Fix

backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/Apps/DomainObject/AppCommandMiddleware.cs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public sealed class AppCommandMiddleware(
     {
         if (result.Payload is App app)
         {
-            contextProvider.Context.App = app;
+            contextProvider.Context = contextProvider.Context.WithApp(app);
         }
 
         return base.EnrichResultAsync(context, result, ct);

backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/Assets/DomainObject/AssetsBulkUpdateCommandMiddleware.cs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public sealed class AssetsBulkUpdateCommandMiddleware(IContextProvider contextPr
             return;
         }
 
-        contextProvider.Context.Change(b => b
+        contextProvider.Context = contextProvider.Context.Clone(b => b
             .WithNoAssetEnrichment()
             .WithNoCleanup()
             .WithUnpublished(true)

backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/Contents/DomainObject/ContentsBulkUpdateCommandMiddleware.cs

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public sealed class ContentsBulkUpdateCommandMiddleware(
             return;
         }
 
-        contextProvider.Context.Change(b => b
+        contextProvider.Context = contextProvider.Context.Clone(b => b
             .WithNoEnrichment()
             .WithNoCleanup()
             .WithUnpublished(true)

backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/Context.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 //  All rights reserved. Licensed under the MIT license.
 // ==========================================================================
 
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Security.Claims;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Apps;
 using Squidex.Infrastructure;
@@ -20,14 +21,21 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities;
 public sealed class Context
 {
     private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> EmptyHeaders = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    private static readonly char[] Separators = [',', ';'];
 
-    public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> Headers { get; private set; }
+    // Splitting a header is not free and the same headers are read several times per request, for
+    // example once per schema of a query. A concurrent dictionary is used because a context is
+    // shared between the parallel resolvers of a GraphQL query. The context is immutable, so the
+    // parsed values never have to be invalidated.
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, string[]> headerValues = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, string[]>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> Headers { get; }
 
     public ClaimsPermissions UserPermissions { get; }
 
     public ClaimsPrincipal UserPrincipal { get; }
 
-    public App App { get; set; }
+    public App App { get; }
 
     public bool IsFrontendClient { get; }
 
@@ -71,6 +79,25 @@ public sealed class Context
         return new Context(claimsPrincipal, app);
     }
 
+    internal string[] HeaderValues(string key)
+    {
+        if (headerValues.TryGetValue(key, out var result))
+        {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        if (!Headers.TryGetValue(key, out var value))
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        result = value.Split(Separators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries).Distinct().ToArray();
+
+        headerValues[key] = result;
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
     public bool Allows(string permissionId, string schema = Permission.Any)
     {
         return UserPermissions.Allows(permissionId, App.Name, schema);
@@ -90,13 +117,6 @@ public sealed class Context
             return context;
         }
 
-        public Context Update()
-        {
-            context.Headers = headers ?? context.Headers;
-
-            return context;
-        }
-
         public void Remove(string key)
         {
             headers ??= new Dictionary<string, string>(context.Headers, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
@@ -110,13 +130,9 @@ public sealed class Context
         }
     }
 
-    public Context Change(Action<ICloneBuilder> action)
+    public Context WithApp(App app)
     {
-        var builder = new HeaderBuilder(this);
-
-        action(builder);
-
-        return builder.Update();
+        return new Context(app, UserPrincipal, UserPermissions, Headers);
     }
 
     public Context Clone(Action<ICloneBuilder> action)

backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/ContextHeaders.cs

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities;
 
 public static class ContextHeaders
 {
-    private static readonly char[] Separators = [',', ';'];
-
     public const string KeyBatchSize = "X-BatchSize";
     public const string KeyNoCacheKeys = "X-NoCacheKeys";
     public const string KeyNoScripting = "X-NoScripting";
@@ -128,11 +126,8 @@ public static class ContextHeaders
 
