Immutable for rules.

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Model/Rules/Actions/WebhookAction.cs

@@ -14,9 +14,36 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules.Actions
     [TypeName(nameof(WebhookAction))]
     public sealed class WebhookAction : RuleAction
     {
-        public Uri Url { get; set; }
+        private Uri url;
+        private string sharedSecret;
 
-        public string SharedSecret { get; set; }
+        public Uri Url
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return url;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                ThrowIfFrozen();
+
+                url = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string SharedSecret
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return sharedSecret;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                ThrowIfFrozen();
+
+                sharedSecret = value;
+            }
+        }
 
         public override T Accept<T>(IRuleActionVisitor<T> visitor)
         {

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Model/Rules/Rule.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ using Squidex.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules
 {
-    public sealed class Rule
+    public sealed class Rule : Cloneable<Rule>
     {
         private RuleTrigger trigger;
         private RuleAction action;
@@ -41,17 +41,23 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules
             this.action = action;
         }
 
-        public void Enable()
+        public Rule Enable()
         {
-            this.isEnabled = true;
+            return Clone(clone =>
+            {
+                clone.isEnabled = true;
+            });
         }
 
-        public void Disable()
+        public Rule Disable()
+        {
+            return Clone(clone =>
             {
-            this.isEnabled = false;
+                clone.isEnabled = false;
+            });
         }
 
-        public void Update(RuleTrigger newTrigger)
+        public Rule Update(RuleTrigger newTrigger)
         {
             Guard.NotNull(newTrigger, nameof(newTrigger));
 
@@ -60,10 +66,13 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules
                 throw new ArgumentException("New trigger has another type.", nameof(newTrigger));
             }
 
-            trigger = newTrigger;
+            return Clone(clone =>
+            {
+                clone.trigger = newTrigger;
+            });
         }
 
-        public void Update(RuleAction newAction)
+        public Rule Update(RuleAction newAction)
         {
             Guard.NotNull(newAction, nameof(newAction));
 
@@ -72,7 +81,10 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules
                 throw new ArgumentException("New action has another type.", nameof(newAction));
             }
 
-            action = newAction;
+            return Clone(clone =>
+            {
+                clone.action = newAction;
+            });
         }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Model/Rules/RuleAction.cs

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@
 //  All rights reserved.
 // ==========================================================================
 
+using Squidex.Infrastructure;
+
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules
 {
-    public abstract class RuleAction
+    public abstract class RuleAction : Freezable
     {
         public abstract T Accept<T>(IRuleActionVisitor<T> visitor);
     }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Model/Rules/RuleTrigger.cs

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@
 //  All rights reserved.
 // ==========================================================================
 
+using Squidex.Infrastructure;
+
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules
 {
-    public abstract class RuleTrigger
+    public abstract class RuleTrigger : Freezable
     {
         public abstract T Accept<T>(IRuleTriggerVisitor<T> visitor);
     }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Model/Rules/Triggers/ContentChangedTrigger.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //  All rights reserved.
 // ==========================================================================
 
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.Immutable;
 using Squidex.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules.Triggers
@@ -14,7 +14,21 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules.Triggers
     [TypeName(nameof(ContentChangedTrigger))]
     public sealed class ContentChangedTrigger : RuleTrigger
     {
-        public List<ContentChangedTriggerSchema> Schemas { get; set; }
+        private ImmutableList<ContentChangedTriggerSchema> schemas;
+
+        public ImmutableList<ContentChangedTriggerSchema> Schemas
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return schemas;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                ThrowIfFrozen();
+
+                schemas = value;
+            }
+        }
 
         public override T Accept<T>(IRuleTriggerVisitor<T> visitor)
         {

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events/Rules/Utils/RuleEventDispatcher.cs

