fix: add SSRF protection to AI model provider URLs

Apply SsrfProtectionValidator.validateUri() to AI providers with
user-supplied URLs (OpenAI baseUrl, Azure OpenAI endpoint, Ollama
baseUrl). Validation at two layers:
- execution time in Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl
- save time in AiModelDataValidator

Controlled by the existing SSRF_PROTECTION_ENABLED flag.

application/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/ai/Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import dev.langchain4j.model.openai.OpenAiChatModel;
 import dev.langchain4j.model.vertexai.gemini.VertexAiGeminiChatModel;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.thingsboard.common.util.SsrfProtectionValidator;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.model.chat.AmazonBedrockChatModelConfig;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.model.chat.AnthropicChatModelConfig;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.model.chat.AzureOpenAiChatModelConfig;
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ import software.amazon.awssdk.services.bedrockruntime.BedrockRuntimeClient;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.Base64;
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ class Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl implements Langchain4jChatModelConfigur
 
     @Override
     public ChatModel configureChatModel(OpenAiChatModelConfig chatModelConfig) {
+        validateBaseUrl(chatModelConfig.providerConfig().baseUrl());
         return OpenAiChatModel.builder()
                 .baseUrl(chatModelConfig.providerConfig().baseUrl())
                 .apiKey(chatModelConfig.providerConfig().apiKey())
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ class Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl implements Langchain4jChatModelConfigur
     @Override
     public ChatModel configureChatModel(AzureOpenAiChatModelConfig chatModelConfig) {
         AzureOpenAiProviderConfig providerConfig = chatModelConfig.providerConfig();
+        validateBaseUrl(providerConfig.endpoint());
         return AzureOpenAiChatModel.builder()
                 .endpoint(providerConfig.endpoint())
                 .serviceVersion(providerConfig.serviceVersion())
@@ -273,6 +277,7 @@ class Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl implements Langchain4jChatModelConfigur
 
     @Override
     public ChatModel configureChatModel(OllamaChatModelConfig chatModelConfig) {
+        validateBaseUrl(chatModelConfig.providerConfig().baseUrl());
         var builder = OllamaChatModel.builder()
                 .baseUrl(chatModelConfig.providerConfig().baseUrl())
                 .modelName(chatModelConfig.modelId())
@@ -300,6 +305,10 @@ class Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl implements Langchain4jChatModelConfigur
         return builder.build();
     }
 
+    private static void validateBaseUrl(String url) {
+        SsrfProtectionValidator.validateUri(URI.create(url));
+    }
+
     private static Duration toDuration(Integer timeoutSeconds) {
         return timeoutSeconds != null ? Duration.ofSeconds(timeoutSeconds) : null;
     }

application/src/test/java/org/thingsboard/server/controller/AiModelControllerTest.java

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import com.datastax.oss.driver.api.core.uuid.Uuids;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
+import org.thingsboard.common.util.SsrfProtectionValidator;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.EntityType;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.AiModel;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.model.chat.AnthropicChatModelConfig;
@@ -136,6 +137,37 @@ public class AiModelControllerTest extends AbstractControllerTest {
         assertThat(updatedModel.getExternalId()).isNull();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void saveAiModel_whenBaseUrlIsPrivateIp_shouldReturnBadRequest() throws Exception {
+        // GIVEN
+        loginTenantAdmin();
+        SsrfProtectionValidator.setEnabled(true);
+
+        try {
+            var modelConfig = OpenAiChatModelConfig.builder()
+                    .providerConfig(OpenAiProviderConfig.builder()
+                            .baseUrl("http://172.17.0.1:22/")
+                            .apiKey("test-api-key")
+                            .build())
+                    .modelId("gpt-4o")
+                    .build();
+
+            AiModel model = AiModel.builder()
+                    .tenantId(tenantId)
+                    .name("SSRF test model")
+                    .configuration(modelConfig)
+                    .build();
+
+            // WHEN
+            ResultActions result = doPost("/api/ai/model", model);
+
+            // THEN
+            result.andExpect(status().isBadRequest());
+        } finally {
+            SsrfProtectionValidator.setEnabled(false);
+        }
+    }
+
     /* --- Get by ID API tests --- */
 