     public static IEnumerable<string> AsStrings(this Context context, string key)
     {
-        if (context.Headers.TryGetValue(key, out var value))
-        {
-            return value.Split(Separators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Select(x => x.Trim()).Distinct();
-        }
-
-        return [];
+        // The context parses the header once and keeps the result, because the same headers are
+        // read several times while a query is enriched.
+        return context.HeaderValues(key);
     }
 }

backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/IContextProvider.cs

@@ -9,5 +9,6 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities;
 
 public interface IContextProvider
 {
-    Context Context { get; }
+    // The context is immutable, so it has to be replaced to change it for the current request.
+    Context Context { get; set; }
 }

backend/src/Squidex.Web/ContextProvider.cs

@@ -27,5 +27,16 @@ public sealed class ContextProvider(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor) :
 
             return httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Context();
         }
+        set
+        {
+            if (httpContextAccessor.HttpContext == null)
+            {
+                asyncLocal.Value = value;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Features.Set(value);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

backend/tests/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Tests/Apps/DomainObject/AppCommandMiddlewareTests.cs

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ public class AppCommandMiddlewareTests : HandlerTestBase<App>
 
         await HandleAsync(new UpdateApp(), replaced);
 
-        Assert.Same(replaced, ApiContext.App);
+        // The context is immutable, so the provider gets a new one instead of an updated one.
+        Assert.Same(replaced, ApiContextProvider.Context.App);
     }
 
     [Fact]

backend/tests/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Tests/Assets/DomainObject/AssetsBulkUpdateCommandMiddlewareTests.cs

@@ -183,8 +183,9 @@ public class AssetsBulkUpdateCommandMiddlewareTests : GivenContext
     {
         var requestContext = CreateContext(false, PermissionIds.ForApp(id, AppId.Name).Id);
 
-        A.CallTo(() => contextProvider.Context)
-            .Returns(requestContext);
+        // Assign instead of configuring the getter, so that the fake keeps the value like the real
+        // provider does. The middleware replaces the context, because it is immutable.
+        contextProvider.Context = requestContext;
 
         return requestContext;
     }

backend/tests/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Tests/Contents/DomainObject/ContentsBulkUpdateCommandMiddlewareTests.cs

@@ -595,8 +595,9 @@ public class ContentsBulkUpdateCommandMiddlewareTests : GivenContext
             PermissionIds.ForApp(id, AppId.Name, schemaId.Name).Id,
             PermissionIds.ForApp(id, AppId.Name, schemaCustomId.Name).Id);
 
-        A.CallTo(() => contextProvider.Context)
-            .Returns(requestContext);
+        // Assign instead of configuring the getter, so that the fake keeps the value like the real
+        // provider does. The middleware replaces the context, because it is immutable.
+        contextProvider.Context = requestContext;
 