@@ -17,27 +17,29 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events.Rules.Utils
             return new Rule(@event.Trigger, @event.Action);
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Rule rule, RuleUpdated @event)
+        public static Rule Apply(this Rule rule, RuleUpdated @event)
         {
             if (@event.Trigger != null)
             {
-                rule.Update(@event.Trigger);
+                return rule.Update(@event.Trigger);
             }
 
             if (@event.Action != null)
             {
-                rule.Update(@event.Action);
+                return rule.Update(@event.Action);
             }
+
+            return rule;
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Rule rule, RuleEnabled @event)
+        public static Rule Apply(this Rule rule, RuleEnabled @event)
         {
-            rule.Enable();
+            return rule.Enable();
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Rule rule, RuleDisabled @event)
+        public static Rule Apply(this Rule rule, RuleDisabled @event)
         {
-            rule.Disable();
+            return rule.Disable();
         }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events/Schemas/Utils/SchemaEventDispatcher.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 using System;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Schemas;
-using Squidex.Infrastructure.Reflection;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events.Schemas.Utils
 {
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events.Schemas.Utils
             return schema;
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldAdded @event, FieldRegistry registry)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldAdded @event, FieldRegistry registry)
         {
             var partitioning =
                 string.Equals(@event.Partitioning, Partitioning.Language.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ?
@@ -71,86 +70,65 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events.Schemas.Utils
             var fieldId = @event.FieldId.Id;
             var field = registry.CreateField(fieldId, @event.Name, partitioning, @event.Properties);
 
-            schema.DeleteField(fieldId);
+            schema = schema.DeleteField(fieldId);
-            schema.AddField(field);
+            schema = schema.AddField(field);
-        }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldUpdated @event)
+            return schema;
-        {
-            if (schema.FieldsById.TryGetValue(@event.FieldId.Id, out var field))
-            {
-                field.Update(@event.Properties);
-            }
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldLocked @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldUpdated @event)
-        {
-            if (schema.FieldsById.TryGetValue(@event.FieldId.Id, out var field))
         {
-                field.Lock();
+            return schema.UpdateField(@event.FieldId.Id, @event.Properties);
-            }
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldHidden @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldLocked @event)
-        {
-            if (schema.FieldsById.TryGetValue(@event.FieldId.Id, out var field))
         {
-                field.Hide();
+            return schema.LockField(@event.FieldId.Id);
-            }
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldShown @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldHidden @event)
-        {
-            if (schema.FieldsById.TryGetValue(@event.FieldId.Id, out var field))
         {
-                field.Show();
+            return schema.HideField(@event.FieldId.Id);
-            }
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldDisabled @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldShown @event)
-        {
-            if (schema.FieldsById.TryGetValue(@event.FieldId.Id, out var field))
         {
-                field.Disable();
+            return schema.ShowField(@event.FieldId.Id);
-            }
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldEnabled @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldDisabled @event)
-        {
-            if (schema.FieldsById.TryGetValue(@event.FieldId.Id, out var field))
         {
-                field.Enable();
+            return schema.DisableField(@event.FieldId.Id);
-            }
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaUpdated @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldEnabled @event)
         {
-            schema.Update(@event.Properties);
+            return schema.EnableField(@event.FieldId.Id);
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaFieldsReordered @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaUpdated @event)
         {
-            schema.ReorderFields(@event.FieldIds);
+            return schema.Update(@event.Properties);
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, FieldDeleted @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaFieldsReordered @event)
         {
-            schema.DeleteField(@event.FieldId.Id);
+            return schema.ReorderFields(@event.FieldIds);
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaPublished @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, FieldDeleted @event)
         {
-            schema.Publish();
+            return schema.DeleteField(@event.FieldId.Id);
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaUnpublished @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaPublished @event)
         {
-            schema.Unpublish();
+            return schema.Publish();
         }
 
-        public static void Apply(this Schema schema, ScriptsConfigured @event)
+        public static Schema Apply(this Schema schema, SchemaUnpublished @event)
         {
-            SimpleMapper.Map(@event, schema);
+            return schema.Unpublish();
         }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/Assets/IAssetEntity.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Assets
 {
-    public interface IAssetEntity : IAppRefEntity, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
+    public interface IAssetEntity : IEntityWithAppRef, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
     {
         string MimeType { get; }
 

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/Contents/IContentEntity.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Contents;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Contents
 {
-    public interface IContentEntity : IAppRefEntity, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
+    public interface IContentEntity : IEntityWithAppRef, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
     {
         Status Status { get; }
 

