Code Style & Inspections

MathNet.Numerics.sln.DotSettings

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <wpf:ResourceDictionary xml:space="preserve" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:s="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib" xmlns:ss="urn:shemas-jetbrains-com:settings-storage-xaml" xmlns:wpf="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation">
 	<s:Boolean x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/ExcludedFiles/FileMasksToSkip/=_002A_002Ecshtml/@EntryIndexedValue">True</s:Boolean>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=ForCanBeConvertedToForeach/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeInspection/Highlighting/InspectionSeverities/=LoopCanBeConvertedToQuery/@EntryIndexedValue">HINT</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/CodeCleanup/Profiles/=Full_0020Cleanup_0020_0028Math_002ENET_0029/@EntryIndexedValue">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?&gt;&lt;Profile name="Full Cleanup (Math.NET)"&gt;&lt;CSArrangeThisQualifier&gt;True&lt;/CSArrangeThisQualifier&gt;&lt;CSRemoveCodeRedundancies&gt;True&lt;/CSRemoveCodeRedundancies&gt;&lt;CSUseAutoProperty&gt;True&lt;/CSUseAutoProperty&gt;&lt;CSMakeFieldReadonly&gt;True&lt;/CSMakeFieldReadonly&gt;&lt;CSUpdateFileHeader&gt;True&lt;/CSUpdateFileHeader&gt;&lt;CSOptimizeUsings&gt;&lt;OptimizeUsings&gt;True&lt;/OptimizeUsings&gt;&lt;EmbraceInRegion&gt;False&lt;/EmbraceInRegion&gt;&lt;RegionName&gt;&lt;/RegionName&gt;&lt;/CSOptimizeUsings&gt;&lt;CSShortenReferences&gt;True&lt;/CSShortenReferences&gt;&lt;CSReformatCode&gt;True&lt;/CSReformatCode&gt;&lt;XMLReformatCode&gt;True&lt;/XMLReformatCode&gt;&lt;CssAlphabetizeProperties&gt;True&lt;/CssAlphabetizeProperties&gt;&lt;CssReformatCode&gt;True&lt;/CssReformatCode&gt;&lt;JsReformatCode&gt;True&lt;/JsReformatCode&gt;&lt;JsInsertSemicolon&gt;True&lt;/JsInsertSemicolon&gt;&lt;VBFormatDocComments&gt;True&lt;/VBFormatDocComments&gt;&lt;VBReformatCode&gt;True&lt;/VBReformatCode&gt;&lt;VBShortenReferences&gt;True&lt;/VBShortenReferences&gt;&lt;VBOptimizeImports&gt;True&lt;/VBOptimizeImports&gt;&lt;HtmlReformatCode&gt;True&lt;/HtmlReformatCode&gt;&lt;AspOptimizeRegisterDirectives&gt;True&lt;/AspOptimizeRegisterDirectives&gt;&lt;CSReorderTypeMembers&gt;True&lt;/CSReorderTypeMembers&gt;&lt;CSUseVar&gt;&lt;BehavourStyle&gt;CAN_CHANGE_BOTH&lt;/BehavourStyle&gt;&lt;LocalVariableStyle&gt;IMPLICIT_WHEN_INITIALIZER_HAS_TYPE&lt;/LocalVariableStyle&gt;&lt;ForeachVariableStyle&gt;ALWAYS_EXPLICIT&lt;/ForeachVariableStyle&gt;&lt;/CSUseVar&gt;&lt;/Profile&gt;</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/CodeCleanup/RecentlyUsedProfile/@EntryValue">Full Cleanup (Math.NET)</s:String>
 	<s:Boolean x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/CodeFormatting/CSharpFormat/ALIGN_LINQ_QUERY/@EntryValue">False</s:Boolean>
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.&#xD;
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CSharpNaming/Abbreviations/=MKL/@EntryIndexedValue">MKL</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CSharpNaming/Abbreviations/=MSE/@EntryIndexedValue">MSE</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CSharpNaming/Abbreviations/=PDF/@EntryIndexedValue">PDF</s:String>
+	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CSharpNaming/Abbreviations/=PMF/@EntryIndexedValue">PMF</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CSharpNaming/Abbreviations/=QR/@EntryIndexedValue">QR</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CSharpNaming/Abbreviations/=SAD/@EntryIndexedValue">SAD</s:String>
 	<s:String x:Key="/Default/CodeStyle/Naming/CSharpNaming/Abbreviations/=SAS/@EntryIndexedValue">SAS</s:String>

src/Numerics/Distributions/Cauchy.cs

@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Distributions
         {
             if (scale <= 0.0) throw new ArgumentException(Resources.InvalidDistributionParameters);
 
-            return SampleUnchecked(SystemRandomSource.Default, location, scale);
+            return SampleUnchecked(rnd, location, scale);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Numerics/Distributions/Dirichlet.cs

@@ -129,17 +129,11 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Distributions
         {
             var allzero = true;
 
-            foreach (var t in alpha)
+            for (int i = 0; i < alpha.Length; i++)
             {
-                if (t < 0.0)
+                var t = alpha[i];
-                {
+                if (t < 0.0) return false;
-                    return false;
+                if (t > 0.0) allzero = false;
-                }
-
-                if (t > 0.0)
-                {
-                    allzero = false;
-                }
             }
 
             return !allzero;

src/Numerics/Exceptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+using System;
+using MathNet.Numerics.Properties;
+
+namespace MathNet.Numerics
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An algorithm failed to converge.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Serializable]
+    public class NonConvergenceException : Exception
+    {
+        public NonConvergenceException() : base(Resources.ConvergenceFailed)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public NonConvergenceException(string message) : base(message)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public NonConvergenceException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException)
+        {
+        }
+#if !PORTABLE
+        protected NonConvergenceException(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info, System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context)
+            : base(info, context)
+        {
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An algorithm failed to converge due to a numerical breakdown.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Serializable]
+    public class NumericalBreakdownException : NonConvergenceException
+    {
+        public NumericalBreakdownException()
+            : base(Resources.NumericalBreakdown)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public NumericalBreakdownException(string message)
+            : base(message)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public NumericalBreakdownException(string message, Exception innerException)
+            : base(message, innerException)
+        {
+        }
+#if !PORTABLE
+        protected NumericalBreakdownException(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info, System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context)
+            : base(info, context)
+        {
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+}

src/Numerics/Generate.cs

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
         /// </summary>
         public static double[] LinearRange(double start, double step, double stop)
         {
-            if (start == stop) return new double[] { start };
+            if (start == stop) return new[] { start };
             if (start < stop && step < 0 || start > stop && step > 0 || step == 0d)
             {
                 return new double[0];
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
         /// </summary>
         public static T[] LinearRangeMap<T>(double start, double step, double stop, Func<double, T> map)
         {
-            if (start == stop) return new T[] { map(start) };
+            if (start == stop) return new[] { map(start) };
             if (start < stop && step < 0 || start > stop && step > 0 || step == 0d)
             {
                 return new T[0];

src/Numerics/Interpolate.cs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
         /// </returns>
         public static IInterpolation Common(IEnumerable<double> points, IEnumerable<double> values)
         {
-            return Interpolation.Barycentric.InterpolateRationalFloaterHormann(points, values);
+            return Barycentric.InterpolateRationalFloaterHormann(points, values);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
         /// </returns>
         public static IInterpolation RationalWithoutPoles(IEnumerable<double> points, IEnumerable<double> values)
         {
-            return Interpolation.Barycentric.InterpolateRationalFloaterHormann(points, values);
+            return Barycentric.InterpolateRationalFloaterHormann(points, values);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics
         /// </remarks>
         public static IInterpolation PolynomialEquidistant(IEnumerable<double> points, IEnumerable<double> values)
         {
-            return Interpolation.Barycentric.InterpolatePolynomialEquidistant(points, values);
+            return Barycentric.InterpolatePolynomialEquidistant(points, values);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex/DenseVector.cs