         return requestContext;
     }

backend/tests/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Tests/ContextHeadersTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// ==========================================================================
+//  Squidex Headless CMS
+// ==========================================================================
+//  Copyright (c) Squidex UG (haftungsbeschraenkt)
+//  All rights reserved. Licensed under the MIT license.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Apps;
+using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Contents;
+using Squidex.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities;
+
+public class ContextHeadersTests
+{
+    private readonly Context sut = Context.Anonymous(new App { Name = "my-app" });
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_return_empty_when_header_is_not_set()
+    {
+        Assert.Empty(sut.AsStrings("X-Fields"));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("a,b", new[] { "a", "b" })]
+    [InlineData("a, b", new[] { "a", "b" })]
+    [InlineData(" a ; b ", new[] { "a", "b" })]
+    [InlineData("a,,b", new[] { "a", "b" })]
+    [InlineData("a,a,b", new[] { "a", "b" })]
+    public void Should_split_and_trim_header(string value, string[] expected)
+    {
+        var context = sut.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", value));
+
+        Assert.Equal(expected, context.AsStrings("X-Fields").ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_ignore_entries_that_are_only_whitespace()
+    {
+        // These used to survive as an empty string, which made Languages() throw.
+        var context = sut.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", " , "));
+
+        Assert.Empty(context.AsStrings("X-Fields"));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_reuse_parsed_header()
+    {
+        var context = sut.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", "a,b"));
+
+        var actual1 = context.AsStrings("X-Fields");
+        var actual2 = context.AsStrings("X-Fields");
+
+        Assert.Same(actual1, actual2);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_not_share_parsed_headers_with_clone()
+    {
+        var context1 = sut.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", "a,b"));
+
+        // Parse before cloning, so that a shared cache would be visible.
+        Assert.Equal(["a", "b"], context1.AsStrings("X-Fields").ToArray());
+
+        var context2 = context1.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", "c"));
+
+        Assert.Equal(["c"], context2.AsStrings("X-Fields").ToArray());
+        Assert.Equal(["a", "b"], context1.AsStrings("X-Fields").ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_not_see_header_that_has_been_removed_in_clone()
+    {
+        var context1 = sut.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", "a,b"));
+
+        Assert.NotEmpty(context1.AsStrings("X-Fields"));
+
+        var context2 = context1.Clone(b => b.Remove("X-Fields"));
+
+        Assert.Empty(context2.AsStrings("X-Fields"));
+        Assert.NotEmpty(context1.AsStrings("X-Fields"));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_return_same_context_when_nothing_is_changed()
+    {
+        var context = sut.Clone(_ => { });
+
+        Assert.Same(sut, context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_parse_languages_from_header()
+    {
+        var context = sut.Clone(b => b.WithLanguages(["en", "de", "en"]));
+
+        Assert.Equal([Language.EN, Language.DE], context.Languages().ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_keep_headers_when_app_is_replaced()
+    {
+        var context1 = sut.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", "a,b"));
+
+        var context2 = context1.WithApp(new App { Name = "other-app" });
+
+        Assert.Equal("other-app", context2.App.Name);
+        Assert.Equal(["a", "b"], context2.AsStrings("X-Fields").ToArray());
+
+        // The original must not be affected.
+        Assert.Equal("my-app", context1.App.Name);
+    }
+}

backend/tests/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Tests/TestHelpers/GivenContext.cs

@@ -139,8 +139,9 @@ public class GivenContext
     {
         var result = A.Fake<IContextProvider>();
 
-        A.CallTo(() => result.Context)
-            .Returns(context);
+        // Assign instead of configuring the getter, so that the fake keeps the value like the real
+        // provider does. The context is immutable and is replaced to change it.
+        result.Context = context;
 
         return result;
     }

backend/tests/Squidex.Web.Tests/ContextProviderTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// ==========================================================================
+//  Squidex Headless CMS
+// ==========================================================================
+//  Copyright (c) Squidex UG (haftungsbeschraenkt)
+//  All rights reserved. Licensed under the MIT license.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Apps;
+using RequestContext = Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Context;
+
+namespace Squidex.Web;
+
+public class ContextProviderTests
+{
+    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor = A.Fake<IHttpContextAccessor>();
+    private readonly HttpContext httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
+    private readonly App app = new App { Name = "my-app" };
+    private readonly ContextProvider sut;
+
+    public ContextProviderTests()
+    {
+        // A fake would return a dummy http context, but the fallback is only used when it is null.
+        A.CallTo(() => httpContextAccessor.HttpContext)
+            .Returns(null);
+
+        sut = new ContextProvider(httpContextAccessor);
+    }
+
+    private void UseHttpContext()
+    {
+        A.CallTo(() => httpContextAccessor.HttpContext)
+            .Returns(httpContext);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_provide_context_from_http_context()
+    {
+        UseHttpContext();
+
+        var context = new RequestContext(httpContext.User, app);
+
+        httpContext.Features.Set(context);
+
+        Assert.Same(context, sut.Context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_create_context_when_http_context_has_none()
+    {
+        UseHttpContext();
+
+        Assert.NotNull(sut.Context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_reuse_created_context_of_http_context()
+    {
+        UseHttpContext();
+
+        Assert.Same(sut.Context, sut.Context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_read_headers_from_request()
+    {
+        UseHttpContext();
+
+        httpContext.Request.Headers["X-Fields"] = "a,b";
+
+        Assert.Equal("a,b", sut.Context.Headers["X-Fields"]);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_write_context_to_http_context()
+    {
+        UseHttpContext();
+
+        var context = new RequestContext(httpContext.User, app);
+
+        sut.Context = context;
+
+        Assert.Same(context, httpContext.Features.Get<RequestContext>());
+        Assert.Same(context, sut.Context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_replace_context_of_http_context()
+    {
+        UseHttpContext();
+
+        var context1 = sut.Context;
+        var context2 = context1.Clone(b => b.SetHeader("X-Fields", "a,b"));
+
+        sut.Context = context2;
+
+        Assert.NotSame(context1, sut.Context);
+        Assert.Same(context2, sut.Context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_provide_anonymous_context_without_http_context()
+    {
+        Assert.NotNull(sut.Context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_reuse_anonymous_context_without_http_context()
+    {
+        Assert.Same(sut.Context, sut.Context);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Should_write_context_without_http_context()
+    {
+        var context = new RequestContext(httpContext.User, app);
+
+        sut.Context = context;
+
+        Assert.Same(context, sut.Context);
+    }
+}

