// <copyright file="Vector.cs" company="Math.NET">
// Math.NET Numerics, part of the Math.NET Project
// http://numerics.mathdotnet.com
// http://github.com/mathnet/mathnet-numerics
// http://mathnetnumerics.codeplex.com
//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Math.NET
//
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// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
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// copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
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//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
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// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
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namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Generic
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Runtime;
    using Properties;
    using Storage;

    /// <summary>
    /// Defines the generic class for <c>Vector</c> classes.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Supported data types are double, single, <see cref="Complex"/>, and <see cref="Complex32"/>.</typeparam>
    [Serializable]
    public abstract partial class Vector<T> :
        IFormattable, IEnumerable<T>, IEquatable<Vector<T>>, IList, IList<T>
#if !PORTABLE
        , ICloneable
#endif
        where T : struct, IEquatable<T>, IFormattable
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The zero value for type T.
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly T Zero = Common.ZeroOf<T>();

        /// <summary>
        /// The value of 1.0 for type T.
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly T One = Common.OneOf<T>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the Vector class.
        /// </summary>
        protected Vector(VectorStorage<T> storage)
        {
            Storage = storage;
            Count = storage.Length;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the raw vector data storage.
        /// </summary>
        public VectorStorage<T> Storage { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the number of items.
        /// </summary>
        public int Count { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>Gets or sets the value at the given <paramref name="index"/>.</summary>
        /// <param name="index">The index of the value to get or set.</param>
        /// <returns>The value of the vector at the given <paramref name="index"/>.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException">If <paramref name="index"/> is negative or
        /// greater than the size of the vector.</exception>
        public T this[int index]
        {
            [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
            //[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] .Net 4.5 only
            get { return Storage[index]; }

            [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
            //[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] .Net 4.5 only
            set { Storage[index] = value;}
        }

        /// <summary>Gets the value at the given <paramref name="index"/> without range checking..</summary>
        /// <param name="index">The index of the value to get or set.</param>
        /// <returns>The value of the vector at the given <paramref name="index"/>.</returns>
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
        //[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] .Net 4.5 only
        public T At(int index)
        {
            return Storage.At(index);
        }

        /// <summary>Sets the <paramref name="value"/> at the given <paramref name="index"/> without range checking..</summary>
        /// <param name="index">The index of the value to get or set.</param>
        /// <param name="value">The value to set.</param>
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
        //[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] .Net 4.5 only
        public void At(int index, T value)
        {
            Storage.At(index, value);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resets all values to zero.
        /// </summary>
        public void Clear()
        {
            Storage.Clear();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets all values of a subvector to zero.
        /// </summary>
        public void ClearSubVector(int index, int count)
        {
            if (count < 1)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Resources.ArgumentMustBePositive);
            }

            if (index + count > Count || index < 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }

            Storage.Clear(index, count);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a matrix with the given dimensions using the same storage type
        /// as this vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rows">The number of rows.</param>
        /// <param name="columns">The number of columns.</param>
        /// <returns>A matrix with the given dimensions.</returns>
        public abstract Matrix<T> CreateMatrix(int rows, int columns);

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a <strong>Vector</strong> of the given size using the same storage type
        /// as this vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="size">The size of the <strong>Vector</strong> to create.</param>
        /// <returns>The new <c>Vector</c>.</returns>
        public abstract Vector<T> CreateVector(int size);