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/EntityMapper.cs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 
         private static void SetVersion(EnvelopeHeaders headers, IEntity entity)
         {
-            if (entity is IEntityWithVersion withVersion)
+            if (entity is IUpdateableEntityWithVersion withVersion)
             {
                 withVersion.Version = headers.EventStreamNumber();
             }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 
         private static void SetCreatedBy(SquidexEvent @event, IEntity entity)
         {
-            if (entity is IEntityWithCreatedBy withCreatedBy)
+            if (entity is IUpdateableEntityWithCreatedBy withCreatedBy)
             {
                 withCreatedBy.CreatedBy = @event.Actor;
             }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 
         private static void SetLastModifiedBy(SquidexEvent @event, IEntity entity)
         {
-            if (entity is IEntityWithLastModifiedBy withModifiedBy)
+            if (entity is IUpdateableEntityWithLastModifiedBy withModifiedBy)
             {
                 withModifiedBy.LastModifiedBy = @event.Actor;
             }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 
         private static void SetAppId(SquidexEvent @event, IEntity entity)
         {
-            if (entity is IAppRefEntity app && @event is AppEvent appEvent)
+            if (entity is IUpdateableEntityWithAppRef app && @event is AppEvent appEvent)
             {
                 app.AppId = appEvent.AppId.Id;
             }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IEntityWithAppRef.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// ==========================================================================
+//  IEntityWithAppRef.cs
+//  Squidex Headless CMS
+// ==========================================================================
+//  Copyright (c) Squidex Group
+//  All rights reserved.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
+{
+    public interface IEntityWithAppRef : IEntity
+    {
+        Guid AppId { get; }
+    }
+}

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IEntityWithCreatedBy.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 {
     public interface IEntityWithCreatedBy
     {
-        RefToken CreatedBy { get; set; }
+        RefToken CreatedBy { get; }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IEntityWithVersion.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 {
     public interface IEntityWithVersion
     {
-        long Version { get; set; }
+        long Version { get; }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IAppRefEntity.cs → src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IUpdateableEntityWithAppRef.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ==========================================================================
-//  IAppRefEntity.cs
+//  IUpdateableEntityWithAppRef.cs
 //  Squidex Headless CMS
 // ==========================================================================
 //  Copyright (c) Squidex Group
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using System;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 {
-    public interface IAppRefEntity : IEntity
+    public interface IUpdateableEntityWithAppRef
     {
         Guid AppId { get; set; }
     }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IUpdateableEntityWithCreatedBy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// ==========================================================================
+//  IUpdateableEntityWithCreatedBy.cs
+//  Squidex Headless CMS
+// ==========================================================================
+//  Copyright (c) Squidex Group
+//  All rights reserved.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+using Squidex.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
+{
+    public interface IUpdateableEntityWithCreatedBy
+    {
+        RefToken CreatedBy { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IUpdateableEntityWithLastModifiedBy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// ==========================================================================
+//  IUpdateableEntityWithLastModifiedBy.cs
+//  Squidex Headless CMS
+// ==========================================================================
+//  Copyright (c) Squidex Group
+//  All rights reserved.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+using Squidex.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
+{
+    public interface IUpdateableEntityWithLastModifiedBy
+    {
+        RefToken LastModifiedBy { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/Squidex.Infrastructure/Json/Orleans/IJsonValue.cs → src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/IUpdateableEntityWithVersion.cs

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
 // ==========================================================================
-//  IJsonValue.cs
+//  IUpdateableEntityWithVersion.cs
 //  Squidex Headless CMS
 // ==========================================================================
 //  Copyright (c) Squidex Group
 //  All rights reserved.
 // ==========================================================================
 
-namespace Squidex.Infrastructure.Json.Orleans
+namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read
 {
-    public interface IJsonValue
+    public interface IUpdateableEntityWithVersion
     {
-        object Value { get; }
+        long Version { get; set; }
-
-        bool IsImmutable { get; }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/Rules/IRuleEntity.cs

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Rules
 {
-    public interface IRuleEntity : IAppRefEntity, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
+    public interface IRuleEntity : IEntityWithAppRef, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
     {
-        Rule Rule { get; }
+        Rule RuleDef { get; }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/Rules/RuleEnqueuer.cs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Rules
 
                 foreach (var ruleEntity in rules)
                 {
-                    var job = ruleService.CreateJob(ruleEntity.Rule, @event);
+                    var job = ruleService.CreateJob(ruleEntity.RuleDef, @event);
 
                     if (job != null)
                     {

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/Schemas/ISchemaEntity.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Schemas;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Schemas
 {
-    public interface ISchemaEntity : IAppRefEntity, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
+    public interface ISchemaEntity : IEntityWithAppRef, IEntityWithCreatedBy, IEntityWithLastModifiedBy, IEntityWithVersion
     {
         string Name { get; }
 