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex
         {
             if (vector == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("vector");
             }
 
             return vector.Values;
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex
         {
             if (array == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("array");
             }
 
             return new DenseVector(array);

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex/DiagonalMatrix.cs

@@ -58,8 +58,6 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex
     [DebuggerDisplay("DiagonalMatrix {RowCount}x{ColumnCount}-Complex")]
     public class DiagonalMatrix : Matrix
     {
-        readonly DiagonalMatrixStorage<Complex> _storage;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the matrix's data.
         /// </summary>
@@ -75,8 +73,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex
         public DiagonalMatrix(DiagonalMatrixStorage<Complex> storage)
             : base(storage)
         {
-            _storage = storage;
+            _data = storage.Data;
-            _data = _storage.Data;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex/Solvers/BiCgStab.cs

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Solvers
                 if (currentRho.Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && currentRho.Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Rho-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterationNumber != 0)
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Solvers
                 if (omega.Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && omega.Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Omega-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterator.DetermineStatus(iterationNumber, result, input, residuals) != IterationStatus.Continue)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex/Solvers/MILU0Preconditioner.cs

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Solvers
             var csr = matrix.Storage as SparseCompressedRowMatrixStorage<Complex>;
             if (csr == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be in sparse storage format", "matrix");
+                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.MatrixMustBeSparse, "matrix");
             }
 
             // Dimension of matrix
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Solvers
             int code = Compute(n, a, ja, ia, _alu, _jlu, _diag, UseModified);
             if (code > -1)
             {
-                throw new Exception("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
+                throw new NumericalBreakdownException("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
             }
 
             IsInitialized = true;

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex/Solvers/MlkBiCgStab.cs

@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Solvers
                 c[k - 1] = _startingVectors[0].ConjugateDotProduct(w[k - 1]);
                 if (c[k - 1].Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && c[k - 1].Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 // alpha_(jk+1) = q^T_1 r_((j-1)k+k) / c_((j-1)k+k)
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Solvers
                     beta = rho*c[k - 1];
                     if (beta.Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && beta.Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                     {
-                        throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                        throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                     }
 
                     // beta^(jk+i)_((j-1)k+k) = -(q^T_1 (r_(jk+1) + rho_(j+1) z_w)) / (rho_(j+1) c_((j-1)k+k))
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Solvers
                         c[i] = _startingVectors[i + 1].ConjugateDotProduct(d[i]);
                         if (c[i].Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && c[i].Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                         {
-                            throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                            throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                         }
 
                         // alpha_(jk+i+1) = q^T_(i+1) u_(jk+i) / c_(jk+i)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex32/DenseVector.cs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32
         {
             if (vector == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("vector");
             }
 
             return vector.Values;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32
         {
             if (array == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("array");
             }
 
             return new DenseVector(array);

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex32/DiagonalMatrix.cs

@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32
     [DebuggerDisplay("DiagonalMatrix {RowCount}x{ColumnCount}-Complex32")]
     public class DiagonalMatrix : Matrix
     {
-        readonly DiagonalMatrixStorage<Complex32> _storage;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the matrix's data.
         /// </summary>
@@ -70,8 +68,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32
         public DiagonalMatrix(DiagonalMatrixStorage<Complex32> storage)
             : base(storage)
         {
-            _storage = storage;
+            _data = storage.Data;
-            _data = _storage.Data;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex32/Solvers/BiCgStab.cs

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Solvers
                 if (currentRho.Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && currentRho.Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Rho-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterationNumber != 0)
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Solvers
                 if (omega.Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && omega.Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Omega-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterator.DetermineStatus(iterationNumber, result, input, residuals) != IterationStatus.Continue)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex32/Solvers/MILU0Preconditioner.cs

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Solvers
             var csr = matrix.Storage as SparseCompressedRowMatrixStorage<Complex32>;
             if (csr == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be in sparse storage format", "matrix");
+                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.MatrixMustBeSparse, "matrix");
             }
 
             // Dimension of matrix
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Solvers
             int code = Compute(n, a, ja, ia, _alu, _jlu, _diag, UseModified);
             if (code > -1)
             {
-                throw new Exception("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
+                throw new NumericalBreakdownException("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
             }
 
             IsInitialized = true;

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Complex32/Solvers/MlkBiCgStab.cs

@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Solvers
                 c[k - 1] = _startingVectors[0].ConjugateDotProduct(w[k - 1]);
                 if (c[k - 1].Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && c[k - 1].Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 // alpha_(jk+1) = q^T_1 r_((j-1)k+k) / c_((j-1)k+k)
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Solvers
                     beta = rho*c[k - 1];
                     if (beta.Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && beta.Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                     {
-                        throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                        throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                     }
 
                     // beta^(jk+i)_((j-1)k+k) = -(q^T_1 (r_(jk+1) + rho_(j+1) z_w)) / (rho_(j+1) c_((j-1)k+k))
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Solvers
                         c[i] = _startingVectors[i + 1].ConjugateDotProduct(d[i]);
                         if (c[i].Real.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1) && c[i].Imaginary.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                         {
-                            throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                            throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                         }
 
                         // alpha_(jk+i+1) = q^T_(i+1) u_(jk+i) / c_(jk+i)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Double/DenseVector.cs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double
         {
             if (vector == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("vector");
             }
 
             return vector.Values;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double
         {
             if (array == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("array");
             }
 
             return new DenseVector(array);

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Double/DiagonalMatrix.cs

@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double
     [DebuggerDisplay("DiagonalMatrix {RowCount}x{ColumnCount}-Double")]
     public class DiagonalMatrix : Matrix
     {
-        readonly DiagonalMatrixStorage<double> _storage;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the matrix's data.
         /// </summary>
@@ -69,8 +67,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double
         public DiagonalMatrix(DiagonalMatrixStorage<double> storage)
             : base(storage)
         {
-            _storage = storage;
+            _data = storage.Data;
-            _data = _storage.Data;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Double/Solvers/BiCgStab.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // http://github.com/mathnet/mathnet-numerics
 // http://mathnetnumerics.codeplex.com
 //
-// Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Math.NET
+// Copyright (c) 2009-2014 Math.NET
 //
 // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 // obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double.Solvers
                 if (currentRho.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Rho-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterationNumber != 0)
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double.Solvers
                 if (omega.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Omega-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterator.DetermineStatus(iterationNumber, result, input, residuals) != IterationStatus.Continue)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Double/Solvers/MILU0Preconditioner.cs

