diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
index a83d134f..f48f5b92 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of applications in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Applications.LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Applications.LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of applications that match the specified query.
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of applications that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TApplication>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TApplication>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Applications).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Applications).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// <param name="application">The application to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TApplication application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TApplication application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (application == null)
             {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             Applications.Add(application);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the client application corresponding to the identifier.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TApplication> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TApplication> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(identifier))
             {
@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             var key = ConvertIdentifierFromString(identifier);
 
-            return new ValueTask<TApplication>((from application in Applications
-                                                where application.Id.Equals(key)
-                                                select application).FirstOrDefaultAsync());
+            return await (from application in Applications
+                          where application.Id.Equals(key)
+                          select application).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -256,16 +256,16 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the client application corresponding to the identifier.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TApplication> FindByClientIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TApplication> FindByClientIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(identifier))
             {
                 throw new ArgumentException("The identifier cannot be null or empty.", nameof(identifier));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TApplication>((from application in Applications
-                                                where application.ClientId == identifier
-                                                select application).FirstOrDefaultAsync());
+            return await (from application in Applications
+                          where application.ClientId == identifier
+                          select application).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the first element returned when executing the query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
             [NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TApplication>, TState, IQueryable<TResult>> query,
             [CanBeNull] TState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TResult>(query(Applications, state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await query(Applications, state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.Permissions)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(permission => (string) permission)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.PostLogoutRedirectUris)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(address => (string) address)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.RedirectUris)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(address => (string) address)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
index 05795c98..ea3019b5 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of authorizations in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Authorizations.LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Authorizations.LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of authorizations that match the specified query.
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of authorizations that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TAuthorization>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TAuthorization>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Authorizations).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Authorizations).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// <param name="authorization">The authorization to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TAuthorization authorization, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TAuthorization authorization, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (authorization == null)
             {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             Authorizations.Add(authorization);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the authorization corresponding to the identifier.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TAuthorization> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TAuthorization> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(identifier))
             {
@@ -375,9 +375,9 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             var key = ConvertIdentifierFromString(identifier);
 
-            return new ValueTask<TAuthorization>((from authorization in Authorizations.Include(authorization => authorization.Application)
-                                                  where authorization.Id.Equals(key)
-                                                  select authorization).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await (from authorization in Authorizations.Include(authorization => authorization.Application)
+                          where authorization.Id.Equals(key)
+                          select authorization).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the first element returned when executing the query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
             [NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TAuthorization>, TState, IQueryable<TResult>> query,
             [CanBeNull] TState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
@@ -456,8 +456,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TResult>(query(
-                Authorizations.Include(authorization => authorization.Application), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await query(
+                Authorizations.Include(authorization => authorization.Application), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(authorization.Scopes)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(scope => (string) scope)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
index 8619b6d0..00b01b95 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of scopes in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Scopes.LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Scopes.LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of scopes that match the specified query.
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of scopes that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TScope>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TScope>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Scopes).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Scopes).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// <param name="scope">The scope to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TScope scope, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TScope scope, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (scope == null)
             {
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             Scopes.Add(scope);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the scope corresponding to the identifier.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TScope> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TScope> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(identifier))
             {
@@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             var key = ConvertIdentifierFromString(identifier);
 
-            return new ValueTask<TScope>((from scope in Scopes
-                                          where scope.Id.Equals(key)
-                                          select scope).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await (from scope in Scopes
+                          where scope.Id.Equals(key)
+                          select scope).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -191,16 +191,16 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the scope corresponding to the specified name.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TScope> FindByNameAsync([NotNull] string name, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TScope> FindByNameAsync([NotNull] string name, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
             {
                 throw new ArgumentException("The scope name cannot be null or empty.", nameof(name));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TScope>((from scope in Scopes
-                                          where scope.Name == name
-                                          select scope).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await (from scope in Scopes
+                          where scope.Name == name
+                          select scope).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -217,8 +217,10 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                 throw new ArgumentException("Scope names cannot be null or empty.", nameof(names));
             }
 
+            // Note: Enumerable.Contains() is deliberately used without the extension method syntax to ensure
+            // ImmutableArray.Contains() (which is not fully supported by Entity Framework 6.x) is not used instead.
             return (from scope in Scopes
-                    where names.Contains(scope.Name)
+                    where Enumerable.Contains(names, scope.Name)
                     select scope).AsAsyncEnumerable(cancellationToken);
         }
 
@@ -258,7 +260,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the first element returned when executing the query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
             [NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TScope>, TState, IQueryable<TResult>> query,
             [CanBeNull] TState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TResult>(query(Scopes, state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await query(Scopes, state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -411,7 +413,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(scope.Resources)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(resource => (string) resource)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
index 57297d2f..914fb14f 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFramework/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of applications in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Tokens.LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Tokens.LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of tokens that match the specified query.
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of tokens that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TToken>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TToken>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Tokens).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Tokens).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// <param name="token">The token to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TToken token, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TToken token, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (token == null)
             {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             Tokens.Add(token);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the token corresponding to the unique identifier.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TToken> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TToken> FindByIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(identifier))
             {
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
 
             var key = ConvertIdentifierFromString(identifier);
 