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/AppStateEventConsumer.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Orleans;
+using Orleans.Concurrency;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Events.Apps;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains;
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans
             {
                 var appGrain = factory.GetGrain<IAppStateGrain>(appEvent.AppId.Name);
 
-                await appGrain.HandleAsync(@event);
+                await appGrain.HandleAsync(new Immutable<Envelope<IEvent>>(@event));
             }
 
             if (@event.Payload is AppContributorAssigned contributorAssigned)

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/Grains/IAppStateGrain.cs

@@ -10,28 +10,28 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Orleans;
+using Orleans.Concurrency;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Apps;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Rules;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Schemas;
 using Squidex.Infrastructure.CQRS.Events;
-using Squidex.Infrastructure.Json.Orleans;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains
 {
     public interface IAppStateGrain : IGrainWithStringKey
     {
-        Task<J<(IAppEntity, ISchemaEntity)>> GetAppWithSchemaAsync(Guid id);
+        Task<Immutable<(IAppEntity, ISchemaEntity)>> GetAppWithSchemaAsync(Guid id);
 
-        Task<J<IAppEntity>> GetAppAsync();
+        Task<Immutable<IAppEntity>> GetAppAsync();
 
-        Task<J<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(Guid id, bool provideDeleted = false);
+        Task<Immutable<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(Guid id, bool provideDeleted = false);
 
-        Task<J<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(string name, bool provideDeleted = false);
+        Task<Immutable<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(string name, bool provideDeleted = false);
 
-        Task<J<List<ISchemaEntity>>> GetSchemasAsync();
+        Task<Immutable<List<ISchemaEntity>>> GetSchemasAsync();
 
-        Task<J<List<IRuleEntity>>> GetRulesAsync();
+        Task<Immutable<List<IRuleEntity>>> GetRulesAsync();
 
-        Task HandleAsync(J<Envelope<IEvent>> message);
+        Task HandleAsync(Immutable<Envelope<IEvent>> message);
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/Grains/Implementations/AppStateGrain.cs

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Orleans;
+using Orleans.Concurrency;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Schemas;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Apps;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Rules;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Schemas;
 using Squidex.Infrastructure;
 using Squidex.Infrastructure.CQRS.Events;
-using Squidex.Infrastructure.Json.Orleans;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
 {
@@ -31,51 +31,51 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
             this.fieldRegistry = fieldRegistry;
         }
 
-        public Task<J<(IAppEntity, ISchemaEntity)>> GetAppWithSchemaAsync(Guid id)
+        public Task<Immutable<(IAppEntity, ISchemaEntity)>> GetAppWithSchemaAsync(Guid id)
         {
             var schema = State.FindSchema(x => x.Id == id && !x.IsDeleted);
 
-            return J<(IAppEntity AppEntity, ISchemaEntity SchemaEntity)>.AsTask((State.GetApp(), schema));
+            return Task.FromResult((State.GetApp(), schema).AsImmutable());
         }
 
-        public Task<J<IAppEntity>> GetAppAsync()
+        public Task<Immutable<IAppEntity>> GetAppAsync()
         {
             var value = State.GetApp();
 
-            return J<IAppEntity>.AsTask(value);
+            return Task.FromResult(value.AsImmutable());
         }
 
-        public Task<J<List<IRuleEntity>>> GetRulesAsync()
+        public Task<Immutable<List<IRuleEntity>>> GetRulesAsync()
         {
             var value = State.FindRules();
 
-            return J<List<IRuleEntity>>.AsTask(value);
+            return Task.FromResult(value.AsImmutable());
         }
 
-        public Task<J<List<ISchemaEntity>>> GetSchemasAsync()
+        public Task<Immutable<List<ISchemaEntity>>> GetSchemasAsync()
         {
             var value = State.FindSchemas(x => !x.IsDeleted);
 
-            return J<List<ISchemaEntity>>.AsTask(value);
+            return Task.FromResult(value.AsImmutable());
         }
 