resolved.md

@@ -621,3 +621,123 @@ The `_Schemas_` marker keeps this key space distinct from the single-schema over
 interchangeable.
 
 **Verified:** build clean, all suites green.
+
+---
+
+### 18. Sequential N+1 schema and component lookups — **CLOSED: FINDING WAS WRONG**
+`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/AppProviderExtensions.cs`
+`backend/src/Squidex/Areas/Api/Controllers/Contents/Generator/SchemasOpenApiGenerator.cs`
+
+The original finding claimed the OpenAPI docs endpoint "serialises 100 round trips" for an
+app with 100 schemas. **That is not true, and the claim was never verified.**
+
+`ContentOpenApiController` calls `appProvider.GetSchemasAsync(AppId, ...)` *before*
+`GenerateAsync`, and `AppProvider.GetSchemasAsync` writes every schema into the
+request-scoped local cache under `SchemaCacheKey(appId, schema.Id)`. Inside
+`GetComponentsAsync`, the component lookup is
+`appProvider.GetSchemaAsync(appId, schemaId, false, ct)`, which reads that exact same key
+through `GetOrCreate`. Component schemas belong to the same app by construction, so every
+one of those lookups is a local-cache hit. Zero database round trips, the loop just walks
+an in-memory dictionary.
+
+**The remaining path is real but small and not worth the risk.** `ContentEnricher` does
+*not* pre-warm the cache, so a content query whose schema has component fields does pay one
+round trip per distinct component schema, sequentially, on the first use in a request —
+typically a handful.
+
+Parallelising the resolver was considered and rejected. `GetComponentsAsync` is recursive
+over a shared `Dictionary<DomainId, Schema>` and relies on inserting each schema *before*
+recursing into it, which is what breaks reference cycles between component schemas.
+Running the lookups concurrently would mean unsynchronised writes to that dictionary and
+would lose the cycle guarantee, in exchange for saving a couple of milliseconds on a path
+that only pays the cost once per request. `AppProvider.GetOrCreate` also has a
+check-then-act race that concurrency would expose.
+
+---
+
+### 19. Header parsing re-split and re-allocated on every read — **FIXED**
+`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/Context.cs`
+`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/ContextHeaders.cs`
+
+**Was:** `AsStrings` ran `value.Split(...).Select(x => x.Trim()).Distinct()` on every call —
+a split array, two LINQ iterators and an internal `HashSet` each time. The same headers are
+read repeatedly per request: `ConvertData.GenerateConverter` reads `Languages()` and
+`ResolveUrls()` once per schema group, and `Fields()` is read from several steps. The
+headers never change once a request is running.
+
+**Now:** `Context` parses each header once into a `string[]` and keeps it.
+
+```csharp
+private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, string[]> headerValues = new (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+```
+
+A `ConcurrentDictionary` rather than a plain one, because a `Context` is shared between the
+parallel resolvers of a GraphQL query. The cache is cleared whenever `Headers` is assigned,
+which is the only way it can change (`Context.Change`).
+
+`Fields()` and `Languages()` still build their own `HashSet` per call, deliberately. Their
+results are handed to callers that retain them — `Q.WithFields`, `ExcludeOtherFields` — so
+returning a shared instance would let one caller mutate another's copy. Caching the parsed
+`string[]` removes the expensive part while leaving ownership exactly as it was.
+
+**This also fixed a latent crash.** The rewrite uses