        /// <summary>
        /// Negates vector and save result to <paramref name="result"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="result">Target vector</param>
        protected abstract void DoNegate(Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Complex conjugates vector and save result to <paramref name="result"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="result">Target vector</param>
        protected abstract void DoConjugate(Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a scalar to each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to add.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the addition.</param>
        protected abstract void DoAdd(T scalar, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds another vector to this vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to add to this one.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the addition.</param>
        protected abstract void DoAdd(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts a scalar from each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to subtract.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the subtraction.</param>
        protected abstract void DoSubtract(T scalar, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts each element of the vector from a scalar and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to subtract from.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the subtraction.</param>
        protected virtual void DoSubtractFrom(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            DoNegate(result);
            result.DoAdd(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts another vector to this vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to subtract from this one.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the subtraction.</param>
        protected abstract void DoSubtract(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Multiplies a scalar to each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to multiply.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the multiplication.</param>
        protected abstract void DoMultiply(T scalar, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the dot product between this vector and another vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The other vector to add.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the addition.</returns>
        protected abstract T DoDotProduct(Vector<T> other);

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides each element of the vector by a scalar and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to divide with.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the division.</param>
        protected abstract void DoDivide(T scalar, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides a scalar by each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to divide.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the division.</param>
        protected abstract void DoDivideByThis(T scalar, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus for each element of the vector for the given divisor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The divisor to use.</param>
        /// <param name="result">A vector to store the results in.</param>
        protected abstract void DoModulus(T scalar, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus for the given dividend for each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The dividend to use.</param>
        /// <param name="result">A vector to store the results in.</param>
        protected abstract void DoModulusByThis(T scalar, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise multiplies this vector with another vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise multiply with this one.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the pointwise multiplication.</param>
        protected abstract void DoPointwiseMultiply(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise divide this vector with another vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise divide this one by.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The result of the division.</param>
        protected abstract void DoPointwiseDivide(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise modulus this vector with another vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise modulus this one by.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The result of the modulus.</param>
        protected abstract void DoPointwiseModulus(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result);

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a scalar to each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to add.</param>
        /// <returns>A copy of the vector with the scalar added.</returns>
        public Vector<T> Add(T scalar)
        {
            if (scalar.Equals(Zero))
            {
                return Clone();
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoAdd(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a scalar to each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to add.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the addition.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void Add(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            if (scalar.Equals(Zero))
            {
                CopyTo(result);
                return;
            }

            DoAdd(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a copy of this vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>This vector.</returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Added as an alternative to the unary addition operator.
        /// </remarks>
        [Obsolete("Use Clone instead. Scheduled for removal in v3.0.")]
        public Vector<T> Plus()
        {
            return Clone();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds another vector to this vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to add to this one.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector containing the sum of both vectors.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public Vector<T> Add(Vector<T> other)
        {
            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoAdd(other, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds another vector to this vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to add to this one.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the addition.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void Add(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoAdd(other, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts a scalar from each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to subtract.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector containing the subtraction of this vector and the scalar.</returns>
        public Vector<T> Subtract(T scalar)
        {
            if (scalar.Equals(Zero))
            {
                return Clone();
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoSubtract(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts a scalar from each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to subtract.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the subtraction.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void Subtract(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            if (scalar.Equals(Zero))
            {
                CopyTo(result);
                return;
            }

            DoSubtract(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts each element of the vector from a scalar.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to subtract from.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector containing the subtraction of the scalar and this vector.</returns>
        public Vector<T> SubtractFrom(T scalar)
        {
            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoSubtractFrom(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts each element of the vector from a scalar and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to subtract from.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the subtraction.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void SubtractFrom(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoSubtractFrom(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a negated vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The negated vector.</returns>
        /// <remarks>Added as an alternative to the unary negation operator.</remarks>
        public Vector<T> Negate()
        {
            var retrunVector = CreateVector(Count);
            DoNegate(retrunVector);
            return retrunVector;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Negates vector and save result to <paramref name="result"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="result">Target vector</param>
        public void Negate(Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoNegate(result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts another vector from this vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to subtract from this one.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector containing the subtraction of the the two vectors.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public Vector<T> Subtract(Vector<T> other)
        {
            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoSubtract(other, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts another vector to this vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to subtract from this one.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the subtraction.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void Subtract(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoSubtract(other, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Return vector with complex conjugate values of the source vector
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Conjugated vector</returns>
        public Vector<T> Conjugate()
        {
            var retrunVector = CreateVector(Count);
            DoConjugate(retrunVector);
            return retrunVector;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Complex conjugates vector and save result to <paramref name="result"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="result">Target vector</param>
        public void Conjugate(Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoConjugate(result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Multiplies a scalar to each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to multiply.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector that is the multiplication of the vector and the scalar.</returns>
        public Vector<T> Multiply(T scalar)
        {
            if (scalar.Equals(One))
            {
                return Clone();
            }