-        public Task<J<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(Guid id, bool provideDeleted = false)
+        public Task<Immutable<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(Guid id, bool provideDeleted = false)
         {
             var value = State.FindSchema(x => x.Id == id && (!x.IsDeleted || provideDeleted));
 
-            return J<ISchemaEntity>.AsTask(value);
+            return Task.FromResult(value.AsImmutable());
         }
 
-        public Task<J<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(string name, bool provideDeleted = false)
+        public Task<Immutable<ISchemaEntity>> GetSchemaAsync(string name, bool provideDeleted = false)
         {
             var value = State.FindSchema(x => string.Equals(x.Name, name, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && (!x.IsDeleted || provideDeleted));
 
-            return J<ISchemaEntity>.AsTask(value);
+            return Task.FromResult(value.AsImmutable());
         }
 
-        public Task HandleAsync(J<Envelope<IEvent>> message)
+        public Task HandleAsync(Immutable<Envelope<IEvent>> message)
         {
-            State.Apply(message, fieldRegistry);
+            State.Apply(message.Value, fieldRegistry);
 
             return WriteStateAsync();
         }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/Grains/Implementations/AppStateGrainState.cs

@@ -163,21 +163,21 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
                 case RuleCreated @event:
                     Rules[@event.RuleId] = EntityMapper.Create<JsonRuleEntity>(@event, envelope.Headers, r =>
                     {
-                        r.Rule = RuleEventDispatcher.Create(@event);
+                        r.RuleDef = RuleEventDispatcher.Create(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case RuleUpdated @event:
                     UpdateRule(envelope, r =>
                     {
-                        r.Rule.Apply(@event);
+                        r.RuleDef = r.RuleDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case RuleEnabled @event:
                     UpdateRule(envelope, r =>
                     {
-                        r.Rule.Apply(@event);
+                        r.RuleDef = r.RuleDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
@@ -197,84 +197,84 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
                 case FieldAdded @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event, registry);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event, registry);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case FieldDeleted @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case FieldLocked @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case FieldHidden @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case FieldShown @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case FieldDisabled @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case FieldEnabled @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case FieldUpdated @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case SchemaFieldsReordered @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case SchemaUpdated @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case SchemaPublished @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        s.SchemaDef = s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
                     });
                     break;
 
                 case ScriptsConfigured @event:
                     UpdateSchema(envelope, s =>
                     {
-                        s.SchemaDef.Apply(@event);
+                        SimpleMapper.Map(s, @event);
                     });
                     break;
 
@@ -308,14 +308,14 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
         {
             var e = envelope.To<RuleEvent>();
 
-            Rules[e.Payload.RuleId].Update(e.Payload, e.Headers, updater);
+            Rules[e.Payload.RuleId].Clone().Update(e.Payload, e.Headers, updater);
         }
 
         private void UpdateSchema(Envelope<IEvent> envelope, Action<JsonSchemaEntity> updater = null)
         {
             var e = envelope.To<SchemaEvent>();
 
-            Schemas[e.Payload.SchemaId.Id].Copy().Update(e.Payload, e.Headers, updater);
+            Schemas[e.Payload.SchemaId.Id].Clone().Update(e.Payload, e.Headers, updater);
         }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/Grains/Implementations/JsonAppEntity.cs

@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@
 // ==========================================================================
 
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Orleans.Concurrency;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Apps;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Apps;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
 {
-    public sealed class JsonAppEntity : JsonEntity, IAppEntity
+    [Immutable]
+    public sealed class JsonAppEntity : JsonEntity<JsonAppEntity>, IAppEntity
     {
         [JsonProperty]
         public string Name { get; set; }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/Grains/Implementations/JsonEntity.cs

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@
 using System;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using NodaTime;
+using Orleans.Concurrency;
+using Squidex.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
 {
-    public abstract class JsonEntity
+    [Immutable]
+    public abstract class JsonEntity<T> : Cloneable<T>, IUpdateableEntityWithVersion where T : Cloneable
     {
         [JsonProperty]
         public Guid Id { get; set; }
@@ -25,5 +28,10 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
 
         [JsonProperty]
         public long Version { get; set; }
+
+        public T Clone()
+        {
+            return Clone(x => { });
+        }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/Grains/Implementations/JsonRuleEntity.cs