+`StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | TrimEntries`, which drops whitespace-only entries.
+The old order — split, *then* trim — turned a header like `X-Languages: " , "` into a
+single empty string, and `Language.GetLanguage("")` calls `Guard.NotNullOrEmpty` and
+throws. Verified the difference against the runtime rather than assuming it.
+
+**Verified:** a new `ContextHeadersTests` covering splitting, trimming, deduplication,
+memoization (`Assert.Same`), invalidation on change and on removal, clone isolation, and
+the whitespace case. Two of them **fail on the pre-fix code** — the memoization test and
+the whitespace test — which are exactly the two behaviours that changed.
+`Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities.Tests` green (1540).
+
+---
+
+### Immutable `Context` (follow-up to 19)
+`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/Context.cs`
+`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/IContextProvider.cs`
+`backend/src/Squidex.Web/ContextProvider.cs`
+
+`Context` was mutable in two ways: `Headers { get; private set; }` changed by `Change()`,
+and a public `App { get; set; }`. That is what forced the header cache added in item 19 to
+carry invalidation logic.
+
+**Now `IContextProvider.Context` has a setter and `Context` is immutable.** Both setters
+are gone, along with `Change()` and `ICloneBuilder.Update()`; `Clone()` and a new
+`WithApp()` return a new instance. The header cache needs no invalidation at all — a
+`Context` parses each header at most once for its whole lifetime.
+
+The three mutation sites in the codebase became replacements:
+
+```csharp
+contextProvider.Context = contextProvider.Context.WithApp(app);                       // AppCommandMiddleware
+contextProvider.Context = contextProvider.Context.Clone(b => b.WithNoEnrichment()…);   // both bulk middlewares
+```
+
+`ContextProvider` stores it symmetrically to how it reads it — `HttpContext.Features` when
+there is a request, the `AsyncLocal` fallback when there is not. `AppResolver` already
+replaced the whole context this way, so the pattern was established.
+
+**Why this is safe.** Replacing a reference is only equivalent to mutating in place if
+nobody holds the old one. Every consumer of `IContextProvider` was checked:
+`AssetCommandMiddleware`, `ContentCommandMiddleware`, `RuleCommandMiddleware`,
+`EnrichWithAppIdCommandMiddleware` and both bulk middlewares all read
+`contextProvider.Context` fresh at the point of use. None capture it in a field or across
+an await that spans a replacement.
+
+**Three existing tests failed and were right to.** Their doubles pinned the getter with
+`A.CallTo(() => provider.Context).Returns(ctx)`, which made a *replacement* invisible while
+the old in-place mutation had been visible. The fakes now assign (`provider.Context = ctx`)
+so FakeItEasy tracks the property like the real provider, and
+`AppCommandMiddlewareTests` asserts through `ApiContextProvider.Context.App` rather than
+through a now-stale local reference.
+
+**New `ContextProviderTests`** covers both storage paths: reading from and writing to
+`HttpContext.Features`, header population, and the `AsyncLocal` fallback. Writing it
+surfaced a trap worth knowing about — `A.Fake<IHttpContextAccessor>()` returns a *dummy*
+`HttpContext` rather than `null`, so the fallback path is never reached unless the fake is
+explicitly configured to return null.
+
+**Verified:** build clean. Entities 1541, Web 176, Core 1243, Infrastructure 1033,
+Data 180 — all green.

todo.md

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ overhead / allocation churn), **S4** low (worth fixing while nearby).
 