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double.Solvers
             var csr = matrix.Storage as SparseCompressedRowMatrixStorage<double>;
             if (csr == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be in sparse storage format", "matrix");
+                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.MatrixMustBeSparse, "matrix");
             }
 
             // Dimension of matrix
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double.Solvers
             int code = Compute(n, a, ja, ia, _alu, _jlu, _diag, UseModified);
             if (code > -1)
             {
-                throw new Exception("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
+                throw new NumericalBreakdownException("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
             }
 
             IsInitialized = true;

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Double/Solvers/MlkBiCgStab.cs

@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double.Solvers
                 c[k - 1] = _startingVectors[0].DotProduct(w[k - 1]);
                 if (c[k - 1].AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 // alpha_(jk+1) = q^T_1 r_((j-1)k+k) / c_((j-1)k+k)
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double.Solvers
                     beta = rho*c[k - 1];
                     if (beta.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                     {
-                        throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                        throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                     }
 
                     // beta^(jk+i)_((j-1)k+k) = -(q^T_1 (r_(jk+1) + rho_(j+1) z_w)) / (rho_(j+1) c_((j-1)k+k))
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Double.Solvers
                         c[i] = _startingVectors[i + 1].DotProduct(d[i]);
                         if (c[i].AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                         {
-                            throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                            throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                         }
 
                         // alpha_(jk+i+1) = q^T_(i+1) u_(jk+i) / c_(jk+i)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Single/DenseVector.cs

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single
         {
             if (vector == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("vector");
             }
 
             return vector.Values;
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single
         {
             if (array == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("array");
             }
 
             return new DenseVector(array);

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Single/DiagonalMatrix.cs

@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single
     [DebuggerDisplay("DiagonalMatrix {RowCount}x{ColumnCount}-Single")]
     public class DiagonalMatrix : Matrix
     {
-        readonly DiagonalMatrixStorage<float> _storage;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the matrix's data.
         /// </summary>
@@ -69,8 +67,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single
         public DiagonalMatrix(DiagonalMatrixStorage<float> storage)
             : base(storage)
         {
-            _storage = storage;
+            _data = storage.Data;
-            _data = _storage.Data;
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Single/Solvers/BiCgStab.cs

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single.Solvers
                 if (currentRho.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Rho-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterationNumber != 0)
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single.Solvers
                 if (omega.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
                     // Omega-type breakdown
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 if (iterator.DetermineStatus(iterationNumber, result, input, residuals) != IterationStatus.Continue)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Single/Solvers/MILU0Preconditioner.cs

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single.Solvers
             var csr = matrix.Storage as SparseCompressedRowMatrixStorage<float>;
             if (csr == null)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException("Matrix must be in sparse storage format", "matrix");
+                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.MatrixMustBeSparse, "matrix");
             }
 
             // Dimension of matrix
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single.Solvers
             int code = Compute(n, a, ja, ia, _alu, _jlu, _diag, UseModified);
             if (code > -1)
             {
-                throw new Exception("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
+                throw new NumericalBreakdownException("Zero pivot encountered on row " + code + " during ILU process");
             }
 
             IsInitialized = true;

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Single/Solvers/MlkBiCgStab.cs

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single.Solvers
                 c[k - 1] = _startingVectors[0].DotProduct(w[k - 1]);
                 if (c[k - 1].AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                 {
-                    throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                    throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                 }
 
                 // alpha_(jk+1) = q^T_1 r_((j-1)k+k) / c_((j-1)k+k)
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single.Solvers
                     beta = rho*c[k - 1];
                     if (beta.AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                     {
-                        throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                        throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                     }
 
                     // beta^(jk+i)_((j-1)k+k) = -(q^T_1 (r_(jk+1) + rho_(j+1) z_w)) / (rho_(j+1) c_((j-1)k+k))
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Single.Solvers
                         c[i] = _startingVectors[i + 1].DotProduct(d[i]);
                         if (c[i].AlmostEqualNumbersBetween(0, 1))
                         {
-                            throw new Exception("Iterative solver experience a numerical break down");
+                            throw new NumericalBreakdownException();
                         }
 
                         // alpha_(jk+i+1) = q^T_(i+1) u_(jk+i) / c_(jk+i)

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Storage/DiagonalMatrixStorage.cs

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Storage
                     }
                     else if (!Zero.Equals(array[i, j]))
                     {
-                        throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("Cannot set an off-diagonal element in a diagonal matrix.");
+                        throw new ArgumentException("Cannot set an off-diagonal element in a diagonal matrix.");
                     }
                 }
             }

src/Numerics/LinearAlgebra/Storage/SparseCompressedRowMatrixStorage.cs

@@ -1799,11 +1799,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Storage
 
         internal override void FoldColumnsUnchecked<TU>(VectorStorage<TU> target, Func<TU, T, TU> f, Func<TU, int, TU> finalize, VectorStorage<TU> state, Zeros zeros = Zeros.AllowSkip)
         {
-            var denseResult = target as DenseVectorStorage<TU>;
+            var denseResult = target as DenseVectorStorage<TU> ?? new DenseVectorStorage<TU>(ColumnCount);
-            if (denseResult == null)
-            {
-                denseResult = new DenseVectorStorage<TU>(ColumnCount);
-            }
 
             state.CopyTo(denseResult);
             TU[] result = denseResult.Data;

src/Numerics/NonConvergenceException.cs

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using MathNet.Numerics.Properties;
-
-namespace MathNet.Numerics
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// An algorithm failed to converge.
-    /// </summary>
-    public class NonConvergenceException : Exception
-    {
-        public NonConvergenceException() : base(Resources.ConvergenceFailed)
-        {
-        }
-
-        public NonConvergenceException(string message) : base(message)
-        {
-        }
-
-        public NonConvergenceException(string message, Exception innerException) : base(message, innerException)
-        {
-        }
-#if !PORTABLE
-        protected NonConvergenceException(System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo info, System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext context)
-            : base(info, context)
-        {
-        }
-#endif
-    }
-}

src/Numerics/Numerics.csproj

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
     <Compile Include="LinearAlgebra\Vector.Arithmetic.cs" />
     <Compile Include="LinearAlgebra\Vector.BCL.cs" />
     <Compile Include="LinearAlgebra\Vector.Operators.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="NonConvergenceException.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Exceptions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Random\SystemRandomSource.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Random\RandomSeed.cs" />
     <Compile Include="RootFinding\Broyden.cs" />

src/Numerics/Properties/Resources.Designer.cs

@@ -654,6 +654,24 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Properties {
             }
         }
         
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Lag must be positive.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string LagMustBePositive {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LagMustBePositive", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Lag must be smaller than the sample size.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string LagMustBeSmallerThanTheSampleSize {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("LagMustBeSmallerThanTheSampleSize", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
         /// <summary>
         ///   Looks up a localized string similar to ddd MMM dd HH:mm:ss yyyy.
         /// </summary>
@@ -672,6 +690,15 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Properties {
             }
         }
         
