContourIntegrate
{
/// <summary>
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth complex function by substitution. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth complex function by double-exponential quadrature. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth complex function to integrate, defined on the real domain.</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts.</param>
@ -237,5 +269,37 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
return DoubleExponentialTransformation.ContourIntegrate(u, -1, 1, targetAbsoluteError);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth function by Gauss-Kronrod quadrature. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth complex function to integrate, defined on the real domain.</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts.</param>
/// <param name="intervalEnd">Where the interval stops.</param>
/// <param name="targetRelativeError">The expected relative accuracy of the approximation.</param>
/// <param name="maximumDepth">The maximum number of interval splittings permitted before stopping</param>
/// <param name="order">The number of Gauss-Kronrod points. Pre-computed for 15, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61 points</param>
/// <returns>Approximation of the finite integral in the given interval.</returns>
public static Complex GaussKronrod(Func<double, Complex> f, double intervalBegin, double intervalEnd, double targetRelativeError = 1E-8, int maximumDepth = 15, int order = 15)
{
return GaussKronrodRule.ContourIntegrate(f, intervalBegin, intervalEnd, out _, out _, targetRelativeError: targetRelativeError, maximumDepth: maximumDepth, order: order);
}
/// <summary>
/// Approximation of the definite integral of an analytic smooth function by Gauss-Kronrod quadrature. When either or both limits are infinite, the integrand is assumed rapidly decayed to zero as x -> infinity.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth complex function to integrate, defined on the real domain.</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts.</param>
/// <param name="intervalEnd">Where the interval stops.</param>
/// <param name="error">The difference between the (N-1)/2 point Gauss approximation and the N-point Gauss-Kronrod approximation</param>
/// <param name="L1Norm">The L1 norm of the result, if there is a significant difference between this and the returned value, then the result is likely to be ill-conditioned.</param>
/// <param name="targetRelativeError">The expected relative accuracy of the approximation.</param>
/// <param name="maximumDepth">The maximum number of interval splittings permitted before stopping</param>
/// <param name="order">The number of Gauss-Kronrod points. Pre-computed for 15, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61 points</param>
/// <returns>Approximation of the finite integral in the given interval.</returns>
public static Complex GaussKronrod(Func<double, Complex> f, double intervalBegin, double intervalEnd, out double error, out double L1Norm, double targetRelativeError = 1E-8, int maximumDepth = 15, int order = 15)
{
return GaussKronrodRule.ContourIntegrate(f, intervalBegin, intervalEnd, out error, out L1Norm, targetRelativeError: targetRelativeError, maximumDepth: maximumDepth, order: order);
}
}
}

803
src/Numerics/Integration/GaussKronrodRule.cs

@ -0,0 +1,803 @@
// <copyright file="GaussKronrodRule.cs" company="Math.NET">
// Math.NET Numerics, part of the Math.NET Project
// http://numerics.mathdotnet.com
// http://github.com/mathnet/mathnet-numerics
//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Math.NET
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
// restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
// copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
// conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
// HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
// OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
// </copyright>
// This file uses code from the Boost Project.
// Copyright John Maddock 2017.
// Copyright Nick Thompson 2017.
// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
// https://github.com/boostorg/math/blob/develop/include/boost/math/quadrature/gauss_kronrod.hpp
using System;
using System.Numerics;
namespace MathNet.Numerics.Integration
{
public static class GaussKronrodRule
{
const double epsilon = 2.2204460492503131e-016;
/// <summary>
/// The number of Gauss-Kronrod points. Pre-computed for 15, 31, 41, 51 and 61 points.