-            return new ValueTask<TToken>((from token in Tokens.Include(token => token.Application).Include(token => token.Authorization)
-                                          where token.Id.Equals(key)
-                                          select token).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await (from token in Tokens.Include(token => token.Application).Include(token => token.Authorization)
+                          where token.Id.Equals(key)
+                          select token).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -362,16 +362,16 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the tokens corresponding to the specified reference identifier.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TToken> FindByReferenceIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TToken> FindByReferenceIdAsync([NotNull] string identifier, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(identifier))
             {
                 throw new ArgumentException("The identifier cannot be null or empty.", nameof(identifier));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TToken>((from token in Tokens.Include(token => token.Application).Include(token => token.Authorization)
-                                          where token.ReferenceId == identifier
-                                          select token).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await (from token in Tokens.Include(token => token.Application).Include(token => token.Authorization)
+                          where token.ReferenceId == identifier
+                          select token).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the first element returned when executing the query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
             [NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TToken>, TState, IQueryable<TResult>> query,
             [CanBeNull] TState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
@@ -449,9 +449,9 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFramework
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TResult>(query(
+            return await query(
                 Tokens.Include(token => token.Application)
-                      .Include(token => token.Authorization), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+                      .Include(token => token.Authorization), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
index fcc8e467..fa1e2b7a 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of applications in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Applications.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Applications.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of applications that match the specified query.
@@ -140,14 +140,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of applications that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TApplication>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TApplication>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Applications).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Applications).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// <param name="application">The application to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TApplication application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TApplication application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (application == null)
             {
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
 
             Context.Add(application);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the first element returned when executing the query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
             [NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TApplication>, TState, IQueryable<TResult>> query,
             [CanBeNull] TState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TResult>(query(Applications.AsTracking(), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await query(Applications.AsTracking(), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.Permissions)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(permission => (string) permission)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.PostLogoutRedirectUris)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(address => (string) address)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.RedirectUris)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(address => (string) address)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
index 662c42b8..118e65ec 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of authorizations in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Authorizations.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Authorizations.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of authorizations that match the specified query.
@@ -140,14 +140,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of authorizations that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TAuthorization>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TAuthorization>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Authorizations).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Authorizations).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// <param name="authorization">The authorization to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TAuthorization authorization, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TAuthorization authorization, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (authorization == null)
             {
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
 
             Context.Add(authorization);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the first element returned when executing the query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
             [NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TAuthorization>, TState, IQueryable<TResult>> query,
             [CanBeNull] TState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
@@ -509,9 +509,9 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TResult>(query(
+            return await query(
                 Authorizations.Include(authorization => authorization.Application)
-                              .AsTracking(), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+                              .AsTracking(), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(authorization.Scopes)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(scope => (string) scope)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                 // Warning: FindAsync() is deliberately not used to work around a breaking change introduced
                 // in Entity Framework Core 3.x (where a ValueTask instead of a Task is now returned).
                 var application = await Applications.AsQueryable()
-                    .FirstOrDefaultAsync(element => element.Id.Equals(key), cancellationToken);
+                    .FirstOrDefaultAsync(application => application.Id.Equals(key), cancellationToken);
 
                 if (application == null)
                 {
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
index 27991a20..54205bf6 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of scopes in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Scopes.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Scopes.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of scopes that match the specified query.
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of scopes that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TScope>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TScope>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Scopes).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Scopes).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// <param name="scope">The scope to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TScope scope, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TScope scope, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (scope == null)
             {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
 
             Scopes.Add(scope);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -234,8 +234,10 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                 throw new ArgumentException("Scope names cannot be null or empty.", nameof(names));
             }
 
+            // Note: Enumerable.Contains() is deliberately used without the extension method syntax to ensure
+            // ImmutableArray.Contains() (which is not fully supported by Entity Framework Core) is not used instead.
             return (from scope in Scopes.AsTracking()
-                    where names.Contains(scope.Name)
+                    where Enumerable.Contains(names, scope.Name)
                     select scope).AsAsyncEnumerable();
         }
 
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the first element returned when executing the query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
+        public virtual async ValueTask<TResult> GetAsync<TState, TResult>(
             [NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TScope>, TState, IQueryable<TResult>> query,
             [CanBeNull] TState state, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<TResult>(query(Scopes.AsTracking(), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken));
+            return await query(Scopes.AsTracking(), state).FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -426,7 +428,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(scope.Resources)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(resource => (string) resource)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
index 2d65a32d..6c357d28 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of applications in the database.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
-            => new ValueTask<long>(Tokens.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync());
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            => await Tokens.AsQueryable().LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Determines the number of tokens that match the specified query.
@@ -139,14 +139,14 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation,
         /// whose result returns the number of tokens that match the specified query.
         /// </returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TToken>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask<long> CountAsync<TResult>([NotNull] Func<IQueryable<TToken>, IQueryable<TResult>> query, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (query == null)
             {
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask<long>(query(Tokens).LongCountAsync());
+            return await query(Tokens).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
         /// <param name="token">The token to create.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The <see cref="CancellationToken"/> that can be used to abort the operation.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="ValueTask"/> that can be used to monitor the asynchronous operation.</returns>
-        public virtual ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TToken token, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        public virtual async ValueTask CreateAsync([NotNull] TToken token, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             if (token == null)
             {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
 