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Matrix must be in sparse storage format.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string MatrixMustBeSparse {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("MatrixMustBeSparse", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
         /// <summary>
         ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The number of rows of a matrix must be positive..
         /// </summary>
@@ -726,6 +753,16 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Properties {
             }
         }
         
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Looks up a localized string similar to Algorithm experience a numerical break down
+        ///.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NumericalBreakdown {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("NumericalBreakdown", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
         /// <summary>
         ///   Looks up a localized string similar to The two arguments can&apos;t be compared (maybe they are part of a partial ordering?).
         /// </summary>

src/Numerics/Properties/Resources.resx

@@ -390,4 +390,17 @@
   <data name="RootFindingFailedRecommendRobustNewtonRaphson" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The algorithm has failed, exceeded the number of iterations allowed or there is no root within the provided bounds. Consider to use RobustNewtonRaphson instead.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="NumericalBreakdown" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Algorithm experience a numerical break down
+</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="LagMustBePositive" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Lag must be positive</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="LagMustBeSmallerThanTheSampleSize" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Lag must be smaller than the sample size</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="MatrixMustBeSparse" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Matrix must be in sparse storage format</value>
+  </data>
 </root>

src/Numerics/Providers/LinearAlgebra/ManagedLinearAlgebraProvider.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Providers.LinearAlgebra
     public partial class ManagedLinearAlgebraProvider : ILinearAlgebraProvider
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Initialize and verify that the provided is indeed available. If not, fall back to alernatives like the managed provider
+        /// Initialize and verify that the provided is indeed available. If not, fall back to alternatives like the managed provider
         /// </summary>
         public virtual void InitializeVerify()
         {

src/Numerics/Providers/LinearAlgebra/Mkl/SafeNativeMethods.cs

@@ -266,28 +266,28 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Providers.LinearAlgebra.Mkl
         internal static extern int z_qr_solve_factored(int m, int n, int bn, Complex[] r, Complex[] b, Complex[] tau, [In, Out] Complex[] x, [In, Out] Complex[] work, int len);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int s_svd_factor(bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] float[] a, [In, Out] float[] s, [In, Out] float[] u, [In, Out] float[] v, [In, Out] float[] work, int len);
+        internal static extern int s_svd_factor([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] float[] a, [In, Out] float[] s, [In, Out] float[] u, [In, Out] float[] v, [In, Out] float[] work, int len);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int d_svd_factor(bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] double[] a, [In, Out] double[] s, [In, Out] double[] u, [In, Out] double[] v, [In, Out] double[] work, int len);
+        internal static extern int d_svd_factor([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] double[] a, [In, Out] double[] s, [In, Out] double[] u, [In, Out] double[] v, [In, Out] double[] work, int len);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int c_svd_factor(bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] Complex32[] a, [In, Out] Complex32[] s, [In, Out] Complex32[] u, [In, Out] Complex32[] v, [In, Out] Complex32[] work, int len);
+        internal static extern int c_svd_factor([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] Complex32[] a, [In, Out] Complex32[] s, [In, Out] Complex32[] u, [In, Out] Complex32[] v, [In, Out] Complex32[] work, int len);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int z_svd_factor(bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] Complex[] a, [In, Out] Complex[] s, [In, Out] Complex[] u, [In, Out] Complex[] v, [In, Out] Complex[] work, int len);
+        internal static extern int z_svd_factor([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool computeVectors, int m, int n, [In, Out] Complex[] a, [In, Out] Complex[] s, [In, Out] Complex[] u, [In, Out] Complex[] v, [In, Out] Complex[] work, int len);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int s_eigen(bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] float[] a, [In, Out] float[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] float[] d);
+        internal static extern int s_eigen([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] float[] a, [In, Out] float[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] float[] d);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int d_eigen(bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] double[] a, [In, Out] double[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] double[] d);
+        internal static extern int d_eigen([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] double[] a, [In, Out] double[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] double[] d);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int c_eigen(bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] Complex32[] a, [In, Out] Complex32[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] Complex32[] d);
+        internal static extern int c_eigen([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] Complex32[] a, [In, Out] Complex32[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] Complex32[] d);
 
         [DllImport(DllName, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-        internal static extern int z_eigen(bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] Complex[] a, [In, Out] Complex[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] Complex[] d);
+        internal static extern int z_eigen([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] bool isSymmetric, int n, [In] Complex[] a, [In, Out] Complex[] vectors, [In, Out] Complex[] values, [In, Out] Complex[] d);
 
         #endregion LAPACK
 

src/Numerics/Random/CryptoRandomSource.cs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Random
     /// <summary>
     /// A random number generator based on the <see cref="System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator"/> class in the .NET library.
     /// </summary>
-    public class CryptoRandomSource : RandomSource, IDisposable
+    public sealed class CryptoRandomSource : RandomSource, IDisposable
     {
         const double Reciprocal = 1.0/uint.MaxValue;
         readonly RandomNumberGenerator _crypto;
@@ -112,9 +112,18 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Random
         /// <remarks>Supports being called in parallel from multiple threads.</remarks>
         public static void Doubles(double[] values)
         {
-            var rnd = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
             var bytes = new byte[values.Length*4];
+
+#if !NET35
+            using (var rnd = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
+            {
+                rnd.GetBytes(bytes);
+            }
+#else
+            var rnd = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
             rnd.GetBytes(bytes);
+#endif
+
             for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
             {
                 values[i] = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, i*4)*Reciprocal;

src/Numerics/Random/Palf.cs

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Random
 
             if (longLag <= shortLag)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException("longLag");
+                throw new ArgumentException(Resources.ArgumentLowerBoundLargerThanUpperBound, "longLag");
             }
 
             if (seed == 0)

src/Numerics/Statistics/DescriptiveStatistics.cs

@@ -250,15 +250,15 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Statistics
                 decimal xi = (decimal)x;
                 decimal delta = xi - mean;
                 decimal scaleDelta = delta/++n;
-                decimal scaleDeltaSQR = scaleDelta*scaleDelta;
+                decimal scaleDelta2 = scaleDelta*scaleDelta;
                 decimal tmpDelta = delta*(n - 1);
 
                 mean += scaleDelta;
 
-                kurtosis += tmpDelta*scaleDelta*scaleDeltaSQR*(n*n - 3*n + 3)
+                kurtosis += tmpDelta*scaleDelta*scaleDelta2*(n*n - 3*n + 3)
-                            + 6*scaleDeltaSQR*variance - 4*scaleDelta*skewness;
+                            + 6*scaleDelta2*variance - 4*scaleDelta*skewness;
 