     @Test

application/src/test/java/org/thingsboard/server/service/ai/Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImplTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright © 2016-2026 The Thingsboard Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.thingsboard.server.service.ai;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.parallel.ResourceLock;
+import org.thingsboard.common.util.SsrfProtectionValidator;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.model.chat.AzureOpenAiChatModelConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.model.chat.OllamaChatModelConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.model.chat.OpenAiChatModelConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.provider.AzureOpenAiProviderConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.provider.OllamaProviderConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.provider.OpenAiProviderConfig;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+@ResourceLock("SsrfProtectionValidator")
+class Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImplTest {
+
+    private final Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl configurer = new Langchain4jChatModelConfigurerImpl();
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void enableSsrfProtection() {
+        SsrfProtectionValidator.setEnabled(true);
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void disableSsrfProtection() {
+        SsrfProtectionValidator.setEnabled(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void configureChatModel_openAi_withPrivateIp_shouldThrow() {
+        var config = OpenAiChatModelConfig.builder()
+                .providerConfig(OpenAiProviderConfig.builder()
+                        .baseUrl("http://172.17.0.1:8080/")
+                        .apiKey("test")
+                        .build())
+                .modelId("gpt-4o")
+                .build();
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> configurer.configureChatModel(config))
+                .isInstanceOf(RuntimeException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("URI is invalid");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void configureChatModel_openAi_withLocalhostUrl_shouldThrow() {
+        var config = OpenAiChatModelConfig.builder()
+                .providerConfig(OpenAiProviderConfig.builder()
+                        .baseUrl("http://localhost:22/")
+                        .apiKey("test")
+                        .build())
+                .modelId("gpt-4o")
+                .build();
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> configurer.configureChatModel(config))
+                .isInstanceOf(RuntimeException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("URI is invalid");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void configureChatModel_azureOpenAi_withPrivateIp_shouldThrow() {
+        var config = AzureOpenAiChatModelConfig.builder()
+                .providerConfig(new AzureOpenAiProviderConfig(
+                        "http://10.0.0.1:8080/", null, "test-key"))
+                .modelId("gpt-4o")
+                .build();
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> configurer.configureChatModel(config))
+                .isInstanceOf(RuntimeException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("URI is invalid");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void configureChatModel_ollama_withPrivateIp_shouldThrow() {
+        var config = OllamaChatModelConfig.builder()
+                .providerConfig(new OllamaProviderConfig(
+                        "http://192.168.1.100:11434/", new OllamaProviderConfig.OllamaAuth.None()))
+                .modelId("llama3")
+                .build();
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> configurer.configureChatModel(config))
+                .isInstanceOf(RuntimeException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("URI is invalid");
+    }
+
+}

dao/src/main/java/org/thingsboard/server/dao/service/validator/AiModelDataValidator.java

@@ -17,13 +17,19 @@ package org.thingsboard.server.dao.service.validator;
 
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.thingsboard.common.util.SsrfProtectionValidator;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.AiModel;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.provider.AiProviderConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.provider.AzureOpenAiProviderConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.provider.OllamaProviderConfig;
+import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.ai.provider.OpenAiProviderConfig;
 import org.thingsboard.server.common.data.id.TenantId;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.ai.AiModelDao;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.exception.DataValidationException;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.service.DataValidator;
 import org.thingsboard.server.dao.tenant.TenantService;
 
+import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 @Component
@@ -64,6 +70,26 @@ class AiModelDataValidator extends DataValidator<AiModel> {
         if (!tenantService.tenantExists(tenantId)) {
             throw new DataValidationException("AI model reference a non-existent tenant!");
         }
+
+        // provider URL SSRF validation
+        if (model.getConfiguration() != null) {
+            AiProviderConfig providerConfig = model.getConfiguration().providerConfig();
+            String url = null;
+            if (providerConfig instanceof OpenAiProviderConfig c) {
+                url = c.baseUrl();
+            } else if (providerConfig instanceof AzureOpenAiProviderConfig c) {
+                url = c.endpoint();
+            } else if (providerConfig instanceof OllamaProviderConfig c) {
+                url = c.baseUrl();
+            }
+            if (url != null) {
+                try {
+                    SsrfProtectionValidator.validateUri(URI.create(url));
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    throw new DataValidationException("AI model provider URL is not allowed: " + e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
 }