/// </summary>
static int Order = 15;
static double integrate_non_adaptive_m1_1(Func<double, double> f, out double error, out double pL1)
{
int gauss_start = 2;
int kronrod_start = 1;
int gauss_order = ((int)Order - 1) / 2;
double kronrod_result = 0d;
double gauss_result = 0d;
double fp, fm;
var KAbscissa = KronrodAbscissa();
var KWeights = KronrodWeights();
var GWeights = GaussWeights();
if ((gauss_order & 1) == 1)
{
fp = f(0);
kronrod_result = fp * KWeights[0];
gauss_result += fp * GWeights[0];
}
else
{
fp = f(0);
kronrod_result = fp * KWeights[0];
gauss_start = 1;
kronrod_start = 2;
}
double L1 = Math.Abs(kronrod_result);
for (int i = gauss_start; i < KAbscissa.Length; i += 2)
{
fp = f(KAbscissa[i]);
fm = f(-KAbscissa[i]);
kronrod_result += (fp + fm) * KWeights[i];
L1 += (Math.Abs(fp) + Math.Abs(fm)) * KWeights[i];
gauss_result += (fp + fm) * GWeights[i / 2];
}
for (int i = kronrod_start; i < KAbscissa.Length; i += 2)
{
fp = f(KAbscissa[i]);
fm = f(-KAbscissa[i]);
kronrod_result += (fp + fm) * KWeights[i];
L1 += (Math.Abs(fp) + Math.Abs(fm)) * KWeights[i];
}
pL1 = L1;
error = Math.Max(Math.Abs(kronrod_result - gauss_result), Math.Abs(kronrod_result * epsilon * 2d));
return kronrod_result;
}
static Complex contour_integrate_non_adaptive_m1_1(Func<double, Complex> f, out double error, out double pL1)
{
int gauss_start = 2;
int kronrod_start = 1;
int gauss_order = ((int)Order - 1) / 2;
Complex kronrod_result = new Complex();
Complex gauss_result = new Complex();
Complex fp, fm;
var KAbscissa = KronrodAbscissa();
var KWeights = KronrodWeights();
var GWeights = GaussWeights();
if (gauss_order.IsOdd())
{
fp = f(0);
kronrod_result = fp * KWeights[0];
gauss_result += fp * GWeights[0];
}
else
{
fp = f(0);
kronrod_result = fp * KWeights[0];
gauss_start = 1;
kronrod_start = 2;
}
double L1 = Complex.Abs(kronrod_result);
for (int i = gauss_start; i < KAbscissa.Length; i += 2)
{
fp = f(KAbscissa[i]);
fm = f(-KAbscissa[i]);
kronrod_result += (fp + fm) * KWeights[i];
L1 += (Complex.Abs(fp) + Complex.Abs(fm)) * KWeights[i];
gauss_result += (fp + fm) * GWeights[i / 2];
}
for (int i = kronrod_start; i < KAbscissa.Length; i += 2)
{
fp = f(KAbscissa[i]);
fm = f(-KAbscissa[i]);
kronrod_result += (fp + fm) * KWeights[i];
L1 += (Complex.Abs(fp) + Complex.Abs(fm)) * KWeights[i];
}
pL1 = L1;
error = Math.Max(Complex.Abs(kronrod_result - gauss_result), Complex.Abs(kronrod_result * epsilon * 2d));
return kronrod_result;
}
static double recursive_adaptive_integrate(Func<double, double> f, double a, double b, int max_levels, double rel_tol, double abs_tol, out double error, out double L1)
{
double error_local;
double mean = (b + a) / 2;
double scale = (b - a) / 2;
var r1 = integrate_non_adaptive_m1_1((x) => f(scale * x + mean), out error_local, out L1);
var estimate = scale * r1;
var tmp = estimate * rel_tol;
var abs_tol1 = Math.Abs(tmp);
if (abs_tol == 0)
{
abs_tol = abs_tol1;
}
if (max_levels > 0 && (abs_tol1 < error_local) && (abs_tol < error_local))
{
double mid = (a + b) / 2d;
double L1_local;
estimate = recursive_adaptive_integrate(f, a, mid, max_levels - 1, rel_tol, abs_tol / 2, out error, out L1);
estimate += recursive_adaptive_integrate(f, mid, b, max_levels - 1, rel_tol, abs_tol / 2, out error_local, out L1_local);
error += error_local;
L1 += L1_local;
return estimate;
}
L1 *= scale;
error = error_local;
return estimate;
}
static Complex contour_recursive_adaptive_integrate(Func<double, Complex> f, double a, double b, int max_levels, double rel_tol, double abs_tol, out double error, out double L1)
{
double error_local;