-                skewness += tmpDelta*scaleDeltaSQR*(n - 2) - 3*scaleDelta*variance;
+                skewness += tmpDelta*scaleDelta2*(n - 2) - 3*scaleDelta*variance;
                 variance += tmpDelta*scaleDelta;
                 if (minimum > xi)
                 {

src/Numerics/Statistics/Histogram.cs

@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Statistics
         {
             if (lower > upper)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("upper", "The histogram lowerbound must be smaller than the upper bound.");
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("upper", "The histogram lower bound must be smaller than the upper bound.");
             }
 
             if (nbuckets < 1)

src/Numerics/Statistics/MCMC/MCMCDiagnostics.cs

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using MathNet.Numerics.Properties;
 
 namespace MathNet.Numerics.Statistics.Mcmc
 {
@@ -53,13 +54,13 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Statistics.Mcmc
         {
             if (lag < 0)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("lag", "Lag must be positive");
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("lag", Resources.LagMustBePositive);
             }
 
             int length = series.Count();
             if (lag >= length)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("lag", "Lag must be smaller than the sample size");
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("lag", Resources.LagMustBeSmallerThanTheSampleSize);
             }
 
             var transformedSeries = series.Select(f);

src/Numerics/Statistics/MCMC/MCMCSampler.cs

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.Statistics.Mcmc
             {
                 if (value == null)
                 {
-                    throw new ArgumentNullException();
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException("value");
                 }
                 _randomNumberGenerator = value;
             }

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/BetaTests.cs

@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetShapeA(double a)
         {
-            new Beta(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Beta(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 A = a
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetShapeB(double b)
         {
-            new Beta(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Beta(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 B = b
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = Beta.Samples(new Random(0), 2.0, 3.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Beta(2.0, 3.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/CauchyTests.cs

@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(1.0)]
         public void CanSetLocation(double location)
         {
-            new Cauchy
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Cauchy
             {
                 Location = location
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(12.0)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Cauchy
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Cauchy
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Cauchy();
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/ChiSquareTests.cs

@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetDoF(double dof)
         {
-            new ChiSquared(1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new ChiSquared(1.0)
             {
                 DegreesOfFreedom = dof
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new ChiSquared(1.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/ChiTests.cs

@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetDoF(double dof)
         {
-            new Chi(1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Chi(1.0)
             {
                 DegreesOfFreedom = dof
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Chi(1.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/ContinuousUniformTests.cs

@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(1.0)]
         public void CanSetLower(double lower)
         {
-            new ContinuousUniform
+            GC.KeepAlive(new ContinuousUniform
             {
                 LowerBound = lower
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(12.0)]
         public void CanSetUpper(double upper)
         {
-            new ContinuousUniform
+            GC.KeepAlive(new ContinuousUniform
             {
                 UpperBound = upper
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = ContinuousUniform.Samples(new Random(0), 0.0, 1.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new ContinuousUniform();
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/ErlangTests.cs

@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(10)]
         public void CanSetShape(int shape)
         {
-            new Erlang(1, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Erlang(1, 1.0)
             {
                 Shape = shape
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -158,10 +158,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Erlang(1, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Erlang(1, 1.0)
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetInvScale(double invScale)
         {
-            new Erlang(1, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Erlang(1, 1.0)
             {
                 Rate = invScale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Erlang(1, 2.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/ExponentialTests.cs

@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetLambda(double lambda)
         {
-            new Exponential(1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Exponential(1.0)
             {
                 Rate = lambda
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Exponential(1.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/FisherSnedecorTests.cs

@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetDegreesOfFreedom1(double d1)
         {
-            new FisherSnedecor(1.0, 2.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new FisherSnedecor(1.0, 2.0)
             {
                 DegreesOfFreedom1 = d1
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetDegreesOfFreedom2(double d2)
         {
-            new FisherSnedecor(1.0, 2.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new FisherSnedecor(1.0, 2.0)
             {
                 DegreesOfFreedom2 = d2
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new FisherSnedecor(1.0, 2.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         [TestCase(0.1, 0.1, 1.0)]

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/GammaTests.cs

@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetShape(double shape)
         {
-            new Gamma(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Gamma(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Shape = shape
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Gamma(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Gamma(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetInvScale(double invScale)
         {
-            new Gamma(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Gamma(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Rate = invScale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = Gamma.Samples(new Random(0), 1.0, 1.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Normal();
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/InverseGammaTests.cs

@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetA(double a)
         {
-            new InverseGamma(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new InverseGamma(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Shape = a
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -125,10 +125,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetB(double b)
         {
-            new InverseGamma(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new InverseGamma(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Scale = b
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new InverseGamma(1.0, 1.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/LaplaceTests.cs

@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetLocation(double location)
         {
-            new Laplace
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Laplace
             {
                 Location = location
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Laplace
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Laplace
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Laplace();
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/LogNormalTests.cs

@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetSigma(double sigma)
         {
-            new LogNormal(1.0, 2.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new LogNormal(1.0, 2.0)
             {
                 Sigma = sigma
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetMu(double mu)
         {
-            new LogNormal(1.0, 2.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new LogNormal(1.0, 2.0)
             {
                 Mu = mu
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = LogNormal.Samples(new Random(0), 0.0, 1.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new LogNormal(1.0, 2.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/NormalTests.cs

@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetPrecision(double prec)
         {
-            new Normal
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Normal
             {
                 Precision = prec
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -251,10 +251,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetMean(double mean)
         {
-            new Normal
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Normal
             {
                 Mean = mean
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = Normal.Samples(new Random(0), 0.0, 1.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Normal();
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/ParetoTests.cs

@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Pareto(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Pareto(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetShape(double shape)
         {
-            new Pareto(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Pareto(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Shape = shape
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Pareto(1.0, 1.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/RayleighTests.cs

@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Rayleigh(1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Rayleigh(1.0)
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Rayleigh(1.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/StableTests.cs

@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(2.0)]
         public void CanSetAlpha(double alpha)
         {
-            new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Alpha = alpha
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -145,10 +145,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(1.0)]
         public void CanSetBeta(double beta)
         {
-            new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Beta = beta
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -176,10 +176,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -208,10 +208,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetLocation(double location)
         {
-            new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Location = location
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Stable(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/StudentTTests.cs

@@ -112,10 +112,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetLocation(double loc)
         {
-            new StudentT
+            GC.KeepAlive(new StudentT
             {
                 Location = loc
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new StudentT
+            GC.KeepAlive(new StudentT
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -157,10 +157,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetDoF(double dof)
         {
-            new StudentT
+            GC.KeepAlive(new StudentT
             {
                 DegreesOfFreedom = dof
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = StudentT.Samples(new Random(0), 0.0, 1.0, 3.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new StudentT();
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         [TestCase(0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.5)]

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/TriangularTests.cs

@@ -104,10 +104,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(10.0)]
         public void CanSetLowerBound(double lower)
         {
-            new Triangular(0.0, 20.0, 10.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Triangular(0.0, 20.0, 10.0)
             {
                 LowerBound = lower
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = Triangular.Samples(new Random(0), 2.0, 3.0, 2.5);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
             ied = Triangular.Samples(10.0, 100.0, 30.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Triangular(0.1, 0.3, 0.2);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         // Todo: Add tests for:

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Continuous/WeibullTests.cs

@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetShape(double shape)
         {
-            new Weibull(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Weibull(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Shape = shape
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetScale(double scale)
         {
-            new Weibull(1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Weibull(1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 Scale = scale
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = Weibull.Samples(new Random(0), 1.0, 1.0);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Continuous
         {
             var n = new Normal();
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/BernoulliTests.cs

@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(1.0)]
         public void CanSetProbabilityOfOne(double p)
         {
-            new Bernoulli(0.3)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Bernoulli(0.3)
             {
                 P = p
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = Bernoulli.Samples(new Random(0), 0.3);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var n = new Bernoulli(0.3);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/BinomialTests.cs

@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(1.0, 2)]
         public void CanSetSuccessProbability(double p, int n)
         {
-            new Binomial(0.3, n)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Binomial(0.3, n)
             {
                 P = p
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = Binomial.Samples(new Random(0), 0.3, 5);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var n = new Binomial(0.3, 5);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/CategoricalTests.cs

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [Test]
         public void CanCreateCategorical()
         {
-            new Categorical(_largeP);
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Categorical(_largeP));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -106,7 +106,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         public void CategoricalCreateFailsWithNullHistogram()
         {
             Histogram h = null;
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             Assert.That(() => new Categorical(h), Throws.TypeOf<ArgumentNullException>());
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -143,10 +145,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [Test]
         public void CanSetProbability()
         {
-            new Categorical(_largeP)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Categorical(_largeP)
             {
                 P = _smallP
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -164,10 +166,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="p">An array of nonnegative ratios.</param>
         /// <param name="mean">Expected value.</param>
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 2)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 2)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 1, 2, 1 }, 2)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 1, 2, 1 }, 2)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.5, 0.5 }, 1.5)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 0.5, 0.5 }, 1.5)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0.25)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0.25)]
         [TestCase(new double[] { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 }, 5)]
         public void ValidateMean(double[] p, double mean)
         {
@@ -179,10 +181,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="p">An array of nonnegative ratios.</param>
         /// <param name="stdDev">Standard deviation.</param>
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 0.70710678118654752440084436210485)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 0.70710678118654752440084436210485)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 1, 2, 1 }, 0.70710678118654752440084436210485)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 1, 2, 1 }, 0.70710678118654752440084436210485)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.5, 0.5 }, 0.5)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 0.5, 0.5 }, 0.5)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0.43301270189221932338186158537647)]  //Sqrt((0.25*0.25)*.75+(.75*.75)*.25)
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0.43301270189221932338186158537647)]  //Sqrt((0.25*0.25)*.75+(.75*.75)*.25)
         [TestCase(new double[] { 1, 0, 1 }, 1)]
         public void ValidateStdDev(double[] p, double stdDev)
         {
@@ -194,11 +196,11 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="p">An array of nonnegative ratios.</param>
         /// <param name="variance">Variance.</param>
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 0.5)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 0.5)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 1, 2, 1 }, 0.5)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 1, 2, 1 }, 0.5)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.5, 0.5 }, 0.25)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 0.5, 0.5 }, 0.25)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0.1875)]  //(0.25*0.25)*.75+(.75*.75)*.25)
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0.1875)]  //(0.25*0.25)*.75+(.75*.75)*.25)
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 1, 0, 1 }, 1)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 1.0, 0, 1 }, 1)]
         public void ValidateVariance(double[] p, double variance)
         {
             Assert.That(new Categorical(p).Variance, Is.EqualTo(variance).Within(1e-14));
@@ -209,13 +211,13 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="p">An array of nonnegative ratios.</param>
         /// <param name="median">Median.</param>
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 2)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.25 }, 2)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0, 1, 2, 1 }, 2)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.0, 1, 2, 1 }, 2)]
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 0.75, 0.25 }, 0)]
         // The following test case has median of 5, because:
         // P(X < 5) = (1+2+6+3+2)/29 = 14/29 < 0.5.
         // P(X <= 5) = 19/29 > 0.5.
-        [TestCase(new double[] { 1, 2, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1, 1, 0, 1, 7 }, 5)]
+        [TestCase(new[] { 1.0, 2, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1, 1, 0, 1, 7 }, 5)]
         // TODO: Find out the expected behavior of Median in ambiguous cases like the following:
         //[TestCase(new double[] { 0, 0.5, 0.5 }, ???)]
         //[TestCase(new double[] { 1, 0, 1 }, ???)]

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/ConwayMaxwellPoissonTests.cs

@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetLambda(double lambda)
         {
-            new ConwayMaxwellPoisson(1.0, 2.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new ConwayMaxwellPoisson(1.0, 2.0)
             {
                 Lambda = lambda
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(Double.PositiveInfinity)]
         public void CanSetNu(double nu)
         {
-            new ConwayMaxwellPoisson(1.0, 2.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new ConwayMaxwellPoisson(1.0, 2.0)
             {
                 Nu = nu
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var d = new ConwayMaxwellPoisson(1.0, 2.0);
             var ied = d.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/DiscreteUniformTests.cs

@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(10)]
         public void CanSetLowerBound(int p)
         {
-            new DiscreteUniform(0, 10)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new DiscreteUniform(0, 10)
             {
                 LowerBound = p
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(10)]
         public void CanSetUpperBound(int p)
         {
-            new DiscreteUniform(0, 10)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new DiscreteUniform(0, 10)
             {
                 UpperBound = p
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         public void CanSampleSequenceStatic()
         {
             var ied = DiscreteUniform.Samples(new Random(0), 0, 10);
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var n = new DiscreteUniform(0, 10);
             var ied = n.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/GeometricTests.cs

@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(1.0)]
         public void CanSetProbabilityOfOne(double p)
         {
-            new Geometric(0.3)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Geometric(0.3)
             {
                 P = p
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var d = new Geometric(0.3);
             var ied = d.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/HypergeometricTests.cs

@@ -95,10 +95,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(20)]
         public void CanSetPopulation(int population)
         {
-            new Hypergeometric(10, 1, 1)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Hypergeometric(10, 1, 1)
-                {
+            {
-                    Population = population
+                Population = population
-                };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(5)]
         public void CanSetSuccess(int success)
         {
-            new Hypergeometric(10, 1, 1)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Hypergeometric(10, 1, 1)
-                {
+            {
-                    Success = success
+                Success = success
-                };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(5)]
         public void CanSetDraws(int draws)
         {
-            new Hypergeometric(10, 1, 1)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Hypergeometric(10, 1, 1)
-                {
+            {
-                    Draws = draws
+                Draws = draws
-                };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var d = new Hypergeometric(10, 1, 1);
             var ied = d.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/NegativeBinomialTests.cs

@@ -93,10 +93,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(1.0)]
         public void CanSetR(double r)
         {
-            new NegativeBinomial(1.0, 0.5)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new NegativeBinomial(1.0, 0.5)
             {
                 R = r
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(1.0)]
         public void CanSetProbabilityOfOne(double p)
         {
-            new NegativeBinomial(1.0, 0.5)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new NegativeBinomial(1.0, 0.5)
             {
                 P = p
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var d = new NegativeBinomial(1.0, 0.5);
             var ied = d.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/PoissonTests.cs