            if (scalar.Equals(Zero))
            {
                return CreateVector(Count);
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoMultiply(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Multiplies a scalar to each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to multiply.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the multiplication.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void Multiply(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            if (scalar.Equals(One))
            {
                CopyTo(result);
                return;
            }

            if (scalar.Equals(Zero))
            {
                result.Clear();
                return;
            }

            DoMultiply(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the dot product between this vector and another vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The other vector to add.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the addition.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="other"/> is not of the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="other"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        public T DotProduct(Vector<T> other)
        {
            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            return DoDotProduct(other);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides each element of the vector by a scalar.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to divide with.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector that is the division of the vector and the scalar.</returns>
        public Vector<T> Divide(T scalar)
        {
            if (scalar.Equals(One))
            {
                return Clone();
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoDivide(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides each element of the vector by a scalar and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to divide with.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the division.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void Divide(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            if (scalar.Equals(One))
            {
                CopyTo(result);
                return;
            }

            DoDivide(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides a scalar by each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to divide.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector that is the division of the vector and the scalar.</returns>
        public Vector<T> DevideByThis(T scalar)
        {
            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoDivideByThis(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides a scalar by each element of the vector and stores the result in the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The scalar to divide.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the division.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void DivideByThis(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoDivideByThis(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus for each element of the vector for the given divisor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The divisor to use.</param>
        /// <returns>A vector containing the result.</returns>
        public Vector<T> Modulus(T scalar)
        {
            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoModulus(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus for each element of the vector for the given divisor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The divisor to use.</param>
        /// <param name="result">A vector to store the results in.</param>
        public void Modulus(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoModulus(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus for the given dividend for each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The dividend to use.</param>
        /// <returns>A vector containing the result.</returns>
        public Vector<T> ModulusByThis(T scalar)
        {
            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoModulusByThis(scalar, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus for the given dividend for each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="scalar">The dividend to use.</param>
        /// <param name="result">A vector to store the results in.</param>
        public void ModulusByThis(T scalar, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoModulusByThis(scalar, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise multiplies this vector with another vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise multiply with this one.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector which is the pointwise multiplication of the two vectors.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public Vector<T> PointwiseMultiply(Vector<T> other)
        {
            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoPointwiseMultiply(other, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise multiplies this vector with another vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise multiply with this one.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the pointwise multiplication.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void PointwiseMultiply(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoPointwiseMultiply(other, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise divide this vector with another vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise divide this one by.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector which is the pointwise division of the two vectors.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public Vector<T> PointwiseDivide(Vector<T> other)
        {
            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoPointwiseDivide(other, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise divide this vector with another vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise divide this one by.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the pointwise division.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void PointwiseDivide(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoPointwiseDivide(other, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise modulus this vector with another vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise modulus this one by.</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector which is the pointwise modulus of the two vectors.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public Vector<T> PointwiseModulus(Vector<T> other)
        {
            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            DoPointwiseModulus(other, result);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise modulus this vector with another vector and stores the result into the result vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other">The vector to pointwise modulus this one by.</param>
        /// <param name="result">The vector to store the result of the pointwise modulus.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the other vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the result vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="other"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If this vector and <paramref name="result"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        public void PointwiseModulus(Vector<T> other, Vector<T> result)
        {
            if (result == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("result");
            }

            if (other == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("other");
            }

            if (Count != other.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "other");
            }

            if (Count != result.Count)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentVectorsSameLength, "result");
            }

