diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.Abstractions/OpenIddictResources.resx b/src/OpenIddict.Abstractions/OpenIddictResources.resx
index a4a1d0e6..1cfb795b 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.Abstractions/OpenIddictResources.resx
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.Abstractions/OpenIddictResources.resx
@@ -1393,6 +1393,9 @@ Consider registering a certificate using 'services.AddOpenIddict().AddClient().A
   <data name="ID0366" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The '{0}' parameter cannot be null or empty.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="ID0367" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>The device authorization flow cannot be enabled when token storage is disabled (unless the degraded mode is used).</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="ID2000" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The security token is missing.</value>
   </data>
diff --git a/src/OpenIddict.Server/OpenIddictServerConfiguration.cs b/src/OpenIddict.Server/OpenIddictServerConfiguration.cs
index 55a6f477..1d8d7327 100644
--- a/src/OpenIddict.Server/OpenIddictServerConfiguration.cs
+++ b/src/OpenIddict.Server/OpenIddictServerConfiguration.cs
@@ -138,6 +138,13 @@ public sealed class OpenIddictServerConfiguration : IPostConfigureOptions<OpenId
             throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetResourceString(SR.ID0083));
         }
 
+        // Prevent the device authorization flow from being used if token storage is disabled, unless the degraded
+        // mode has been enabled (in this case, additional checks will be enforced later to require custom handlers).
+        if (options.DisableTokenStorage && !options.EnableDegradedMode && options.GrantTypes.Contains(GrantTypes.DeviceCode))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetResourceString(SR.ID0367));
+        }
+
         if (options.EncryptionCredentials.Count is 0)
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetResourceString(SR.ID0085));
@@ -149,14 +156,14 @@ public sealed class OpenIddictServerConfiguration : IPostConfigureOptions<OpenId
         }
 
         // If all the registered encryption credentials are backed by a X.509 certificate, at least one of them must be valid.
-        if (options.EncryptionCredentials.TrueForAll(credentials => credentials.Key is X509SecurityKey x509SecurityKey &&
+        if (options.EncryptionCredentials.TrueForAll(static credentials => credentials.Key is X509SecurityKey x509SecurityKey &&
                (x509SecurityKey.Certificate.NotBefore > DateTime.Now || x509SecurityKey.Certificate.NotAfter < DateTime.Now)))
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetResourceString(SR.ID0087));
         }
 
         // If all the registered signing credentials are backed by a X.509 certificate, at least one of them must be valid.
-        if (options.SigningCredentials.TrueForAll(credentials => credentials.Key is X509SecurityKey x509SecurityKey &&
+        if (options.SigningCredentials.TrueForAll(static credentials => credentials.Key is X509SecurityKey x509SecurityKey &&
                (x509SecurityKey.Certificate.NotBefore > DateTime.Now || x509SecurityKey.Certificate.NotAfter < DateTime.Now)))
         {
             throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetResourceString(SR.ID0088));
diff --git a/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Authentication.cs b/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Authentication.cs
index d698c31d..05f33f57 100644
--- a/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Authentication.cs
+++ b/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Authentication.cs
@@ -832,7 +832,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
             var scope = new OpenIddictScope();
 
             options.RegisterScopes("scope_registered_in_options");
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
 
@@ -1445,6 +1447,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
         {
             options.Services.AddSingleton(manager);
 
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableAuthorizationStorage();
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
@@ -1695,7 +1700,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
 
         await using var server = await CreateServerAsync(options =>
         {
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableAuthorizationStorage();
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
@@ -1753,7 +1760,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
 
         await using var server = await CreateServerAsync(options =>
         {
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableAuthorizationStorage();
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
@@ -1811,7 +1820,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
 
         await using var server = await CreateServerAsync(options =>
         {
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableAuthorizationStorage();
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
@@ -1935,7 +1946,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
 
         await using var server = await CreateServerAsync(options =>
         {
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableAuthorizationStorage();
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
diff --git a/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Device.cs b/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Device.cs
index b02fdbc6..c7b58342 100644
--- a/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Device.cs
+++ b/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Device.cs
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
     {
         // Arrange
         var application = new OpenIddictApplication();
+        var token = new OpenIddictToken();
 
         await using var server = await CreateServerAsync(options =>
         {
@@ -242,10 +243,21 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
                     .ReturnsAsync(true);
             }));
 
+            options.Services.AddSingleton(CreateTokenManager(mock =>
+            {
+                mock.Setup(manager => manager.CreateAsync(It.IsAny<OpenIddictTokenDescriptor>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .ReturnsAsync(token);
+
+                mock.Setup(manager => manager.GetIdAsync(token, It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .ReturnsAsync("3E228451-1555-46F7-A471-951EFBA23A56");
+
+                mock.Setup(manager => manager.FindByIdAsync("3E228451-1555-46F7-A471-951EFBA23A56", It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .ReturnsAsync(token);
+            }));
+
             options.RegisterScopes("registered_scope");
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.DisableAuthorizationStorage();
-            options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
 
             options.AddEventHandler<HandleDeviceRequestContext>(builder =>
@@ -280,6 +292,7 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
         // Arrange
         var application = new OpenIddictApplication();
         var scope = new OpenIddictScope();
+        var token = new OpenIddictToken();
 
         var manager = CreateScopeManager(mock =>
         {
@@ -303,10 +316,21 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
                     .ReturnsAsync(true);
             }));
 
+            options.Services.AddSingleton(CreateTokenManager(mock =>
+            {
+                mock.Setup(manager => manager.CreateAsync(It.IsAny<OpenIddictTokenDescriptor>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .ReturnsAsync(token);
+
+                mock.Setup(manager => manager.GetIdAsync(token, It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .ReturnsAsync("3E228451-1555-46F7-A471-951EFBA23A56");
+
+                mock.Setup(manager => manager.FindByIdAsync("3E228451-1555-46F7-A471-951EFBA23A56", It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()))
+                    .ReturnsAsync(token);
+            }));
+
             options.RegisterScopes("scope_registered_in_options");
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.DisableAuthorizationStorage();
-            options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
 
             options.Services.AddSingleton(manager);
diff --git a/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Exchange.cs b/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Exchange.cs
index 0f34537c..afedea8e 100644
--- a/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Exchange.cs
+++ b/test/OpenIddict.Server.IntegrationTests/OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests.Exchange.cs
@@ -1335,7 +1335,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
         await using var server = await CreateServerAsync(options =>
         {
             options.RegisterScopes("scope_registered_in_options");
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
 
@@ -1909,7 +1911,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
 
             options.Services.AddSingleton(manager);
 
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
         });
@@ -1977,7 +1981,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
 
             options.Services.AddSingleton(manager);
 
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
         });
@@ -2153,7 +2159,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
                     .ReturnsAsync(true);
             }));
 
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
         });
@@ -2206,7 +2214,9 @@ public abstract partial class OpenIddictServerIntegrationTests
                     return default;
                 }));
 
+            options.SetDeviceEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
             options.SetRevocationEndpointUris(Array.Empty<Uri>());
+            options.Configure(options => options.GrantTypes.Remove(GrantTypes.DeviceCode));
             options.DisableTokenStorage();
             options.DisableSlidingRefreshTokenExpiration();
         });