@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(10.8)]
         public void CanSetProbabilityOfOne(double lambda)
         {
-            new Poisson(0.3)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Poisson(0.3)
             {
                 Lambda = lambda
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         {
             var d = new Poisson(0.3);
             var ied = d.Samples();
-            ied.Take(5).ToArray();
+            GC.KeepAlive(ied.Take(5).ToArray());
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Discrete/ZipfTests.cs

@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(5.0)]
         public void CanSetS(double s)
         {
-            new Zipf(1.0, 5)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Zipf(1.0, 5)
             {
                 S = s
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Discrete
         [TestCase(50)]
         public void CanSetN(int n)
         {
-            new Zipf(1.0, 5)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Zipf(1.0, 5)
             {
                 N = n
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Multivariate/DirichletTests.cs

@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [Test]
         public void CanSetRandomSource()
         {
-            new Dirichlet(0.3, 5)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Dirichlet(0.3, 5)
             {
                 RandomSource = new Random(0)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         [Test]

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Multivariate/InverseWishartTests.cs

@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [Test]
         public void CanSetRandomSource()
         {
-            new InverseWishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new InverseWishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
             {
                 RandomSource = new System.Random(0)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [TestCase(5.0)]
         public void CanSetNu(double nu)
         {
-            new InverseWishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new InverseWishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
             {
                 DegreesOfFreedom = nu
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [Test]
         public void CanSetS()
         {
-            new InverseWishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new InverseWishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
             {
                 Scale = Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Multivariate/MatrixNormalTests.cs

@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         {
             const int N = 2;
             const int P = 3;
-            new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(N, P, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(N, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(P, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(N, P, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(N, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(P, 1))
             {
                 RandomSource = new System.Random(0)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [TestCase(10, 10)]
         public void CanSetM(int n, int p)
         {
-            new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(n, p, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(n, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(p, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(n, p, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(n, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(p, 1))
             {
                 Mean = Matrix<double>.Build.Random(n, p, 1)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -220,10 +220,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [TestCase(10, 10)]
         public void CanSetV(int n, int p)
         {
-            new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(n, p, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(n, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(p, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(n, p, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(n, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(p, 1))
             {
                 RowCovariance = Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(n, 1)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -257,10 +257,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [TestCase(10, 10)]
         public void CanSetK(int n, int p)
         {
-            new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(n, p, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(n, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(p, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new MatrixNormal(Matrix<double>.Build.Random(n, p, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(n, 1), Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(p, 1))
             {
                 ColumnCovariance = Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(p, 1)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Multivariate/MultinomialTests.cs

@@ -104,7 +104,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         public void MultinomialCreateFailsWithNullHistogram()
         {
             Histogram h = null;
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             Assert.That(() => new Categorical(h), Throws.TypeOf<ArgumentNullException>());
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -223,10 +225,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [Test]
         public void CanSetProbability()
         {
-            new Multinomial(_largeP, 4)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Multinomial(_largeP, 4)
             {
                 P = _smallP
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Multivariate/NormalGammaTests.cs

@@ -302,10 +302,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [Test]
         public void CanSetRandomSource()
         {
-            new NormalGamma(0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            GC.KeepAlive(new NormalGamma(0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
             {
                 RandomSource = new Random(0)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/DistributionTests/Multivariate/WishartTests.cs

@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [Test]
         public void CanSetRandomSource()
         {
-            new Wishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Wishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
             {
                 RandomSource = new System.Random(0)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [TestCase(5.0)]
         public void CanSetNu(double nu)
         {
-            new Wishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Wishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
             {
                 DegreesOfFreedom = nu
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.DistributionTests.Multivariate
         [Test]
         public void CanSetS()
         {
-            new Wishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
+            GC.KeepAlive(new Wishart(1.0, Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1))
             {
                 Scale = Matrix<double>.Build.RandomPositiveDefinite(2, 1)
-            };
+            });
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/CompoundMonthlyReturnTests.cs

@@ -45,14 +45,16 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             //arrange
             List<double> inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.CompoundMonthlyReturn();
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
 
         [Test]
         public void returns_undefined_with_empty_input_data()
         {
             //arrange
-            List<double> inputData = new List<double>();
+            var inputData = new List<double>();
             //act
             var cmpdReturn = inputData.CompoundMonthlyReturn();
             //assert
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             AssertHelpers.AlmostEqualRelative(0.0870999982199265, cmpdReturn, 14);
         }
 
-        //Definitly need more tests here.  Would love to find test data for these stats similar to the .dat files used for other tests.
+        //Definitely need more tests here.  Would love to find test data for these stats similar to the .dat files used for other tests.
     }
 
 }

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/DownsideDeviationTests.cs

@@ -110,7 +110,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             const double minimumAcceptableReturn = 0.05;
             List<double> inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.DownsideDeviation(minimumAcceptableReturn);
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
 
     }

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/GainLossRatioTests.cs

@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             //arrange
             List<double> inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.GainLossRatio();
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
 
         [Test]

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/GainMeanTests.cs

@@ -88,10 +88,11 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
         public void throws_when_input_data_is_null() //assert
         {
             //arrange
-            var inputData = new[] { 1.0 };
+            double[] inputData = null;
-            inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.GainMean();
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
 
         [Test]

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/GainStandardDeviationTests.cs

@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             //arrange
             List<double> inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.GainStandardDeviation();
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
-
-        public double gainStdDev { get; set; }
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/LossMeanTests.cs

@@ -92,7 +92,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             //arrange
             List<double> inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.LossMean();
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
 
         [Test]

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/LossStandardDeviationTests.cs

@@ -115,7 +115,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             //arrange
             List<double> inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.LossStandardDeviation();
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/FinancialTests/SemiDeviationTests.cs

@@ -106,7 +106,9 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.FinancialTests
             //arrange
             List<double> inputData = null;
             //act
+// ReSharper disable ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
             inputData.SemiDeviation();
+// ReSharper restore ExpressionIsAlwaysNull
         }
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/GenericMath.cs

@@ -678,17 +678,14 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests
                     {
                         // already "TValue, TValue, TValue"...
                         // convert both lhs and rhs to TResult (as appropriate)
-                        Expression castLhs = typeof (TArg1) == typeof (TResult) ?
+                        Expression castLhs = typeof (TArg1) == typeof (TResult) ? (Expression)lhs : Expression.Convert(lhs, typeof (TResult));
-                            (Expression)lhs :
+                        Expression castRhs = typeof (TArg2) == typeof (TResult) ? (Expression)rhs : Expression.Convert(rhs, typeof (TResult));
-                            (Expression)Expression.Convert(lhs, typeof (TResult));
-                        Expression castRhs = typeof (TArg2) == typeof (TResult) ?
-                            (Expression)rhs :
-                            (Expression)Expression.Convert(rhs, typeof (TResult));
 
                         return Expression.Lambda<Func<TArg1, TArg2, TResult>>(
                             body(castLhs, castRhs), lhs, rhs).Compile();
                     }
-                    else throw;
+
+                    throw;
                 }
             }
             catch (Exception ex)

src/UnitTests/GoodnessOfFit/RSquaredTest.cs

@@ -15,35 +15,19 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.GoodnessOfFit
         {
             var data = new List<double>();
             for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
+            {
                 data.Add(i);
+            }
 