            DoPointwiseModulus(other, result);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Outer product of two vectors
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="u">First vector</param>
        /// <param name="v">Second vector</param>
        /// <returns>Matrix M[i,j] = u[i]*v[j] </returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the u vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If the v vector is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Matrix<T> OuterProduct(Vector<T> u, Vector<T> v)
        {
            if (u == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("u");
            }

            if (v == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("v");
            }

            var matrix = u.CreateMatrix(u.Count, v.Count);

            for (var i = 0; i < u.Count; i++)
            {
                matrix.SetRow(i, v.Multiply(u.At(i)));
            }

            return matrix;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Outer product of this and another vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="v">The vector to operate on.</param>
        /// <returns>
        /// Matrix M[i,j] = this[i] * v[j].
        /// </returns>
        /// <seealso cref="OuterProduct(Vector{T}, Vector{T})"/>
        public Matrix<T> OuterProduct(Vector<T> v)
        {
            return OuterProduct(this, v);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a <strong>Vector</strong> containing the same values of <paramref name="rightSide"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>This method is included for completeness.</remarks>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector to get the values from.</param>
        /// <returns>A vector containing the same values as <paramref name="rightSide"/>.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator +(Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (rightSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("rightSide");
            }

            return rightSide.Clone();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a <strong>Vector</strong> containing the negated values of <paramref name="rightSide"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector to get the values from.</param>
        /// <returns>A vector containing the negated values as <paramref name="rightSide"/>.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator -(Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (rightSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("rightSide");
            }

            return rightSide.Negate();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds two <strong>Vectors</strong> together and returns the results.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">One of the vectors to add.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The other vector to add.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the addition.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> and <paramref name="rightSide"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> or <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator +(Vector<T> leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.Add(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a scalar to each element of a vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector to add to.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The scalar value to add.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the addition.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator +(Vector<T> leftSide, T rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.Add(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a scalar to each element of a vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The scalar value to add.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector to add to.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the addition.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator +(T leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (rightSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("rightSide");
            }

            return rightSide.Add(leftSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts two <strong>Vectors</strong> and returns the results.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector to subtract from.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector to subtract.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the subtraction.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> and <paramref name="rightSide"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> or <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator -(Vector<T> leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.Subtract(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Subtracts a scalar from each element of a vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector to subtract from.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The scalar value to subtract.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the subtraction.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator -(Vector<T> leftSide, T rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.Subtract(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Substracts each element of a vector from a scalar.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The scalar value to subtract from.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector to subtract.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the subtraction.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator -(T leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (rightSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("rightSide");
            }

            return rightSide.SubtractFrom(leftSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Multiplies a vector with a scalar.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector to scale.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The scalar value.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the multiplication.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator *(Vector<T> leftSide, T rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.Multiply(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Multiplies a vector with a scalar.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The scalar value.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector to scale.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the multiplication.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator *(T leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (rightSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("rightSide");
            }

            return rightSide.Multiply(leftSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the dot product between two <strong>Vectors</strong>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The left row vector.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The right column vector.</param>
        /// <returns>The dot product between the two vectors.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> and <paramref name="rightSide"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> or <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static T operator *(Vector<T> leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.DotProduct(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides a scalar with a vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The scalar to divide.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the division.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="rightSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator /(T leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (rightSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("rightSide");
            }

            return rightSide.DevideByThis(leftSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Divides a vector with a scalar.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector to divide.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The scalar value.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the division.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator /(Vector<T> leftSide, T rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.Divide(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Pointwise divides two <strong>Vectors</strong>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector to divide.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The other vector.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the division.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> and <paramref name="rightSide"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator /(Vector<T> leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.PointwiseDivide(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus of each element of the vector of the given divisor.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector whose elements we want to compute the modulus of.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The divisor to use.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the calculation</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator %(Vector<T> leftSide, T rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.Modulus(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the modulus of the given dividend of each element of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The dividend we want to compute the modulus of.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The vector whose elements we want to use as divisor.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the calculation</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator %(T leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (rightSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("rightSide");
            }