double mean = (b + a) / 2;
double scale = (b - a) / 2;
var r1 = contour_integrate_non_adaptive_m1_1((x) => f(scale * x + mean), out error_local, out L1);
var estimate = scale * r1;
var tmp = estimate * rel_tol;
var abs_tol1 = Complex.Abs(tmp);
if (abs_tol == 0)
{
abs_tol = abs_tol1;
}
if (max_levels > 0 && (abs_tol1 < error_local) && (abs_tol < error_local))
{
double mid = (a + b) / 2d;
double L1_local;
estimate = contour_recursive_adaptive_integrate(f, a, mid, max_levels - 1, rel_tol, abs_tol / 2, out error, out L1);
estimate += contour_recursive_adaptive_integrate(f, mid, b, max_levels - 1, rel_tol, abs_tol / 2, out error_local, out L1_local);
error += error_local;
L1 += L1_local;
return estimate;
}
L1 *= scale;
error = error_local;
return estimate;
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs adaptive Gauss-Kronrod quadrature on function f over the range (a,b)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth function to integrate</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts</param>
/// <param name="intervalEnd">Where the interval stops</param>
/// <param name="error">The difference between the (N-1)/2 point Gauss approximation and the N-point Gauss-Kronrod approximation</param>
/// <param name="L1Norm">The L1 norm of the result, if there is a significant difference between this and the returned value, then the result is likely to be ill-conditioned.</param>
/// <param name="targetRelativeError">The maximum relative error in the result</param>
/// <param name="maximumDepth">The maximum number of interval splittings permitted before stopping</param>
/// <param name="order">The number of Gauss-Kronrod points. Pre-computed for 15, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61 points</param>
public static double Integrate(Func<double, double> f, double intervalBegin, double intervalEnd, out double error, out double L1Norm, double targetRelativeError = 1E-10, int maximumDepth = 15, int order = 15)
{
// Formula used for variable subsitution from
// 1. Shampine, L. F. (2008). Vectorized adaptive quadrature in MATLAB. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 211(2), 131-140.
// 2. quadgk.m, GNU Octave
if (f == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(f));
}
Order = order;
if (intervalBegin > intervalEnd)
{
return -Integrate(f, intervalEnd, intervalBegin, out error, out L1Norm, targetRelativeError, maximumDepth, order);
}
// (-oo, oo) => [-1, 1]
//
// integral_{-oo}^{oo} f(x) dx = integral_{-1}^{1} f(g(t)) g'(t) dt
// g(t) = t / (1 - t^2)
// g'(t) = (1 + t^2) / (1 - t^2)^2
if ((intervalBegin < double.MinValue) && (intervalEnd > double.MaxValue))
{
Func<double, double> u = (t) =>
{
return f(t / (1 - t * t)) * (1 + t * t) / ((1 - t * t) * (1 - t * t));
};
return recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, -1, 1, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0, out error, out L1Norm);
}
// [a, oo) => [0, 1]
//
// integral_{a}^{oo} f(x) dx = integral_{0}^{oo} f(a + t^2) 2 t dt
// = integral_{0}^{1} f(a + g(s)^2) 2 g(s) g'(s) ds
// g(s) = s / (1 - s)
// g'(s) = 1 / (1 - s)^2
else if (intervalEnd > double.MaxValue)
{
Func<double, double> u = (s) =>
{
return 2 * s * f(intervalBegin + (s / (1 - s)) * (s / (1 - s))) / ((1 - s) * (1 - s) * (1 - s));
};
return recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, 0, 1, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0, out error, out L1Norm);
}
// (-oo, b] => [-1, 0]
//
// integral_{-oo}^{b} f(x) dx = -integral_{-oo}^{0} f(b - t^2) 2 t dt
// = -integral_{-1}^{0} f(b - g(s)^2) 2 g(s) g'(s) ds