@@ -8,13 +8,20 @@
 
 using System;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Orleans.Concurrency;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Rules;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Rules;
 using Squidex.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
 {
-    public sealed class JsonRuleEntity : JsonEntity, IRuleEntity
+    [Immutable]
+    public sealed class JsonRuleEntity :
+        JsonEntity<JsonRuleEntity>,
+        IRuleEntity,
+        IUpdateableEntityWithAppRef,
+        IUpdateableEntityWithCreatedBy,
+        IUpdateableEntityWithLastModifiedBy
     {
         [JsonProperty]
         public Guid AppId { get; set; }
@@ -26,6 +33,6 @@ namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
         public RefToken LastModifiedBy { get; set; }
 
         [JsonProperty]
-        public Rule Rule { get; set; }
+        public Rule RuleDef { get; set; }
     }
 }

src/Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read/State/Orleans/Grains/Implementations/JsonSchemaEntity.cs

@@ -8,13 +8,20 @@
 
 using System;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Orleans.Concurrency;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Core.Schemas;
 using Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.Schemas;
 using Squidex.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace Squidex.Domain.Apps.Read.State.Orleans.Grains.Implementations
 {
-    public sealed class JsonSchemaEntity : JsonEntity, ISchemaEntity
+    [Immutable]
+    public sealed class JsonSchemaEntity :
+        JsonEntity<JsonSchemaEntity>,
+        ISchemaEntity,
+        IUpdateableEntityWithAppRef,
+        IUpdateableEntityWithCreatedBy,
+        IUpdateableEntityWithLastModifiedBy
     {
         [JsonProperty]
         public string Name { get; set; }

src/Squidex.Infrastructure/Json/Orleans/J.cs

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-// ==========================================================================
-//  J.cs
-//  Squidex Headless CMS
-// ==========================================================================
-//  Copyright (c) Squidex Group
-//  All rights reserved.
-// ==========================================================================
-
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Newtonsoft.Json;
-
-namespace Squidex.Infrastructure.Json.Orleans
-{
-    public struct J<T> : IJsonValue
-    {
-        private readonly T value;
-        private readonly bool isImmutable;
-
-        public T Value
-        {
-            get { return value; }
-        }
-
-        bool IJsonValue.IsImmutable
-        {
-            get { return isImmutable; }
-        }
-
-        object IJsonValue.Value
-        {
-            get { return Value; }
-        }
-
-        [JsonConstructor]
-        public J(T value, bool isImmutable = false)
-        {
-            this.value = value;
-
-            this.isImmutable = isImmutable;
-        }
-
-        public static implicit operator T(J<T> value)
-        {
-            return value.Value;
-        }
-
-        public static implicit operator J<T>(T d)
-        {
-            return new J<T>(d);
-        }
-
-        public static Task<J<T>> AsTask(T value)
-        {
-            return Task.FromResult<J<T>>(value);
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Squidex.Infrastructure/Json/Orleans/JsonExternalSerializer.cs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 // ==========================================================================
 
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
 using Orleans.Runtime;
@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ namespace Squidex.Infrastructure.Json.Orleans
     public class JsonExternalSerializer : IExternalSerializer
     {
         private readonly JsonSerializer serializer;
+        private readonly HashSet<Type> types;
 
-        public JsonExternalSerializer(JsonSerializer serializer)
+        public JsonExternalSerializer(JsonSerializer serializer, params Type[] types)
         {
             Guard.NotNull(serializer, nameof(serializer));
 
             this.serializer = serializer;
+
+            this.types = new HashSet<Type>(types);
         }
 
         public void Initialize(Logger logger)
@@ -33,25 +36,15 @@ namespace Squidex.Infrastructure.Json.Orleans
 
         public bool IsSupportedType(Type itemType)
         {
-            return itemType.GetInterfaces().Contains(typeof(IJsonValue));
+            return types.Contains(itemType);
         }
 
         public object DeepCopy(object source, ICopyContext context)
         {
-            var jsonValue = source as IJsonValue;
+            if (source == null)
-
-            if (jsonValue == null)
             {
                 return null;
             }
-            else if (jsonValue.IsImmutable)
-            {
-                return jsonValue;
-            }
-            else if (jsonValue.Value == null)
-            {
-                return jsonValue;
-            }
             else
             {
                 return JObject.FromObject(source, serializer).ToObject(source.GetType(), serializer);