            return rightSide.ModulusByThis(leftSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the pointwise modulus of each element of two <strong>vectors</strong>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="leftSide">The vector whose elements we want to compute the modulus of.</param>
        /// <param name="rightSide">The divisor to use.</param>
        /// <returns>The result of the calculation</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> and <paramref name="rightSide"/> are not the same size.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="leftSide"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        public static Vector<T> operator %(Vector<T> leftSide, Vector<T> rightSide)
        {
            if (leftSide == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("leftSide");
            }

            return leftSide.PointwiseModulus(rightSide);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the p-Norm.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="p">
        /// The p value.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// <c>Scalar ret = (sum(abs(this[i])^p))^(1/p)</c>
        /// </returns>
        public abstract T Norm(double p);

        /// <summary>
        /// Normalizes this vector to a unit vector with respect to the p-norm.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="p">
        /// The p value.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// This vector normalized to a unit vector with respect to the p-norm.
        /// </returns>
        public abstract Vector<T> Normalize(double p);

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the value of the absolute minimum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The value of the absolute minimum element.</returns>
        public abstract T AbsoluteMinimum();

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the index of the absolute minimum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The index of absolute minimum element.</returns>
        public abstract int AbsoluteMinimumIndex();

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the value of the absolute maximum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The value of the absolute maximum element.</returns>
        public abstract T AbsoluteMaximum();

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the index of the absolute maximum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The index of absolute maximum element.</returns>
        public abstract int AbsoluteMaximumIndex();

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the value of maximum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The value of maximum element.</returns>
        public T Maximum()
        {
            return At(MaximumIndex());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the index of the absolute maximum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The index of absolute maximum element.</returns>
        public abstract int MaximumIndex();

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the value of the minimum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The value of the minimum element.</returns>
        public T Minimum()
        {
            return At(MinimumIndex());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the index of the minimum element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The index of minimum element.</returns>
        public abstract int MinimumIndex();

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the sum of the vector's elements.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The sum of the vector's elements.</returns>
        public abstract T Sum();

        /// <summary>
        /// Computes the sum of the absolute value of the vector's elements.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The sum of the absolute value of the vector's elements.</returns>
        public abstract T SumMagnitudes();

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a deep-copy clone of the vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A deep-copy clone of the vector.</returns>
        public Vector<T> Clone()
        {
            var result = CreateVector(Count);
            Storage.CopyToUnchecked(result.Storage, skipClearing: true);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Set the values of this vector to the given values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="values">The array containing the values to use.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="values"/> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="values"/> is not the same size as this vector.</exception>
        public void SetValues(T[] values)
        {
            var source = new DenseVectorStorage<T>(Count, values);
            source.CopyTo(Storage);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Copies the values of this vector into the target vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="target">The vector to copy elements into.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="target"/> is <see langword="null"/>.</exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="target"/> is not the same size as this vector.</exception>
        public void CopyTo(Vector<T> target)
        {
            if (target == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("target");
            }

            Storage.CopyTo(target.Storage);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a vector containing specified elements.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="index">The first element to begin copying from.</param>
        /// <param name="count">The number of elements to copy.</param>
        /// <returns>A vector containing a copy of the specified elements.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentOutOfRangeException"><list><item>If <paramref name="index"/> is not positive or
        /// greater than or equal to the size of the vector.</item>
        /// <item>If <paramref name="index"/> + <paramref name="count"/> is greater than or equal to the size of the vector.</item>
        /// </list></exception>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If <paramref name="count"/> is not positive.</exception>
        public Vector<T> SubVector(int index, int count)
        {
            var target = CreateVector(count);
            Storage.CopySubVectorTo(target.Storage, index, 0, count, skipClearing: true);
            return target;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Copies the values of a given vector into a region in this vector.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="index">The field to start copying to</param>
        /// <param name="count">The number of fields to cpy. Must be positive.</param>
        /// <param name="subVector">The sub-vector to copy from.</param>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="subVector"/> is <see langword="null" /></exception>
        public void SetSubVector(int index, int count, Vector<T> subVector)
        {
            if (subVector == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("subVector");
            }