// g(s) = s / (1 + s)
// g'(s) = 1 / (1 + s)^2
else if (intervalBegin < double.MinValue)
{
Func<double, double> u = (s) =>
{
return -2 * s * f(intervalEnd - s / (1 + s) * (s / (1 + s))) / ((1 + s) * (1 + s) * (1 + s));
};
return recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, -1, 0, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0, out error, out L1Norm);
}
// [a, b] => [-1, 1]
//
// integral_{a}^{b} f(x) dx = integral_{-1}^{1} f(g(t)) g'(t) dt
// g(t) = (b - a) * t * (3 - t^2) / 4 + (b + a) / 2
// g'(t) = 3 / 4 * (b - a) * (1 - t^2)
else
{
Func<double, double> u = (t) =>
{
return f((intervalEnd - intervalBegin) / 4 * t * (3 - t * t) + (intervalEnd + intervalBegin) / 2) * 3 * (intervalEnd - intervalBegin) / 4 * (1 - t * t);
};
return recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, -1, 1, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0d, out error, out L1Norm);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs adaptive Gauss-Kronrod quadrature on function f over the range (a,b)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="f">The analytic smooth complex function to integrate, defined on the real axis.</param>
/// <param name="intervalBegin">Where the interval starts</param>
/// <param name="intervalEnd">Where the interval stops</param>
/// <param name="error">The difference between the (N-1)/2 point Gauss approximation and the N-point Gauss-Kronrod approximation</param>
/// <param name="L1Norm">The L1 norm of the result, if there is a significant difference between this and the returned value, then the result is likely to be ill-conditioned.</param>
/// <param name="targetRelativeError">The maximum relative error in the result</param>
/// <param name="maximumDepth">The maximum number of interval splittings permitted before stopping</param>
/// <param name="order">The number of Gauss-Kronrod points. Pre-computed for 15, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61 points</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Complex ContourIntegrate(Func<double, Complex> f, double intervalBegin, double intervalEnd, out double error, out double L1Norm, double targetRelativeError = 1E-10, int maximumDepth = 15, int order = 15)
{
// Formula used for variable subsitution from
// 1. Shampine, L. F. (2008). Vectorized adaptive quadrature in MATLAB. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 211(2), 131-140.
// 2. quadgk.m, GNU Octave
if (f == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(f));
}
Order = order;
if (intervalBegin > intervalEnd)
{
return -ContourIntegrate(f, intervalEnd, intervalBegin, out error, out L1Norm, targetRelativeError, maximumDepth, order);
}
// (-oo, oo) => [-1, 1]
//
// integral_{-oo}^{oo} f(x) dx = integral_{-1}^{1} f(g(t)) g'(t) dt
// g(t) = t / (1 - t^2)
// g'(t) = (1 + t^2) / (1 - t^2)^2
if ((intervalBegin < double.MinValue) && (intervalEnd > double.MaxValue))
{
Func<double, Complex> u = (t) =>
{
return f(t / (1 - t * t)) * (1 + t * t) / ((1 - t * t) * (1 - t * t));
};
return contour_recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, -1, 1, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0, out error, out L1Norm);
}
// [a, oo) => [0, 1]
//
// integral_{a}^{oo} f(x) dx = integral_{0}^{oo} f(a + t^2) 2 t dt
// = integral_{0}^{1} f(a + g(s)^2) 2 g(s) g'(s) ds
// g(s) = s / (1 - s)
// g'(s) = 1 / (1 - s)^2
else if (intervalEnd > double.MaxValue)
{
Func<double, Complex> u = (s) =>
{
return 2 * s * f(intervalBegin + (s / (1 - s)) * (s / (1 - s))) / ((1 - s) * (1 - s) * (1 - s));