 Item numbers are stable and never reused. Completed items move to
 [resolved.md](resolved.md) keeping their number, so gaps in the sequence here are
-expected — items **4**–**17** and **20** are closed and live there.
+expected — items **4**–**20** are closed and live there.
 
-**Status: 5 open of 20 — items 1, 2, 3, 18, 19. The other 15 are in [resolved.md](resolved.md).**
+**Status: 3 open of 20 — items 1, 2, 3, all the same root cause. The other 17 are in [resolved.md](resolved.md).**
 
 ---
 
@@ -66,55 +66,19 @@ already isolated in `ContentScriptVars`.
 
 ---
 
-## S3 — Moderate
-
-### 18. Sequential N+1 schema and component lookups
-`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/AppProviderExtensions.cs:30`
-`backend/src/Squidex/Areas/Api/Controllers/Contents/Generator/SchemasOpenApiGenerator.cs:39,48`
-
-`ResolveSchemasAsync` awaits `appProvider.GetSchemaAsync` once per id in a loop; the
-OpenAPI generator awaits `GetComponentsAsync(schema, ...)` once per schema in a loop.
-For an app with 100 schemas the OpenAPI docs endpoint serialises 100 round trips that
-have no dependency on each other.
-
-**Fix:** `await Task.WhenAll(...)` over the lookups, or add a batch accessor. Both are
-warm-cache paths, which is why this sits at S3 rather than S2.
-
----
-
-### 19. Header parsing re-splits and re-allocates on every read
-`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/Contents/ContentHeaders.cs:140,150`
-`backend/src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Entities/ContextHeaders.cs:133`
-
-```csharp
-public static HashSet<string>? Fields(this Context context)
-    => context.AsStrings(KeyFields).ToHashSet();
-
-public static HashSet<Language> Languages(this Context context)
-    => context.AsStrings(KeyLanguages).Select(Language.GetLanguage).ToHashSet();
-```
-
-`AsStrings` does `value.Split(...).Select(Trim).Distinct()`. Each call allocates the
-split array, two LINQ iterators and a `HashSet`. `ConvertData.GenerateConverter` calls
-`Languages()` **and** `ResolveUrls().ToList()` per schema group, and `Fields()` is read
-from several steps. The headers never change for the lifetime of a `Context`.
-
-**Fix:** memoize the parsed values on `Context`, invalidating in the clone builder.
-
----
-
 ## Suggested order of attack
 
-1. **Engine pooling (items 1–3)** — by a wide margin the largest remaining cost, and the
-   only one left that can dominate a request. One change in `JintScriptEngine` addresses
-   it, and items 2 and 3 mostly disappear with it.
-2. **Items 18 and 19** — steady-state allocation and a warm-cache N+1; both are small and
-   neither is likely to show up next to item 1.
-
-Everything correctness-shaped is closed, as is everything in the stability category. What
-remains is pure throughput work — exactly the category that should be profiled before it
-is written. Item 1 in particular is worth measuring first: the estimate that it dominates
-a scripted content list comes from reading the loops, not from a trace.
+Only one piece of work is left: **pool the Jint engines (item 1)**. Items 2 and 3 are the
+same cost seen from two call sites and mostly disappear once item 1 is done; what remains
+of them afterwards is the sequential `await` per content, which is worth re-measuring
+rather than assuming.
+
+**Profile this one before writing it.** Everything correctness- and stability-shaped is
+closed, so what is left is pure throughput, and the estimate that engine construction
+dominates a scripted content list is read off the loops, not taken from a trace. Engine
+pooling is also the most invasive change on the whole list — it touches the security
+boundary of user-authored scripts, since a pooled engine must not carry state from one
+script into the next. That is worth confirming is a real cost before taking the risk.
 
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