             Assert.That(Numerics.GoodnessOfFit.RSquared(data, data), Is.EqualTo(1));
         }
 
         [Test]
-        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof (ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
         public void WhenGivenTwoDatasetsOfDifferentSizeThenThrowsArgumentException()
         {
-            var observedData = new List<double>()
+            var observedData = new List<double> { 23, 9, 5, 7, 10, 5, 4, 1, 2, 1 };
-            {
+            var modelledData = new List<double> { 8, 9, 10 };
-                23
-                ,9
-                ,5
-                ,7
-                ,10
-                ,5
-                ,4
-                ,1
-                ,2
-                ,1
-            };
-
-            var modelledData = new List<double>()
-            {
-                8
-                ,9
-                ,10
-            };
 
             Numerics.GoodnessOfFit.RSquared(modelledData, observedData);
 
@@ -53,15 +37,8 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.GoodnessOfFit
         [Test]
         public void WhenCalculatingRSquaredOfUnevenDistributionWithLInearDistributionThenRSquaredIsCalculated()
         {
-            var observedData = new List<double>()
+            var observedData = new List<double> { 1, 2.3, 3.1, 4.8, 5.6, 6.3 };
-            {
+            var modelledData = new List<double> { 2.6, 2.8, 3.1, 4.7, 5.1, 5.3 };
-                1, 2.3, 3.1, 4.8, 5.6, 6.3
-            };
-
-            var modelledData = new List<double>()
-            {
-                2.6, 2.8, 3.1, 4.7, 5.1, 5.3
-            };
 
             Assert.That(Math.Round(Numerics.GoodnessOfFit.RSquared(modelledData, observedData), 11), Is.EqualTo(Math.Round(0.94878520708673d, 11)));
         }

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraProviderTests/Single/LinearAlgebraProviderTests.cs

@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraProviderTests.Single
         /// <summary>
         /// The Y float test vector.
         /// </summary>
-        readonly float[] _y = new[] {1.1f, 2.2f, 3.3f, 4.4f, 5.5f};
+        readonly float[] _y = {1.1f, 2.2f, 3.3f, 4.4f, 5.5f};
 
         /// <summary>
         /// The X float test vector.
         /// </summary>
-        readonly float[] _x = new[] {6.6f, 7.7f, 8.8f, 9.9f, 10.1f};
+        readonly float[] _x = {6.6f, 7.7f, 8.8f, 9.9f, 10.1f};
 
         static readonly IContinuousDistribution Dist = new Normal();
 

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/CholeskyTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex;
 using NUnit.Framework;

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/GramSchmidtTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Factorization;
@@ -74,14 +73,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < r.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    Assert.AreEqual(i == j ? Complex.One : Complex.Zero, r[i, j]);
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.One, r[i, j]);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.Zero, r[i, j]);
-                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -89,14 +81,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < q.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    Assert.AreEqual(i == j ? Complex.One : Complex.Zero, q[i, j]);
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.One, q[i, j]);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.Zero, q[i, j]);
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -169,14 +154,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < matrixQсtQ.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    AssertHelpers.AlmostEqualRelative(matrixQсtQ[i, j], i == j ? Complex.One : Complex.Zero, 9);
-                    {
-                        AssertHelpers.AlmostEqualRelative(matrixQсtQ[i, j], Complex.One, 9);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        AssertHelpers.AlmostEqualRelative(matrixQсtQ[i, j], Complex.Zero, 9);
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/LUTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex;
 using NUnit.Framework;

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/QRTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Factorization;

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/UserCholeskyTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/UserGramSchmidtTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Factorization;
 using NUnit.Framework;
@@ -73,14 +72,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < r.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    Assert.AreEqual(i == j ? Complex.One : Complex.Zero, r[i, j]);
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.One, r[i, j]);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.Zero, r[i, j]);
-                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -88,14 +80,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < q.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    Assert.AreEqual(i == j ? Complex.One : Complex.Zero, q[i, j]);
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.One, q[i, j]);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex.Zero, q[i, j]);
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -168,14 +153,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < matrixQсtQ.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    AssertHelpers.AlmostEqualRelative(matrixQсtQ[i, j], i == j ? Complex.One : Complex.Zero, 9);
-                    {
-                        AssertHelpers.AlmostEqualRelative(matrixQсtQ[i, j], Complex.One, 9);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        AssertHelpers.AlmostEqualRelative(matrixQсtQ[i, j], Complex.Zero, 9);
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/UserLUTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Factorization/UserQRTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex.Factorization;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Factorization;

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/MatrixStructureTheory.cs

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex
     public class MatrixStructureTheory : MatrixStructureTheory<Complex>
     {
         [Datapoints]
-        Matrix<Complex>[] _matrices = new Matrix<Complex>[]
+        Matrix<Complex>[] _matrices =
         {
             Matrix<Complex>.Build.DenseOfArray(new[,] { { 1d, new Complex(1.1d, -4d), 2d }, { 1d, 1d, 2d }, { 1d, new Complex(1d, 2d), 2d } }),
             Matrix<Complex>.Build.DenseOfArray(new[,] { { -1.1d, -2.2d, -3.3d }, { 0d, 1.1d, new Complex(2.2d, -1.2d) }, { -4.4d, 5.5d, 6.6d } }),
@@ -64,6 +64,6 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex
         };
 
         [Datapoints]
-        Complex[] _scalars = new[] { new Complex(2d, 0d), new Complex(-1.5d, 3.5d), Complex.Zero };
+        Complex[] _scalars = { new Complex(2d, 0d), new Complex(-1.5d, 3.5d), Complex.Zero };
     }
 }

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex/Solvers/Preconditioners/PreConditionerTest.cs

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Solvers;

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex32/Factorization/CholeskyTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32;
 using NUnit.Framework;

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex32/Factorization/GramSchmidtTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Factorization;
@@ -70,14 +69,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex32.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < r.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    Assert.AreEqual(i == j ? Complex32.One : Complex32.Zero, r[i, j]);
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex32.One, r[i, j]);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex32.Zero, r[i, j]);
-                    }
                 }
             }
 
@@ -85,14 +77,7 @@ namespace MathNet.Numerics.UnitTests.LinearAlgebraTests.Complex32.Factorization
             {
                 for (var j = 0; j < q.ColumnCount; j++)
                 {
-                    if (i == j)
+                    Assert.AreEqual(i == j ? Complex32.One : Complex32.Zero, q[i, j]);
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex32.One, q[i, j]);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Assert.AreEqual(Complex32.Zero, q[i, j]);
-                    }
                 }
             }
         }

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex32/Factorization/LUTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32;
 using NUnit.Framework;

src/UnitTests/LinearAlgebraTests/Complex32/Factorization/QRTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 // OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 // </copyright>
 
-using System;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32;
 using MathNet.Numerics.LinearAlgebra.Complex32.Factorization;