};
return contour_recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, 0, 1, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0, out error, out L1Norm);
}
// (-oo, b] => [-1, 0]
//
// integral_{-oo}^{b} f(x) dx = -integral_{-oo}^{0} f(b - t^2) 2 t dt
// = -integral_{-1}^{0} f(b - g(s)^2) 2 g(s) g'(s) ds
// g(s) = s / (1 + s)
// g'(s) = 1 / (1 + s)^2
else if (intervalBegin < double.MinValue)
{
Func<double, Complex> u = (s) =>
{
return -2 * s * f(intervalEnd - s / (1 + s) * (s / (1 + s))) / ((1 + s) * (1 + s) * (1 + s));
};
return contour_recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, -1, 0, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0, out error, out L1Norm);
}
// [a, b] => [-1, 1]
//
// integral_{a}^{b} f(x) dx = integral_{-1}^{1} f(g(t)) g'(t) dt
// g(t) = (b - a) * t * (3 - t^2) / 4 + (b + a) / 2
// g'(t) = 3 / 4 * (b - a) * (1 - t^2)
else
{
Func<double, Complex> u = (t) =>
{
return f((intervalEnd - intervalBegin) / 4 * t * (3 - t * t) + (intervalEnd + intervalBegin) / 2) * 3 * (intervalEnd - intervalBegin) / 4 * (1 - t * t);
};
return contour_recursive_adaptive_integrate(u, -1, 1, maximumDepth, targetRelativeError, 0d, out error, out L1Norm);
}
}
#region Pre-computed Abscissa and weights
static double[] KronrodAbscissa()
{
switch (Order)
{
default:
case 15:
return PrecomputedKronrodAbscissas[0];
case 21:
return PrecomputedKronrodAbscissas[1];
case 31:
return PrecomputedKronrodAbscissas[2];
case 41:
return PrecomputedKronrodAbscissas[3];
case 51:
return PrecomputedKronrodAbscissas[4];
case 61:
return PrecomputedKronrodAbscissas[5];
}
}
static double[] KronrodWeights()
{
switch (Order)
{
default:
case 15:
return PrecomputedKronrodWeights[0];
case 21:
return PrecomputedKronrodWeights[1];
case 31:
return PrecomputedKronrodWeights[2];
case 41:
return PrecomputedKronrodWeights[3];
case 51:
return PrecomputedKronrodWeights[4];
case 61:
return PrecomputedKronrodWeights[5];
}
}
static double[] GaussWeights()
{
switch (Order)
{
default:
case 15:
return PrecomputedGaussWeights[0];
case 21:
return PrecomputedGaussWeights[1];
case 31:
return PrecomputedGaussWeights[2];
case 41:
return PrecomputedGaussWeights[3];
case 51:
return PrecomputedGaussWeights[4];
case 61:
return PrecomputedGaussWeights[5];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// precomputed abscissa vector per order 15, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61
/// </summary>
static readonly double[][] PrecomputedKronrodAbscissas =
{
new[] // 15-point Gauss-Kronrod
{
0.00000000000000000e+00,
2.07784955007898468e-01,
4.05845151377397167e-01,
5.86087235467691130e-01,
7.41531185599394440e-01,
8.64864423359769073e-01,
9.49107912342758525e-01,
9.91455371120812639e-01,
},
new[] // 21-point Gauss-Kronrod
{
0.00000000000000000e+00,
1.48874338981631211e-01,
2.94392862701460198e-01,
4.33395394129247191e-01,
5.62757134668604683e-01,
6.79409568299024406e-01,
7.80817726586416897e-01,
8.65063366688984511e-01,
9.30157491355708226e-01,
9.73906528517171720e-01,
9.95657163025808081e-01,
},
new[] // 31-point Gauss-Kronrod
{
0.00000000000000000e+00,
1.01142066918717499e-01,
2.01194093997434522e-01,
2.99180007153168812e-01,
3.94151347077563370e-01,
4.85081863640239681e-01,
5.70972172608538848e-01,
6.50996741297416971e-01,
7.24417731360170047e-01,
7.90418501442465933e-01,
8.48206583410427216e-01,
8.97264532344081901e-01,
9.37273392400705904e-01,
9.67739075679139134e-01,
9.87992518020485428e-01,
9.98002298693397060e-01,
},
new[] // 41-point Gauss-Kronrod
{
0.00000000000000000e+00,
7.65265211334973338e-02,