            subVector.Storage.CopySubVectorTo(Storage, 0, index, count);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Copies the requested elements from this vector to another.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="destination">The vector to copy the elements to.</param>
        /// <param name="sourceIndex">The element to start copying from.</param>
        /// <param name="targetIndex">The element to start copying to.</param>
        /// <param name="count">The number of elements to copy.</param>
        public void CopySubVectorTo(Vector<T> destination, int sourceIndex, int targetIndex, int count)
        {
            if (destination == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("destination");
            }

            // TODO: refactor range checks
            Storage.CopySubVectorTo(destination.Storage, sourceIndex, targetIndex, count);
        }

        [Obsolete("Use CopySubVectorTo instead. Scheduled for removal in v3.0.")]
        public void CopyTo(Vector<T> destination, int sourceIndex, int targetIndex, int count)
        {
            CopySubVectorTo(destination, sourceIndex, targetIndex, count);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the data contained in the vector as an array.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// The vector's data as an array.
        /// </returns>
        public T[] ToArray()
        {
            var result = new DenseVectorStorage<T>(Count);
            Storage.CopyToUnchecked(result, skipClearing: true);
            return result.Data;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create a matrix based on this vector in column form (one single column).
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// This vector as a column matrix.
        /// </returns>
        public Matrix<T> ToColumnMatrix()
        {
            var result = CreateMatrix(Count, 1);
            Storage.CopyToColumnUnchecked(result.Storage, 0, skipClearing: true);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create a matrix based on this vector in row form (one single row).
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// This vector as a row matrix.
        /// </returns>
        public Matrix<T> ToRowMatrix()
        {
            var result = CreateMatrix(1, Count);
            Storage.CopyToRowUnchecked(result.Storage, 0, skipClearing: true);
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns an enumerator that iterates through the collection.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// A <see cref="T:System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator`1"/> that can be used to iterate through the collection.
        /// </returns>
        public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
        {
            return Storage.Enumerate().GetEnumerator();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns an <see cref="IEnumerable{T}"/> that contains the position and value of the element, for all non-zero elements.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// An <see cref="IEnumerable{T}"/> over this vector that contains the position and value of each element.
        /// </returns>
        /// <remarks>
        /// The enumerator returns a <seealso cref="Tuple{T,K}"/>
        /// with the first value being the element index and the second value
        /// being the value of the element at that index.
        /// The enumerator will exclude all elements with a zero value.
        /// </remarks>
        public IEnumerable<Tuple<int, T>> GetIndexedEnumerator()
        {
            return Storage.EnumerateNonZero();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Applies a function to each value of this vector and replaces the value with its result.
        /// If forceMapZero is not set to true, zero values may or may not be skipped depending
        /// on the actual data storage implementation (relevant mostly for sparse vectors).
        /// </summary>
        public void MapInplace(Func<T, T> f, bool forceMapZeros = false)
        {
            Storage.MapInplace(f, forceMapZeros);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Applies a function to each value of this vector and replaces the value with its result.
        /// The index of each value (zero-based) is passed as first argument to the function.
        /// If forceMapZero is not set to true, zero values may or may not be skipped depending
        /// on the actual data storage implementation (relevant mostly for sparse vectors).
        /// </summary>
        public void MapIndexedInplace(Func<int, T, T> f, bool forceMapZeros = false)
        {
            Storage.MapIndexedInplace(f, forceMapZeros);
        }
    }
}