             Context.Add(token);
 
-            return new ValueTask(Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken));
+            await Context.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                 // Warning: FindAsync() is deliberately not used to work around a breaking change introduced
                 // in Entity Framework Core 3.x (where a ValueTask instead of a Task is now returned).
                 var application = await Applications.AsQueryable()
-                    .FirstOrDefaultAsync(element => element.Id.Equals(key), cancellationToken);
+                    .FirstOrDefaultAsync(application => application.Id.Equals(key), cancellationToken);
 
                 if (application == null)
                 {
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.EntityFrameworkCore
                 // Warning: FindAsync() is deliberately not used to work around a breaking change introduced
                 // in Entity Framework Core 3.x (where a ValueTask instead of a Task is now returned).
                 var authorization = await Authorizations.AsQueryable()
-                    .FirstOrDefaultAsync(element => element.Id.Equals(key), cancellationToken);
+                    .FirstOrDefaultAsync(authorization => authorization.Id.Equals(key), cancellationToken);
 
                 if (authorization == null)
                 {
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
index 03c604b7..b8dbbbe6 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TApplication>(Options.CurrentValue.ApplicationsCollectionName);
 
-            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TApplication>.Empty);
+            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TApplication>.Empty, null, cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TApplication>(Options.CurrentValue.ApplicationsCollectionName);
 
-            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TApplication>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync();
+            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TApplication>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
index b5bc7eb1..381a3e52 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TAuthorization>(Options.CurrentValue.AuthorizationsCollectionName);
 
-            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TAuthorization>.Empty);
+            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TAuthorization>.Empty, null, cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TAuthorization>(Options.CurrentValue.AuthorizationsCollectionName);
 
-            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TAuthorization>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync();
+            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TAuthorization>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
index 62d2dfbe..3c67375e 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TScope>(Options.CurrentValue.ScopesCollectionName);
 
-            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TScope>.Empty);
+            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TScope>.Empty, null, cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TScope>(Options.CurrentValue.ScopesCollectionName);
 
-            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TScope>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync();
+            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TScope>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -200,7 +200,9 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
                 var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
                 var collection = database.GetCollection<TScope>(Options.CurrentValue.ScopesCollectionName);
 
-                await foreach (var scope in collection.Find(scope => names.Contains(scope.Name)).ToAsyncEnumerable(cancellationToken))
+                // Note: Enumerable.Contains() is deliberately used without the extension method syntax to ensure
+                // ImmutableArray.Contains() (which is not fully supported by MongoDB) is not used instead.
+                await foreach (var scope in collection.Find(scope => Enumerable.Contains(names, scope.Name)).ToAsyncEnumerable(cancellationToken))
                 {
                     yield return scope;
                 }
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
index 60471335..d0aaef0d 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.MongoDb/Stores/OpenIddictTokenStore.cs
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TToken>(Options.CurrentValue.TokensCollectionName);
 
-            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TToken>.Empty);
+            return await collection.CountDocumentsAsync(FilterDefinition<TToken>.Empty, null, cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.MongoDb
             var database = await Context.GetDatabaseAsync(cancellationToken);
             var collection = database.GetCollection<TToken>(Options.CurrentValue.TokensCollectionName);
 
-            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TToken>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync();
+            return await ((IMongoQueryable<TToken>) query(collection.AsQueryable())).LongCountAsync(cancellationToken);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
index 2f60bf1b..e162e030 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictApplicationStore.cs
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.NHibernate
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.Permissions)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(permission => (string) permission)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.NHibernate
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.PostLogoutRedirectUris)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(address => (string) address)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.NHibernate
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(application.RedirectUris)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(address => (string) address)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
index 80e065db..023ffcca 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictAuthorizationStore.cs
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.NHibernate
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(authorization.Scopes)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(scope => (string) scope)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });
 
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs b/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
index 9b740cd6..1c0b3b39 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.NHibernate/Stores/OpenIddictScopeStore.cs
@@ -235,8 +235,10 @@ namespace OpenIddict.NHibernate
             {
                 var session = await Context.GetSessionAsync(cancellationToken);
 
+                // Note: Enumerable.Contains() is deliberately used without the extension method syntax to ensure
+                // ImmutableArray.Contains() (which is not fully supported by NHibernate) is not used instead.
                 await foreach (var scope in (from scope in session.Query<TScope>()
-                                             where names.Contains(scope.Name)
+                                             where Enumerable.Contains(names, scope.Name)
                                              select scope).AsAsyncEnumerable(cancellationToken))
                 {
                     yield return scope;
@@ -433,7 +435,7 @@ namespace OpenIddict.NHibernate
                      .SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
 
                 return JArray.Parse(scope.Resources)
-                    .Select(element => (string) element)
+                    .Select(resource => (string) resource)
                     .ToImmutableArray();
             });