1.52605465240922676e-01,
2.27785851141645078e-01,
3.01627868114913004e-01,
3.73706088715419561e-01,
4.43593175238725103e-01,
5.10867001950827098e-01,
5.75140446819710315e-01,
6.36053680726515025e-01,
6.93237656334751385e-01,
7.46331906460150793e-01,
7.95041428837551198e-01,
8.39116971822218823e-01,
8.78276811252281976e-01,
9.12234428251325906e-01,
9.40822633831754754e-01,
9.63971927277913791e-01,
9.81507877450250259e-01,
9.93128599185094925e-01,
9.98859031588277664e-01,
},
new[] // 51-point Gauss-Kronrod
{
0.00000000000000000e+00,
6.15444830056850789e-02,
1.22864692610710396e-01,
1.83718939421048892e-01,
2.43866883720988432e-01,
3.03089538931107830e-01,
3.61172305809387838e-01,
4.17885382193037749e-01,
4.73002731445714961e-01,
5.26325284334719183e-01,
5.77662930241222968e-01,
6.26810099010317413e-01,
6.73566368473468364e-01,
7.17766406813084388e-01,
7.59259263037357631e-01,
7.97873797998500059e-01,
8.33442628760834001e-01,
8.65847065293275595e-01,
8.94991997878275369e-01,
9.20747115281701562e-01,
9.42974571228974339e-01,
9.61614986425842512e-01,
9.76663921459517511e-01,
9.88035794534077248e-01,
9.95556969790498098e-01,
9.99262104992609834e-01,
},
new[] // 61-point Gauss-Kronrod
{
0.00000000000000000e+00,
5.14718425553176958e-02,
1.02806937966737030e-01,
1.53869913608583547e-01,
2.04525116682309891e-01,
2.54636926167889846e-01,
3.04073202273625077e-01,
3.52704725530878113e-01,
4.00401254830394393e-01,
4.47033769538089177e-01,
4.92480467861778575e-01,
5.36624148142019899e-01,
5.79345235826361692e-01,
6.20526182989242861e-01,
6.60061064126626961e-01,
6.97850494793315797e-01,
7.33790062453226805e-01,
7.67777432104826195e-01,
7.99727835821839083e-01,
8.29565762382768397e-01,
8.57205233546061099e-01,
8.82560535792052682e-01,
9.05573307699907799e-01,
9.26200047429274326e-01,
9.44374444748559979e-01,
9.60021864968307512e-01,
9.73116322501126268e-01,
9.83668123279747210e-01,
9.91630996870404595e-01,
9.96893484074649540e-01,
9.99484410050490638e-01,
}
};
/// <summary>
/// precomputed weight vector per order 15, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61
/// </summary>
static readonly double[][] PrecomputedKronrodWeights =
{
new[] // 15-point Gauss-Kronrod integration
{
2.09482141084727828e-01,
2.04432940075298892e-01,
1.90350578064785410e-01,
1.69004726639267903e-01,
1.40653259715525919e-01,
1.04790010322250184e-01,
6.30920926299785533e-02,
2.29353220105292250e-02,
},
new[] // 21-point Gauss-Kronrod integration
{
1.49445554002916906e-01,
1.47739104901338491e-01,
1.42775938577060081e-01,
1.34709217311473326e-01,
1.23491976262065851e-01,
1.09387158802297642e-01,
9.31254545836976055e-02,
7.50396748109199528e-02,
5.47558965743519960e-02,
3.25581623079647275e-02,
1.16946388673718743e-02,
},
new[] // 31-point Gauss-Kronrod integration
{
1.01330007014791549e-01,
1.00769845523875595e-01,
9.91735987217919593e-02,
9.66427269836236785e-02,
9.31265981708253212e-02,
8.85644430562117706e-02,
8.30805028231330210e-02,
7.68496807577203789e-02,
6.98541213187282587e-02,
6.20095678006706403e-02,
5.34815246909280873e-02,
4.45897513247648766e-02,
3.53463607913758462e-02,
2.54608473267153202e-02,
1.50079473293161225e-02,
5.37747987292334899e-03,
},
new[] // 41-point Gauss-Kronrod integration
{
7.66007119179996564e-02,
7.63778676720807367e-02,
7.57044976845566747e-02,
7.45828754004991890e-02,
7.30306903327866675e-02,
7.10544235534440683e-02,
6.86486729285216193e-02,
6.58345971336184221e-02,
6.26532375547811680e-02,
5.91114008806395724e-02,
5.51951053482859947e-02,
5.09445739237286919e-02,
4.64348218674976747e-02,
4.16688733279736863e-02,
3.66001697582007980e-02,
3.12873067770327990e-02,
2.58821336049511588e-02,
2.03883734612665236e-02,
1.46261692569712530e-02,
8.60026985564294220e-03,
3.07358371852053150e-03,
},
new[] // 51-point Gauss-Kronrod integration
{
6.15808180678329351e-02,
6.14711898714253167e-02,
6.11285097170530483e-02,
6.05394553760458629e-02,
5.97203403241740600e-02,
5.86896800223942080e-02,
5.74371163615678329e-02,
5.59508112204123173e-02,
5.42511298885454901e-02,
5.23628858064074759e-02,
5.02776790807156720e-02,
4.79825371388367139e-02,
4.55029130499217889e-02,
4.28728450201700495e-02,
4.00838255040323821e-02,
3.71162714834155436e-02,
3.40021302743293378e-02,
3.07923001673874889e-02,
2.74753175878517378e-02,
2.40099456069532162e-02,
2.04353711458828355e-02,
1.68478177091282982e-02,
1.32362291955716748e-02,
9.47397338617415161e-03,
5.56193213535671376e-03,
1.98738389233031593e-03,
},
new[] // 61-point Gauss-Kronrod integration
{
5.14947294294515676e-02,
5.14261285374590259e-02,
5.12215478492587722e-02,
5.08817958987496065e-02,
5.04059214027823468e-02,
4.97956834270742064e-02,
4.90554345550297789e-02,
4.81858617570871291e-02,
4.71855465692991539e-02,
4.60592382710069881e-02,
4.48148001331626632e-02,
4.34525397013560693e-02,
4.19698102151642461e-02,
4.03745389515359591e-02,
3.86789456247275930e-02,
3.68823646518212292e-02,
3.49793380280600241e-02,
3.29814470574837260e-02,
3.09072575623877625e-02,
2.87540487650412928e-02,
2.65099548823331016e-02,
2.41911620780806014e-02,
2.18280358216091923e-02,
1.94141411939423812e-02,
1.69208891890532726e-02,
1.43697295070458048e-02,
1.18230152534963417e-02,
9.27327965951776343e-03,
6.63070391593129217e-03,
3.89046112709988405e-03,
1.38901369867700762e-03,
},
};
/// <summary>
/// precomputed Gauss weight vector per order 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30
/// </summary>
static readonly double[][] PrecomputedGaussWeights =
{
new [] // 7-point Gauss
{
4.17959183673469388e-01,
3.81830050505118945e-01,
2.79705391489276668e-01,
1.29484966168869693e-01,
},
new[] // 10-point Gauss
{
2.95524224714752870e-01,
2.69266719309996355e-01,
2.19086362515982044e-01,
1.49451349150580593e-01,
6.66713443086881376e-02,
},
new[] // 15-point Gauss
{
2.02578241925561273e-01,
1.98431485327111576e-01,
1.86161000015562211e-01,
1.66269205816993934e-01,
1.39570677926154314e-01,
1.07159220467171935e-01,
7.03660474881081247e-02,
3.07532419961172684e-02,
},
new[] // 20-point Gauss
{
1.52753387130725851e-01,
1.49172986472603747e-01,
1.42096109318382051e-01,
1.31688638449176627e-01,
1.18194531961518417e-01,
1.01930119817240435e-01,
8.32767415767047487e-02,
6.26720483341090636e-02,
4.06014298003869413e-02,
1.76140071391521183e-02,
},
new[] // 25-point Gauss
{
1.23176053726715451e-01,
1.22242442990310042e-01,
1.19455763535784772e-01,
1.14858259145711648e-01,
1.08519624474263653e-01,
1.00535949067050644e-01,
9.10282619829636498e-02,
8.01407003350010180e-02,
6.80383338123569172e-02,
5.49046959758351919e-02,
4.09391567013063127e-02,
2.63549866150321373e-02,
1.13937985010262879e-02,
},
new[] // 30-point Gauss
{
1.02852652893558840e-01,
1.01762389748405505e-01,
9.95934205867952671e-02,
9.63687371746442596e-02,
9.21225222377861287e-02,
8.68997872010829798e-02,
8.07558952294202154e-02,
7.37559747377052063e-02,
6.59742298821804951e-02,
5.74931562176190665e-02,
4.84026728305940529e-02,
3.87991925696270496e-02,
2.87847078833233693e-02,
1.84664683110909591e-02,
7.96819249616660562e-03,
}
};
#endregion Pre-computed Abscissa and weights
}
}
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